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Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Published by LEMIGAS
ISSN : 20893361     EISSN : 25410520     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Energy
The Scientific Contributions for Oil and Gas is the official journal of the Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS for the dissemination of information on research activities, technology engineering development and laboratory testing in the oil and gas field. Manuscripts in English are accepted from all in any institutions, college and industry oil and gas throughout the country and overseas.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Teknologi Bahan Bakar
Articles 619 Documents
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EFFECT OF BIOSURFACTANT PRODUCED BY BACILLUS IN OILY WASTEWATER DEGRADATION Sri Kadarwati; Leni Herlina
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 31 No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.31.3.1015

Abstract

Liquid waste from oil industry activities has potential cause environmental pollution. These liquid wastes, containing hydrocarbon and heavy metals, are mostly toxic. Therefore, biotechnology by means of biological treatment can be applied for decomposing the toxic liquid wastes. The biosurfactant production from some microorganisms can support hydrocarbon degradation. The objective of this study is to examine the crude biosurfactant that is extracted from the selected Bacillus which was precipitated by using methanol on acid moiety. The crude biosurfactant extract were tested to support hydrocarbon degradation. Three species of Bacillus used in this experiment were compared based on their respective biosurfactant production. The results showed that the percentage of hydrocarbon degradation on liquid waste from refinery by the three Bacillus species were 90.23% (Bacillus subtilis), 88.72% (Bacillus licheniformis), and 73.43% (Bacillus laterosporus). The concentration of remaining oil after 28 days was 20.44 mg/L, 23.38 mg/L, and 54.87 mg/L, respectively. The decrease of COD were 84.90%, 84.04%, and 80.68%, respectively, and the COD value after 28 days treatment were 165 mg/L, 174 mg/L, and 211 mg/L.
LEGAL FRAMEWORK ON POLICY FOR NATURAL GAS DEVELOPMENT AND UTILIZATION Wiwien Winarsih
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 31 No 3 (2008)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.31.3.1016

Abstract

Due to declining of crude oil production and global energy crisis, development and utilization of natural gas policy should arrange to meet domestic demand. The gas sector’s potential is bright; domestic, regional and international demand for natural gas is expected to rise dramatically over the next decade. To capitalize on this opportunity, Indonesia must improve its gas infrastructure, expand power capacity and attract new investment that will create new sources of production. Legal framework for natural gas exploration and production and downstream activities should be directed to create conducive investment atmosphere and to provide the sustainable of natural gas availability.
DEVELOPMENT OF A SUPPLEMENTARY TECHNIQUE FOR DETERMINING IN SITU STRESS MAGNITUDE USING ACOUSTIC WAVE PROPAGATION Bambang Widarsono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.1.1018

Abstract

In accordance with the increasing awareness of the importance of in situ stress information in the design of various geotechnical and other petroleum related subsurface engineering in Indonesia, a complete knowledge of the insitu stress is a fundamental requirement. Basically, complete information of the insitu state of stress means both the trends and magnitudes of the principal in situ stresses. Some stress determination techniques can provide a complete stress tensor (e.g. differential strain analysis, DSA, method), some provide an incomplete tensor (e.g. sleeve fracturing method), and some provide merely the directions of the principal stresses. The Shear wave (S-wave) splitting technique presented by Widarsono et al (1998), following the earlier works made by Yale and Sprunt (1989), obviously falls in the last category. In some cases, which usually do not require in situ stress information regarding the magnitudes as an input parameter, principal stress directions still provide useful information. Nevertheless, the expanding use of in situ stress information requires, as stated above, a complete information, which means the stress magnitudes as well as directions. Designs of hydraulic fracturing, wellbore stability, and prevention of sand problems are among examples for which information about in situ stresses is required. In relation to the requirement outlined above, the effort which results are presented in this paper was devoted to presenting efforts to predict in situ stress magnitude by using ultrasonic wave propagation. This paper mainly presents efforts to find relations between acoustic propagation and in situ stress magnitude with an ultimate goal to provide the S-wave splitting technique presented in Widarsono et al (1998) with a means for estimating stress magnitudes.
STUDY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF PIT CLOSURE GUIDELINES FOR OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION ACTIVITIES M. Mulyono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.1.1019

Abstract

Exploration, development, and production activities associated with oil and gas production projects can have a variety of impacts on the environment. A variety of wastes are produced by such activities. Apart from the wastewater that is in the form of produced water, many kinds of solid wastes are produced during exploration and production of oil and gas. These solid wastes, among others, are drilling mud and cuttings, and tank bottom oily sludge. These solid wastes are dumped temporarily in a certain place called a pit before they can be treated further. In order to minimize and possibly eliminate the environmental impacts of those solid wastes, pit construction has to be developed in such a way that release of pit contents to the environment could be prevented. In addition, pollutant loading of ground water from waste leaks, releases of hydrocarbons and hydrogen sulphide to the atmosphere are some of the factors that have also to be considered. As dumping such solid wastes in a pit is a temporary storage, pit closure management has also to be developed. Explicitly, governmental regulation concerning with environmental aspects of pit closure has not been established yet. Nevertheless, environmental management approach of pit construction and closure could be established by referring to the available regulation, namely Governmental Regulation PP. 18/1999 juncto PP. 85/1999 - hazardous waste regulation, and the related Ministerial Decree, such as Bapedal Decree No. Kep.-04/BAPEDAL/09/19995 decsribing methods of landfilling or land disposal for hazardous wastes. This approach is based on the reason that such solid wastes are also categorized as hazardous wastes. In regard to pit construction, study on pit location should include the hydrogeology pattern of the site. Furthermore, pit wall materials are parameters that also have to be considered in minimizing impacts to the surrounding. Upon closing the pit, a pit closure plans that call for the dewatering of mud and reserve pit contents before burial have to be developed to reduce the chance of the downward transport of contaminants to shallow aquifers. The grading of soils covering the pits may reduce the chances of infiltration of rainwater, which may migrate to ground water. Other consideration, for example revegetation, has also to be included. All of the above factors should be considered in pit closure and assessment guideline. In addition to the available national references, other worldwide references such as those of US-EPA guidelines deserve to be considered in studying pit management. The author has conducted a short study concerning pit closure management that has been implemented in oil and gas producing companies. Goals of the study are to review the manual guideline or standard operating procedure (SOP) of pit closure applied to the fields. The followings are report concerning with the implementation of the study.
THE CONTRIBUTION OF PALYNOLOGY IN FIELD DEVELOPMENT Eko Budi Lelono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.1.1020

Abstract

The reliable interpretation of lateral reservoir distribution is required to gain high accuracy of reserve estimation in the oil field. Apparently, the geometry of reservoirs influences the volume of hydrocarbon. Widespread reservoirs are more preferred than isolated reservoirs because the former tend to store much larger volume of hydrocarbon than the later which usually produce limited volume of hydrocarbon. The lateral reservoir connectivity can be approached using various methods such as well log correlation, seismic correlation, biostratigraphic correlation, etc. In fact, each method sometime provides distinct result compared to that using another method. Therefore, the integration of those methods is actually needed to obtain reliable result. In the studied field, reservoir correlation was firstly constructed base on well log and seismic correlations. It was concluded that each reservoir could be traced along the studied wells. However, in order to cross check this conclusion it is applied palynological correlation as the studied sections are well recognized to represent deltaic sediment which yields rich palynomorph assemblage. It is now believed that palynology will be able to refine the correlation which was reconstructed base on well log and seismic. Data obtained during the analysis is considered to be confidential as this is provided for commercial work which is not public domain. Therefore, detail information of the studied wells cannot be revealed within this paper. The wells are named using numbers such as 1, 2 and 3, whilst reservoirs are labelled in alphabetical order, for example A, B and C. The studied wells were drilled in the oil field, so called Field "X" (Figure 1). Due to space limitation, only palynological data relevant to the correlation and sequence stratigraphic analysis of the studied wells (1, 2 and 3) are presented within this paper (Figures 3, 4 and 5). These data include the distribution of selected taxa, especially those which derived from marine, mangrove, back-mangrove, riparian, peatswamp and freshwater vegetations. Lithology is inferred from wireline logs which were provided by the client. These logs are shown together with pollen diagrams as seen in Figures 3, 4 and 5.
THE SHOREFACE - FAIRWEATHER WAVE BASE ENVIRONMENT OF THE MIDMIOCENE SANDSTONE IN THE CENTRAL PART OF THE MADURA ISLAND MAC. Endharto
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.1.1021

Abstract

As mentioned in the previous paper (Endharto, 2005) this paper is part of the series of the depositional model of the Ngrayong Sandstone, which takes part especially in the central part of the Madura Island. This study also examines physical evidence of the best exposure of the study area. The central part is located between 07 01' 18" S - 113 32' 56" E and 07 04' 55" S- 113 36' 54" E, covering the area of Tanjung - Pasean to the north and Mentok - Kertengeneh - Sentol to the south. (Figure 1). The Geological work was carried out during June - July 2005, where the particular attention was concentrated within the central region of the island. There are 3 major key outcrop areas were studied and assigned for the depositional setting of this area (i.e., Tanjung toward Pasean River, Mentok - Kertengeneh Oil Field and Sentol Daya sections). This worked has attempted to sort it out both vertical and horizontal sections with applying the stratigraphic measuring sections (outcrop/surface logs), horizontal distance using passing compass, supported by petrography and paleontology analysis, and trying to look at the internal sedimentological structures to get into broadly image of the depositional system within this area.
POSSIBILITY TO ESTIMATE BULK PERMEABILITY FROM SEISMIC DATA Suprajitno Munadi
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 1 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.1.1022

Abstract

Permeability is one of the most important reservoir parameter which determines the reserves. Unlike the porosity which is considered to be the static property of oil and gas reservoir, permeability is the dynamic property. It reflects the ability of reservoir rock to transmit fluid (oil gas or water). The reservoir rock is located deep below the subsurface, so that the measurement of the permeability is usually carried out from the cores. So far there is no well logging tool which measures the rock permeability directly. Physically, there is no direct relationship between porosity and permeability, the estimation of permeability from the cross-plot between porosity and permeability is just a rough estimate, but it is usually accepted in practical application. Apart from cross- correlation method, there is now exist a sophisticated approach to estimate permeability based on well log data using artificial neural network. There now exist a method which is widely accepted to estimate the porosity of the subsurface layer using seismic method. This method exploits the relationship between porosity and acoustic impedance of the sub- surface layer. And since acoustic impedance can be derived from the seismic amplitudes, it means that the rock porosity can be estimated from seismic data. A new question can be exposed as follows : "Is there any seismic wave parameter or quantity which is theoretically can be releted to permability ?" (so that the estimation of reservoir permeability can be estimated from seimic data). This paper tries to propose an idea to use a specific seismic wave parameter whis is theoretically can be related to the permeability of a reservoir rock, with a hope that more detail research can be pointed to that direction. This idea is supported by qualitative analysis and some theoretical findings
EOCENE-OLIGOCENE CLIMATE BASED ON PALYNOLOGICAL RECORDS Eko Budi Lelono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.2.1023

Abstract

This study is a part of the investigation on Tertiary paleoclimate conducted by LEMIGAS Stratigraphy Group. The paleoclimate reconstruction covers most area of western Indonesia including South Sumatra Basin, Sunda-Asri Basin, Northeast Java Basin South Kalimantan and Northeast Java Basin, West Natuna and South Sulawesi (Figure 1). This paper is aimed to figure out the regional paleoclimate of western Indonesia which occurred during Eocene-Oligocene. In fact, the knowledge of paleoclimate is useful to define sea level changes which are believed to have relationship with stratigraphy and sedimentology of these areas. The paleoclimate interpretation can be approached using different tools such as biostratigraphy and geochemistry. In this study, paleoclimate is interpretated based on biostratigraphy (microfossil evidences) including palynomorph and foraminifer. Palynomorphs were mainly applied on the non-marine to transitional sections, whilst foraminifers were used in interpreting shallow to deep marine sediments. In fact, most interpretations rely on palynological evidences as these simply provide suitable data for paleoclimate analysis. In case of both microfossils appear in the same section, the paleoclimate interpretation based on palynomorph can be placed in a certain stratigraphic level which is defined based on the occurrence of the age-restricted foraminifer. The paleoclimate interpretation of certain strati- graphic level is based on the compilation of palynological and foraminiferal data deriving from different areas. This method is used to obtain representative picture of paleoclimate which occurs in the selected stratigraphic range of the western Indonesia
LOCAL CONTINGENCY PLAN FOR OIL SPILL MITIGATION AT SEA: ANECESSARY DOCUMENT THAT SHOULD BE PROVIDED TO COMBATAN EMERGENCY M.S. Wibisono
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.2.1024

Abstract

The marine and or coastal environment includes its natural resources which are utilized for national development and increasing prosperity/national welfare for the Indonesian people has been clearly understood. It is necessary to be well managed in view of the 3 kinds of important and unique ecosystems which are interdependent and inter related to each other. Those marine ecosystems are as follows: 1. Mangrove ecosystems, 2. Coral reef ecosystems, 3. Sea-grass ecosystems. If one of those ecosystems degraded caused by pollution or other relevant reasons, it will decrease the carrying capacity and at last the declining productivity will prevail. This means that the degraded ecosystem will cause the imbalance in other ecosystem(s) and may contribute the outbreak of the declining productivity. Several anthropogenic activities in lands may result the impacts against one of those ecosystems stated above through the drainage system e.g. industrial effluents which do not agree with the quality standard, illegal logging, non environmental oriented development of housing complex, exchange of drainage pattern perfunctorily resulting flooding everywhere, the disposal of solid wastes/ garbage which is not well managed, and others. On the other hand the careless anthropogenic at seal coastal zone may also contribute the outbreak of the marine pollution as a result. Oil and Gas activities at sea is one of so many activities which have the environmental risks though they have been compulsory to provide the Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) particularly in self combating spill limited for their working areas. In this case the oil spill at sea which is in a huge volume of oil and happened in a sudden usually called as a disaster. The disaster which may come from one of the causal factors are among others: blow out from offshore oil-well(s), oil spill from tanker collision or grounded, disposal of dirty ballast from the vessel of which the captain breaks the ratified International Conventions, and explosion of storage tank(s) at the coastal zone. All type of oil spill at sea will give the negative impacts to the most sensitive locations. Such of those are locations in which the biota communities are still in a succession stage, or the certain locations in terms of economical potency and or natural resources and all at once facing the pollution risks, since such loca- tions are relatively close to the oil & gas operational activities, for example: a. Ponds/fish ponds (tambaks) or tourist resorts or mangrove forests or seaweed aquacultures which are relatively close to the navigational tanker route. b. Protected (preservation/conservation) areas of which the positions are relatively close to the oil & gas operational activities. Several short notes are presented in this paper to obtain the illustration of the spill at sea.The accident of TORREY CANYON happened in March 1967 spilled the Kuwait crude as much as 118.000 tons in the vicinity of Santa Barbara. But the larger spill in the world derived from the ship AMOCO CADIZ happened in 1978 polluted the English-channel. Eight years later the disaster was happened again where several storage tanks exploded and caught on fire resulting 8 million litres of crude oil spilled out and polluted the coastal zone of the Panama Bay. In 1996 a tanker was grounded and trapped in the snowy/icy seawater and stormy of the Alaskan Sea where the oil spill was very difficult to mitigate in such condition. In Asian region there was a VLCC KANCHENJUNGA (+ 270.000 DWT) grounded on control marine pollution and the act damaging the marine environment in the certain limits of authority. The aim of this paper is to obtain some positive responses from the local government level (frovincials) which having the risks of oil pollution to provide the LCP document, since they are close to the oil and gas operational activities or facing the tanker's lane.
THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTS AND DEPOSITIONAL MODEL FOR THE NGRAYONG SANDSTONES AN OUTCROP STUDY IN EASTERN PART OF THE MADURA ISLAND AS A REFERENCE MAC. Endharto
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 29 No 2 (2006)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/SCOG.29.2.1025

Abstract

This topic is the most eastern portion of the se- ries depositional model of the Ngrayong Sandstone, which well develops particularly in Madura Island. This study is also observing both vertical and horizontal sequences of the sedintentological aspects and its geological associations of the Ngrayong Sandstone outcrops. The eastern part is situated between 06° 58' 10" S- 113° 46' 16" E and 06 59' 47" S- 113° 56' 09" E, that covers the eastern studies area ie, Mandala --Belukares and Prenduan to the west and Banjar Barat – Gapura - Sema to the eastern margin (Fig- ure 1). These areas are also exemplifying the east- ern most of the Ngrayong Sandstone depositional setting. Like most of the previous Ngrayong Sandstone Studies of these series is to consign the sand- stone deposition aspects especially in the main land of Madura to obtain good affiliation within the basin configuration related to hydrocarbon exploration in this region. The worked was converged on the Ngrayong Sandstone exposures to investigate the depositional style of the sandstone in the eastern portion of the island. The data mostly obtained from direct measurement of even single section of the outcrop, paleocurrent analysis and sedimentary structure, collecting the rock samples for petrographic study to see the modal analysis, di- agenesis, and reservoir characteristic.

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