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INDONESIA
Agricultural Power Journal
Published by CV. HEI Publishing Indonesia
ISSN : -     EISSN : 30628563     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.70076/apj
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Agricultural Power Journal (APJ), encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects to optimizing the quality and quantity of both plant, including agricultural economics and management, agricultural engineering and mechanization, agronomy and crop science, biotechnology, ecology and ecophysiology, food science and technology, genetic diversity and breeding, molecular biology, land resources, land use and remote sensing, microbiology, virology and bacteriology, organic agriculture, physiology and nutrition, phytoremediation, plant nutrition, plant pathology and pest management, post-harvest technology, soil sciences, soilless culture, tissue culture technology, and water management.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 51 Documents
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Land Distribution Inequality and Farmer Poverty Vulnerability: Analyzing Land Gini Ratio and Poverty Severity Index Using the 2023 Agricultural Census Marningot Situmorang
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.145

Abstract

Land inequality remains a structural constraint on rural poverty reduction in Indonesia. This study examines the relationship between land distribution inequality and farmer poverty vulnerability using provincial data derived from the 2023 Agricultural Census (ST2023). Land inequality is measured using the Land Gini Ratio, while poverty vulnerability is assessed through the Poverty Severity Index. The analysis applies linear regression to evaluate the statistical association between variables. The results indicate a strong positive relationship (R² = 0.54, p = 0.002), suggesting that provinces with higher land inequality tend to exhibit deeper poverty severity among agricultural households. These findings highlight that land disparity is strongly associated with rural poverty vulnerability within the observed model. The study underscores the importance of equitable land distribution policies as part of inclusive rural development strategies.
Deconstructing National Food Security: A Spatial Analysis of Paddy Field Conversion and Rice Production Volatility Based on Area Frame Sampling (AFS) Data Luh Putu Suciati; Pieter J. Kunu
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.150

Abstract

This study analyzes the structural vulnerability of national food security by examining the spatial impact of paddy field conversion on rice production volatility. Production instability is influenced by several key factors, including land-use change, climate-related harvest failures, and the degradation of primary irrigation infrastructure. Using the Area Frame Sampling (AFS) approach from 2020 to 2024, this research integrates remote sensing data with field observations to measure the loss of productive agricultural land. The results reveal a 4.22% decline in the national harvest area. In Java, the conversion of technically irrigated paddy fields leads to an estimated loss of 11.4 tons of Milled Dried Grain (MDG) per hectare annually, reflecting a significant reduction in production capacity due to the disappearance of multi-cropping systems. Spatial regression analysis shows a strong relationship (R² = 0.78) between infrastructure expansion and rice supply instability. This finding indicates that irreversible land-use change, rather than yield fluctuation, is the primary driver of production volatility. The results suggest that national food security is approaching a critical threshold. Therefore, the study recommends implementing a moratorium on paddy field conversion, strengthening field-level spatial monitoring, integrating food security policies, and providing fiscal incentives to protect remaining agricultural land.
Climate Change Spillover Effects on Agricultural Economics: Correlating Rainfall Anomalies (ENSO) and Farmer's Terms of Trade in Indonesia Leni Sabrina; Nurhapsa Nurhapsa; Elly Jumiati
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.152

Abstract

This study investigates the profound socioeconomic implications of precipitation variability on agricultural stability, specifically focusing on how ENSO-induced rainfall anomalies trigger economic spillover effects within the Indonesian agrarian sector. Addressing the critical intersection of climatology and macroeconomics, the research aims to quantify the correlation between meteorological shocks and the Farmer's Terms of Trade (FTT). Utilizing official secondary datasets from the Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics (BMKG) and Statistics Indonesia (BPS) for the period 2021–2024, the study employs a quantitative approach integrating Pearson correlation analysis and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The results demonstrate a significant positive correlation (r = .658 ; p = .003) between rainfall stability and farmer welfare, revealing a severe "price-squeeze" effect during the 2023 El Niño where escalating production costs outpaced commodity gate prices. Furthermore, the findings highlight that technical irrigation infrastructure acts as a vital moderator, significantly dampening economic volatility in resilient provinces like South Sulawesi compared to rain-fed regions. We conclude that climate-driven economic erosion necessitates a transition toward proactive policy frameworks, such as Weather Index-Based Insurance (WIBI), to safeguard rural purchasing power. This research advances scientific knowledge by empirically decoupling the physical impacts of climate change from its structural economic consequences in tropical agriculture.
The Agricultural Digital Divide: Impact of Internet Penetration on Mechanization Adoption and Labor Productivity in Rural Areas A. St. Fatmawaty; Amruddin Amruddin; Erina Riak Asie
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.146

Abstract

The agricultural sector faces a structural divide between traditional practices and data-driven digitalization. This research investigates the influence of rural internet penetration on the adoption of modern agricultural machinery and its impact on labor productivity in Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative framework, the study synthesizes official secondary data from national labor, digital development, and agricultural databases covering 38 provinces. Results demonstrate a significant positive correlation, where high-connectivity regions exhibit a 63.46% higher productivity index compared to digitally isolated areas. Path analysis reveals that internet penetration serves as a critical enabler, where gains in labor efficiency are predominantly mediated by the adoption of physical mechanization. However, low digital literacy in Eastern Indonesia remains a structural constraint. The study concludes that while rural internet penetration plays an important role in accelerating mechanization adoption, its effectiveness in improving agricultural productivity is highly dependent on digital literacy and the integration of digital infrastructure with mechanization practices.
Spatial Modeling of Agricultural Carbon Footprints: Assessing Greenhouse Gas Emissions Based on Livestock Population and National NPK Fertilizer Consumption Saida; Pieter J. Kunu; Andi Apriany Fatmawaty
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 1 (2026): February, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i1.154

Abstract

This study addresses the critical challenge of balancing national food security with climate mitigation by developing a spatial model of Indonesia's agricultural carbon footprint. Amid global Net Zero Emissions efforts, it identifies geographical "hotspots" of non- CO2 greenhouse gases using secondary data from the Ministry of Agriculture and PT Pupuk Indonesia (2020–2024). Applying the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change IPCC Tier 1 methodology, this study estimates methane (CH4) emissions from livestock enteric fermentation and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from NPK fertilizer consumption. GIS-based spatial analysis reveals significant clustering patterns, with East Java contributing 26.54% of national livestock methane emissions based on 2023 livestock population data. While methane dominates in total emission volume, N2O emissions from NPK fertilizer application demonstrate higher atmospheric persistence and global warming potential. Statistical analysis indicates that fertilizer management explains 78% of the variance in soil emissions (np2 = .78), confirming that nutrient input is a primary determinant of soil-based carbon flux variability. These findings are supported by spatial autocorrelation results and provincial emission estimates, which identify major emission clusters along Java Island and South Sulawesi agricultural corridors, highlighting the need for region-specific mitigation strategies.
Agricultural Credit as a Driver for Rural Development: Analyzing the Nexus Between Micro-Credit Disbursement, Regional Economic Growth, and Poverty Alleviation A. St. Fatmawaty; Riyanti Isaskar; Irvo Isaskar Mandang
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i2.181

Abstract

The agricultural sector remains a vital rural economic pillar that is frequently hindered by restricted access to formal capital. This research seeks to evaluate the impact of micro-credit disbursement on agricultural RGDP growth and poverty reduction within the Indonesian context. Employing a quantitative research design with panel data from 38 provinces spanning the 2020–2025 period, the study processes official secondary data sourced from Statistics Indonesia, Bank Indonesia, and the Financial Services Authority. The analytical results demonstrate that a 15.00% annual expansion in micro-credit significantly stimulates an average base sector growth of 2.07% and effectively reduces rural poverty rates to a level of 11.74% as of 2024. Furthermore, these research findings underscore the decisive role of village infrastructure and financial digitalization in amplifying the effectiveness of disbursed capital. This study concludes that the integration of inclusive monetary policies with rural physical development constitutes a fundamental strategy for achieving resilient and inclusive agrarian economic transformation. Policy recommendations are directed toward strengthening credit guarantee systems and digitalizing farmer risk assessments to broaden the scope of financing without the burden of heavy physical collateral.
Enhancing Precision Agriculture Through a Spatial Correlation Analysis of Subsidized NPK Fertilizer Distribution and National Soil Nutrient Deficiencies Anwa Robbo; Fransin Polnaya; Suleyman; Sevindrajuta; Zuyasna
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i2.175

Abstract

This study addresses the critical structural misalignment between national fertilizer distribution policies and biophysical soil nutrient realities across the Indonesian archipelago. Utilizing a quantitative explanatory design, the research integrates large-scale secondary datasets from PT Pupuk Indonesia's logistics and the national soil hara maps of 514 districts to evaluate allocation efficiency. Spatial correlation analysis and the Nutrient Gap Index (G) were employed to identify systemic distribution anomalies. Findings reveal a profound disparity where nutrient-saturated regions, particularly in Java, exhibit significant over-supply (G reaches 0.90), while marginal agricultural frontiers in outer islands face acute deficits (G as low as -0.53). This imbalance correlates with a national Nutrient Use Efficiency (NUE) stagnation below the 40% threshold, signaling an environmental and fiscal plateau. The study concludes that the conventional "one-size-fits-all" distribution paradigm is no longer sustainable. We propose a strategic shift toward Site-Specific Nutrient Management (SSNM) by integrating geospatial soil data into the e-RDKK digital platform. These results advance the understanding of precision agriculture in tropical developing nations, establishing that food security depends on localized allocation precision rather than volumetric sufficiency.
Development of an Internet of Things (IoT)-Based System for Monitoring Planthopper Populations and Rice Field Microclimate to Support the Hb Design of Integrated Pest Management in Rice Cultivation Maimuna Nontji; Anita Ninasari; Aulia Brilliantina; Muzakir; Emilia Oktara
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i2.176

Abstract

The escalating volatility of Nilaparvata lugens (Brown Planthopper) populations threatens national rice sovereignty and necessitates proactive pest management strategies. This research developed an Internet of Things (IoT)-based architecture integrating terrestrial microclimatic sensors with satellite-based vegetation indices across 4,500 hectares of paddy fields in Indramayu Regency. Fifteen LoRaWAN-enabled sensor nodes achieved 98.45% data transmission integrity. The system detected humidity-driven population surges (>85% RH for 72 hours) four days earlier than conventional visual observations. ANOVA analysis confirmed significant spatial positioning effects (F(2, 42) = 15.67, p = .001). In addition, monitored plots demonstrated 1.4 tons/Ha higher grain yields and a 30% reduction in pesticide costs compared to traditional farming. The integration of sensor thermodynamics with BRIN NDVI data establishes a technically viable blueprint for Agriculture 4.0. These findings provide empirical evidence that precision digital interventions can enhance food production resilience in Indonesia.
The Role of Socio-Economic Factors in Enhancing Income and Resilience of Smallholder Farmers under Climate Change Yadi Heryadi; Oktovianus; Risyart Alberth Far Far
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i2.178

Abstract

Climate change poses a significant economic threat to smallholder farmers, highlighting the importance of analyzing socio-economic factors that support resilience. This study investigates the determinants of agricultural income and household endurance amidst climatic anomalies by utilizing national-scale secondary data from the Indonesian Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and BMKG. Employing a dual econometric approach, Multiple Linear Regression (OLS) was used to identify income drivers, while Logistic Regression evaluated the probability of resilience. The findings indicate that human capital, specifically education and access to weather information, significantly enhances income efficiency, whereas climate anomalies persistently suppress productivity. Crucially, income diversification and participation in the Rice Crop Insurance (AUTP) scheme emerged as the strongest predictors of resilience, increasing recovery probabilities by factors of 3.12 and 2.45, respectively. This research concludes that fostering agricultural fortitude requires a strategic shift from traditional input subsidies toward comprehensive socio-economic empowerment and risk transfer mechanisms. These insights provide a critical framework for evidence-based policy interventions aimed at securing sustainable livelihoods for small-scale producers.
Assessing the Efficacy of Government Floor Price Interventions in Stabilizing Farm Gate Paddy Prices Across Major Indonesian Production Hubs Sulistyaningsih; Titik ismandari; Alfath Desita Jumiar; Nurlaila
Agriculture Journal Vol 3 No 2 (2026): May, 2026
Publisher : CV. HEI PUBLISHING INDONESIA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.70076/apj.v3i2.179

Abstract

This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Government Purchase Price (HPP) policy in stabilizing farm-gate paddy prices in major rice-producing regions of Indonesia. Monthly panel data from the Central Bureau of Statistics and the National Food Agency for 2020–2025 were analyzed using descriptive statistics and price parity approaches. The results indicate that HPP serves as an important price protection instrument, but its implementation remains uneven due to logistical constraints and limited post-harvest infrastructure. In South Sulawesi, farm-gate prices were consistently around 150 IDR/kg below the HPP benchmark, while regression analysis revealed a negative relationship between grain moisture content and compliance with HPP standards (β = -0.456). The findings suggest that the effectiveness of the floor price policy depends not only on the established price level, but also on procurement capacity and post-harvest quality management. Therefore, region-specific pricing strategies and investment in drying facilities are necessary to improve farmer welfare and strengthen food price stability in Indonesia.

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