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Mohammed Ali Berawi
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CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 24074438     EISSN : 24075957     DOI : https://doi.org/10.7454/jid
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Engineering Social Sciences
The CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development is peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing cutting-edge research and practices in the infrastructure and built environment. Topic of interest include, but not limited to; Infrastructure and Transportation Systems: Road, railway, seaport, airport infrastructure development, including international case studies and comparative analyses. Urban and Rural Planning: Smart and healthy cities, land use planning, utilities, ICT integration, and cross-border urban development strategies. Sustainability and Environmental Resilience: Climate adaptation, renewable energy systems, water and wastewater management, and sustainability practices in urban development. Infrastructure Finance and Asset Management: Life-cycle cost analysis, risk assessment, public-private partnerships, and economic models of infrastructure investment. Digital Transformation in the Built Environment: The role of building information modeling (BIM), digital twins, artificial intelligence (AI), and machine learning in global infrastructure innovation.
Arjuna Subject : Teknik (semua kategori) - Bangunan dan Konstruksi
Articles 159 Documents
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Analysis of the Suitability of C-Band Radar-Based Rainfall Data with Rain Gauge Stations in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed, Indonesia Ghinannafsi, Daffa Aliyo; Anggraheni, Evi; Rizal, Muhammad; Halim, Peter Hartono
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Accurate rainfall estimation is essential for hydrological modelling and flood risk management, particularly in mountainous watersheds where rain gauge coverage is limited. This study evaluated the performance of a calibration correction method for C-Band radar rainfall estimates in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed using data from five rain gauge stations and 100 rainfall events. Data quality was verified through outlier and consistency tests before applying a daily calibration correction factor derived from gauge observations. Radar performance was evaluated using the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE), Percent Bias (PBias), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Before correction, radar estimates substantially overestimated rainfall, with NSE values below -500, RMSE values above 300 mm, and PBias exceeding 1000% at all stations. A uniform correction factor of 0.077 reduced systematic bias, decreasing RMSE to below 35 mm and improving NSE values, although no station achieved the satisfactory threshold (NSE > 0.5). Accuracy after correction ranged from 13.22% to 56.28%. The results demonstrate that the calibration method substantially reduced radar bias but did not achieve sufficient accuracy for direct hydrological applications. Additional correction techniques are required before C-Band radar rainfall data can be reliably integrated into hydrological models and operational flood warning systems in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed.
Analysis of Construction Safety Costs In Girder Erection Work On Toll Road Projects To Reduce Risks And Construction Accident Costs Wicaksono, Aditya Daniar; Machfudiyanto, Rossy Armyn
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The construction of toll roads, as part of Indonesia’s National Strategic Projects, plays a crucial role in enhancing mobility and economic competitiveness. Girder erection work constitutes one of the most critical phases in toll road bridge construction, characterized by high safety risks due to confined workspaces, technical complexity, and suboptimal risk management practices. This study aims to analyze construction safety costs in girder erection work to reduce risks and construction accident costs. The research process includes hazard identification, effective risk control analysis, risk impact valuation, and cost-benefit analysis of safety investments. The methods employed consist of secondary data analysis, risk level assessment based on frequency and severity, and expert validation. The findings reveal that most girder erection activities are categorized as high risk, with the primary hazard being falls from height. Risk control strategies were implemented through technical measures, administrative controls, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The total risk impact value was found to be approximately 25% to 38% of the girder erection work cost, while the allocated safety cost was only 1.72% to 2.57%. The cost-benefit analysis yielded a ratio of 1: 8.25, indicating significant cost savings and the economic feasibility of safety investments. These findings reinforce previous research (Ikpe et al., 2011) which confirmed the positive contribution of safety costs to accident prevention and align with OSHA’s perspective on cost savings through the implementation of safety programs. Therefore, the allocation of construction safety costs proves to provide substantial benefits in risk reduction and cost efficiency. This study contributes to the development of implementable strategies for project stakeholders to optimize the benefits of safety cost allocation in girder erection work on toll road projects.
Experimental Studies of Compressive Strength of Sustainable Concrete with Partial Cement Substitution Using Palm Oil Boiler Ash Suraedi, Daral; Sjah, Jessica; Handika, Nuraziz; Aulia, Saffanah Fasya; Edwardo, Karmenita Olivia
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

This study investigates the mechanical performance of sustainable concrete incorporating Palm Oil Boiler Ash (POBA) as a partial cement replacement. As the construction sector seeks to reduce CO₂ emissions and manage agro-industrial waste, POBA emerges as a promising supplementary cementitious material due to its pozzolanic potential and abundance in palm oil–producing regions such as Indonesia.Concrete specimens were prepared with POBA substitution levels ranging from approximately 10% to 30% by weight of cement, in combination with nanosilica and a polycarboxylate ether (PCE) superplasticizer to enhance performance. The mix design was developed in accordance with ACI 211 guidelines to maintain comparable workability across all mixtures.Compressive strength was evaluated at 3, 14, 28, and 56 days. Results indicate that while early-age strength decreases with increasing POBA content, an optimal replacement level of 19% demonstrated compressive strength comparable to the control mixture at later ages under the tested mix design conditions. The inclusion of nanosilica, based on prior experimental validation, is considered to have contributed to mitigating early strength reduction and supporting microstructural development. The study concludes that POBA, when applied at an optimal replacement level, can serve as a viable partial cement substitute for structural concrete applications, supporting environmental sustainability and low-carbon infrastructure development.
Analysis of Venture Capital Investment for Financing The Development of The Palm Oil Industry in Indonesia for Private Companies Yitro, Salvatore; Sari, Mustika; Saroji, Gunawan
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Indonesia is the world's largest crude palm oil (CPO) producer, accounting for 58.04% of global output from 2018 to 2022 and generating between USD 18.2 billion and USD 28.95 billion in annual foreign exchange earnings from 2016 to 2021. The downstream sector, however, remains largely controlled by foreign markets, and private companies face restricted access to conventional bank financing due to negative campaigns against Indonesian palm oil in European markets. No prior study has examined the financial feasibility of venture capital as a financing mechanism for integrated downstream palm oil development by private companies in Indonesia. This study analysed that feasibility using the Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) method, applied to a case study of CS COMPANY, an integrated downstream facility comprising a refinery, fractionation plant, biodiesel plant, oleochemical plant, and CPKO refining and hydrogenation plant, over a 10-year investment period in accordance with OJK regulations. The WACC was 10.59%, benchmarked against specialty chemicals peers in Asian capital markets. The NPV was IDR 238,154,411,444, indicating a positive return above the cost of capital. The IRR was 12.07%, exceeding the WACC and confirming financial feasibility. Payback period analysis confirmed capital recovery within the 10-year investment period. Sensitivity analysis showed the project remains feasible under conservative assumptions. The projected market value at divestment was IDR 2,025,884,135,004, with a 30% DLOM applied per OJK Regulation Number 35/POJK.04/2020. These results confirm that venture capital is a financially viable and legally structured financing instrument for downstream palm oil development in Indonesia. The study contributes a replicable DCF framework calibrated to POJK regulations for use by investors and companies evaluating similar structures. Future research should examine alternative venture capital schemes, multi-project comparisons, and non-financial risk integration.
The Implementation of Smart City Initiatives in Addressing Climate Change Challenges For The Transformation of Jakarta into a Resilient Global City Dwiputra, Roby; Susetyo, Nurulitha Andini; Amanza, Apriano Hanindito
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Jakarta, a densely populated delta city and Indonesia's former capital undergoing post-relocation transformation, faces escalating climate change impacts, including land subsidence and tidal flooding. Annual subsidence rates of 5–25 cm in northern areas and recurrent tidal floods, including the December 2025 event, pose significant threats to urban sustainability and economic stability. This study employs a qualitative descriptive–analytic approach using a single-case study of Jakarta. Smart city initiatives are examined as governance instruments for climate resilience, drawing on secondary data from regulatory documents, real-time digital monitoring platforms, and global smart city performance indicators. The analysis applies thematic and comparative techniques supported by indicator-based assessment. The results show that smart city tools, notably the JAKI application and the Jakarta Satu geospatial portal, enhance real-time flood monitoring and early warning capabilities. These platforms improve inter-agency coordination during tidal flooding events by integrating water level data, spatial visualization, and citizen reporting. IoT-based sensor networks support faster operational responses and data-driven decision-making in flood-prone areas. Smart city implementation contributes positively to short-term adaptive capacity and emergency response effectiveness. During the December 2025 tidal flooding event, real-time dashboards across more than 170 IoT monitoring points enabled faster deployment of emergency resources in vulnerable northern districts. However, sensor coverage remains uneven in high-risk northern coastal zones. Digital access gaps limit participation among marginalized communities, reducing inclusivity. Governance challenges persist, including fragmented coordination and limited data transparency. Smart city initiatives remain largely reactive, with weak integration into preventive spatial planning and nature-based solutions. As a result, structural drivers of vulnerability, such as land subsidence and recurring coastal flooding, are not fully addressed. In conclusion, smart city initiatives represent a necessary but insufficient foundation for climate resilience in Jakarta; achieving the vision of a resilient and sustainable global city requires integrating digital systems with nature-based solutions, strengthening inclusive governance, and deepening cross-sector collaboration.
Impact of Carbon Credits as Revenue Enhancers in Blended Adaptation Finance for Nature-based Resilience Solutions Across Emerging Economies Rao, U.L. Narasimha
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Emerging economies face an annual adaptation finance gap of $300–$500 billion. Nature-based resilience solutions (NbRS) such as mangroves and agroforestry remain critically underfunded despite their cost-effective climate benefits. Carbon credits have been examined mainly in mitigation contexts; their role as revenue enhancers in blended adaptation finance for NbRS is untested. This study had three objectives: quantifying revenue uplift from credits, evaluating how certification reduces investor risk, and forecasting scalability under different blend ratios. A qualitative comparative case study was applied to 12 NbRS projects across emerging economies. Eight cases were from India; the rest came from Kenya and Indonesia. Data came from the Climate Policy Initiative, Verra, and Gold Standard. Carbon credits contributed 15–35% of total project revenues across the 12 cases. The average revenue uplift was 24%. Indian projects averaged 22%, compared with 18% in other cases. Verra and Gold Standard certification reduced investment risk in 75% of blended structures examined. Certified projects attracted private capital at 2.5 times the public contribution. The non-certified Coochbehar pilot recorded a 40% drop in investor participation due to verification gaps. Projects with Viability Gap Funding ratios of 25–35% scaled four times faster than higher-subsidy cases. If credits reach a 20% revenue norm across NbRS portfolios, annual mobilisation potential is projected at $50 billion. These findings position carbon credits as "resilience dividends" and extend blended finance theory beyond its mitigation focus. Policymakers and public sector professionals can use these findings to design credit-inclusive green bonds and attract private capital to NbRS. No prior study has empirically tested carbon credits as revenue enhancers in blended NbRS finance across countries or applied a revenue enhancement index to capture co-benefits beyond sequestration. Well-structured carbon credit mechanisms, backed by credible certification, can meaningfully close the adaptation finance gap in emerging economies.
Shopping Mall Revitalization as Experiential Transformation: A Mixed-Method Case Study of Mall Atmosphere and Visitor Experience Pertiwi, Adeanna P; Sihombing, Antony
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Shopping malls are under growing pressure to stay relevant as e-commerce reshapes consumer behaviour and reduces foot traffic in physical retail environments. Although revitalization has become a common response, most studies evaluate it through physical outcomes alone, and the question of how spatial and atmospheric changes translate into shifts in visitor experience remains largely unaddressed. This study examined shopping mall revitalization as an experiential transformation, with the aim of understanding how physical and atmospheric changes shaped visitor experience at Lippo Mall Nusantara, South Jakarta. A mixed-method approach was used. The approach combined direct observation and photographic documentation with a questionnaire survey administered to 36 mall visitors. Mall experience was assessed across four dimensions: functional, recreational, social, and seductive. Physical observation identified several revitalization interventions, including the redistribution of food and beverage tenants across multiple floors, the introduction of nature-themed design elements at the mezzanine level, the addition of public seating and relaxation facilities, and improvements to the circulation system. These changes produced a more open, visually distinct, and socially active environment. Among the four experience dimensions, the recreational dimension recorded the highest mean score (5.60), followed by social (5.34), functional (4.74), and seductive (4.42). The recreational and social dimensions fell in the high category, although the functional and seductive dimensions remained at a moderate level. The dominance of recreational and social scores points to a clear shift in how visitors use and perceive the mall, as a destination for leisure and social activity with shopping as a secondary purpose. The lower seductive score suggests that the revitalization did not strongly stimulate impulse-driven purchasing behaviour, consistent with the experiential orientation of the spatial changes observed. This study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that the four-dimensional mall experience framework is sensitive to revitalization-induced changes, and that atmospheric and spatial design interventions produce measurable and differentiated effects across experience dimensions. For mall developers and urban retail planners, the findings suggest that revitalization strategies built around communal space, sensory design, and food and beverage programming are more effective at driving visitor engagement than those focused on commercial floor layout. Mall revitalization, when designed around experiential and social priorities, can meaningfully reposition a shopping mall within its urban retail context.
Analysis of Factors Influencing the Implementation of Sustainable Project Management (SPM) in the Construction Industry in Indonesia Farhan, Ariq; Rachmawati, Titi Sari Nurul
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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The construction industry contributes significantly to economic growth but also carries substantial environmental and social costs. Construction activities generate carbon emissions, consume natural resources, and produce large volumes of waste. Despite growing theoretical development of Sustainable Project Management (SPM) frameworks, empirical evidence on the actual level of SPM implementation in Indonesia's construction sector remains limited. This study aims to identify the factors that influence SPM implementation and measure the level of implementation as perceived by construction professionals. A quantitative survey was administered to 99 professionals across infrastructure, building, and industrial construction sectors in Indonesia. Data were collected through a Likert-scale questionnaire and analysed with descriptive statistics. Implementation was assessed against the P5 Framework (People, Planet, Prosperity, Process, Product). All seven factors in this study, including leadership, awareness, HR competence, organisational support, regulation, stakeholder engagement, and organisational culture, scored in the high category (mean range: 3.68–3.89). All five P5 dimensions also achieved high mean scores. Product (3.941) and People (3.917) were the leading dimensions. These findings indicate that Indonesian construction professionals perceive SPM implementation as consistently high across organisational and external dimensions. This study contributes empirical data to the SPM literature in the Indonesian context and provides a baseline for monitoring future implementation progress. The results identify HR competence (3.681) as the priority area for technical training investment, with direct implications for industry development programs and construction education curricula.
Analysis of the Implemetation of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) SAP S/4 HANA in Cost Control of Light Rail Transit (LRT) Construction Projects Zulkarnaini, Rizki; Kussumardianadewi, Bernadette Detty
CSID Journal of Infrastructure Development
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Construction projects are expensive, complex, and difficult to keep on budget. Cost overruns are common. The consequences, including delays, disputes, and financial losses, appear repeatedly across the sector. Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems have been widely adopted to address this challenge, but evidence on how SAP S/4HANA performs in Light Rail Transit (LRT) construction is limited. This study analyzed the critical success factors of SAP S/4HANA implementation and evaluated its effect on cost control performance in an LRT project in Jakarta. Data were collected from two sources: a questionnaire distributed to 50 respondents involved in the project, and cost records extracted from SAP S/4HANA at project completion. All variables were validated through expert consultation before the main questionnaire was distributed. Three factors significantly affected cost control performance. SAP S/4HANA system quality (X1) was significant at sig. = 0.017 (t = 2.466). Organizational support (X2) was significant at sig. = 0.019 (t = 2.347). SAP S/4HANA users (X3) produced the strongest effect, significant at sig. = 0.000 (t = 4.708). The F-test confirmed that all three variables jointly affected cost control (F = 11.834, p < 0.05). User competence ranked first among the three factors, followed by system quality, then organizational support. The project recorded a Cost Planning value of Rp 4,665,465,828,436 against an Actual Cost of Rp 4,656,147,335,236. Earned Value across all four project zones reached Rp 4,915,100,000,000. The Cost Performance Index (CPI) was 1.055, indicating the project was completed within the planned budget. These findings extend ERP success research into transport infrastructure, where empirical evidence of this kind is scarce. Contractors deploying SAP S/4HANA on large construction projects should prioritize user training across the PS, MM, and FI modules before construction begins. On this project, the system provided real-time cost visibility and kept project spending within the planned budget.

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