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Buletin Limbah
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Buletin LIMBAH terdiri dari rubrik atrikel dan info limbah. Rubrik artikel memuat makalah tentang Iptek Limbah meliputi tren teknologi pengolahan limbah serta aspek keselamatan lingkungan. Sedangkan info limbah berisi informasi mutakhir tentang Iptek limbah dari dalam dan luar negeri, serta aktifitas PTLR-BATAN.
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Articles 60 Documents
PENGARUH VAC OFF GAS TERHADAP TINGKAT KONTAMINASI UDARA PADA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF DI PTLR BATAN SERPONG Budiyono Budiyono; Untara Untara; Gatot Sumartono
Buletin Limbah Vol 13, No 1 (2009): Tahun 2009
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PENGARUH VAC OFF GAS TERHADAP TINGKAT KONTAMINASI UDARA PADA INSTALASI PENGOLAHAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF DI PTLR BATAN SERPONG. Telah dilakukan pengukuran tingkat kontaminasi udara untuk mengetahui distribusinya dalam gedung IPLR. Sampel diambil di zona 1, zona 2 dan zona 3 dengan variasi waktu pada kondisi VAC-Off Gas hidup dan mati. Hasil pencuplikan udara diukur dengan pencacah  /  aktivitas rendah. Dari hasil penelitian ini diketahui bahwa semakin lama VAC dalam kondisi mati, semakin tinggi konsentrasi kontaminan di dalam gedung. Untuk kondisi VAC mati 64 jam (libur normal), kontaminasi udara tertinggi mencapai 3,6 kali nilai batas ambang. Sedangkan untuk kasus 88 jam gedung tanpa operasi VAC, konsentrasi kontaminan mencapai 5 kali nilai batas yang diijinkan. Kontaminasi udara turun menjadi di bawah nilai ambang, setelah VAC hidup selama 0,8 jam. Sedangkan nilai konsentrasi kontaminan sama dengan udara luar dicapai setelah VAC dioperasikan selama 1 jam. INFLUENCE OF VAC OFF GAS TO AIR CONTAMINATION IN RADIOACTIVE WASTE INSTALATION AT PTLR BATAN SERPONG. Measurement of air contamination has been conducted to evaluate its distribution in the building of radioactive waste treatment installation. Samples were taken in various time from zone-1, zone-2, and zone-3 of the building when VAC off gas system was on and off. The samples were taken from air in the building and measured using  /  activity counter. The research result show that as VAC off gas turned off then gas concentration will be increasing. When VAC was not operated in 64 hours (weekend holidays) air contamination reached 3,6 time higher than its permission limit. More over, in 88 hours without VAC operation gas concentration reached 5 times higher than permitted limit. Air contamination reduced to below permitted limit after 0,8 hour of VAC operation and it reached same level with gas concentration in external air after 1 hour of VAC operation.
KONSENTRASI GAS RADON DI PERMUKAAN TANAH DI DAERAH PPTN SERPONG DAN PUSPIPTEK Terima Ginting; budi Hari
Buletin Limbah Vol 8, No 2 (2004): 2004
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Pengukuran konsentrasi radon dipermukaan tanah di daerah PPTN dan Puspiptek Serpong telah dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui konsentrasi radon di permukaan tanah di daerah PPTN dan Puspiptek Serpong. Pengukuran konsentrasi aktivitas gas radon dilakukan pada pagi hari (jam 6.00-7.00) dan siang hari (jam 12.00-13.00). Hasil yang diperoleh konsentrasi gas radon rerata di permukaan tanah di daerah PPTN pada pagi hari sebesar 538.50 Bq/m3 dan pada siang hari (jam 12.oo-13.oo) sebesar 749.25 Bq/m3 , sedangkan di daerah Puspiptek pada pagi hari (jam 6.00-7.00) rerata sebesar 705.08 Bq/m3 dan pada siang hari rerata sebesar 783.61 Bq/m3. Konsentrasi gas radon di permukaan tanah di daerah PPTN Serpong untuk stasiun RO1, RO2, RO3, RO4 dan di daerah Puspiptek di stasiun PO1, PO2, PO3 rendah pada pagi hari tinggi pada siang hari, kecuali di stasion PO2 di daerah Puspiptek pagi hari lebih tinggi daripada siang hari. Konsentrasi gas radon di permukaan tanah di daerah PPTN tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata dengan daerah Puspiptek dan berbeda nyata dengan daerah Cepu, Cirebon, Prabumulih pada taraf kepercayaan 90%. Investigation time was done in the morning and the afternoon. The results of average radon gas concentrations in surface soil at the PPTN Serpong areas in the morning was 538.50 Bq/m3 and in the afternoon was 749.25 Bq/m3. At the Puspiptek area in the morning was 705.08 Bq/m3 and in the afternoon was 783.61 Bq/m3. The radon gas concentrations in surface soil for RO1, RO2, RO3, RO4 stations at the PPTN Serpong and for PO1, PO3, PO4 stations at the Puspiptek areas in the morning more smaller if compared to the afternoon, except for PO2 station at the Puspiptek areas in the morning more bigger if compared to the afternoon. The averages radon gas concentrations in surface soil at the PPTN Serpong areas if compared to the Puspiptek areas is not difference, and significant difference if compared to the other areas like Cepu areas, Prabumulih areas, Cirebon
DATA HASIL PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF DI PUSAT TEKNOLOGI LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF SAMPAI DENGAN TAHUN 2007 Ayi Muzayati
Buletin Limbah Vol 12, No 1 (2008): Tahun 2008
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DATA HASIL PENGELOLAAN LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF DI PUSAT TEKNOLOGI LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF SAMPAI DENGAN TAHUN 2007. Menurut Undang-Undang No. 10 Tahun 1997 tentang ketenaganukliran, pelaksanaan pengelolaan limbah radioaktif dilakukan oleh Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN), dan selanjutnya melalui Peraturan Kepala BATAN No. 123/KA/VIII/2007 tentang Rincian Tugas Unit Kerja di Lingkungan BATAN, tugas pokok Pusat Teknologi Limbah Radioaktif (PTLR) adalah melaksanakan pengelolaan limbah radioaktif. Pelaksanaan kegiatan tersebut memerlukan data limbah radioaktif sebagai acuan untuk tindak lanjut pengolahannya maupun untuk pemantauan kondisi limbah pada penyimpanannya, agar aman bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Data limbah radioaktif diperoleh dengan mengumpulkan formulir lembar isian pengelolaan limbah kemudian mencatatnya dalam log book dan dibuat data base-nya dalam program excell sesuai dengan jenis limbahnya sehingga didapatkan rekapan data limbah sesuai dengan jenisnya. Sampai dengan tahun 2007 limbah radioaktif yang dikelola oleh PTLR terdiri dari limbah konsentrat yang disementasi dalam shell beton 950 L berjumlah 19 buah, limbah semi cair yang disementasi dalam shell beton 950 L berjumlah 64 buah, limbah padat dalam drum 200 L hasil pengolahan secara kompaksi berjumlah 291 buah, limbah padat dalam drum 200 L hasil pengolahan sementasi langsung berjumlah 352 buah, shell drum 200 L yang berisi LTSS (Long Term Shield Storage) hasil kondisioning sumber bekas radium berjumlah 11 buah, sumber bekas non radium yang diterima oleh PTLR berjumlah 558 buah, shell drum 200 L berisi sumber bekas berjumlah 19 buah, penangkal petir yang diterima berjumlah 63 buah, dan sumber bekas jarum radium yang diterima berjumlah 464 buah. DATA OF RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGED BY RADIOACTIVE WASTE TECHNOLOGY CENTER UNTIL 2007. Based on the State Rules No. 10/1997 about nuclear energy, the treatment process of radioactive waste has been conducted at National Nuclear Energy Agency, as follow up by the decree of BATAN Chairman No. 123/KA/VIII/2007, one of RWTC task is to manage the radioactive waste. This activity needs data of radioactive waste as base for handling process and control of waste condition in storage according to the safety for humans and environment. This activity was done by collecting data form sheets of waste management then written in the log book and made the data base in excell programme according to waste character so a list of waste data was obstained. Data summary of the waste managed by RWTC until 2007 are concentrated waste packages from cementation process were 19 concrette shells 950 L, semi liquid waste packages from cementation process were 64 concrette shells 950 L, solid waste packages from compaction process were 291 drums 200 L, solid waste packages from direct cementation process were 352 drums 200 L, LTSS for conditioning radium spent source were 11 shell drums 200 L, non radium spent source were 558 pieces, shell drum 200 L to contain spent source were 19 pieces, lighting rod were 63 pieces, and radium spent source were 464 pieces.
ANALYSIS OF RADIONUCLIDE IN SURFACE SOIL SAMPLE Chevy Cahyana
Buletin Limbah Vol 11, No 1 (2007): Tahun 2007
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Radioactive effluent that released to environment may influence the population externally and internally. In order to protect population from the impact of radiation hazard, environmental radionuclide concentration must be monitored periodically. Analysis of radionuclide in surface soil sample is one of the environmental radionuclide monitoring programs task. Analyze of radionuclide that contain in surface soil sample from Higashi Ishikawa sampling point have been done. The analysis results show insignificant difference compared with theoretical estimations and the average of JAEA’s previous data. Radioactive effluent may be discharge to either the atmospheric or the aquatic environment. Radionuclide discharged to the atmosphere is dispersed due to normal atmospheric mixing processes. As they travel downwind, they irradiate the population externally and internally, the latter due to the inhalation of radionuclide from atmosphere. During their transport downwind radionuclide may be deposited from the atmosphere by impaction with the underlying surface or due to rain fall. This transfer onto land surface may lead to further irradiation of people by three important routes: external irradiation from deposited activity, internal irradiation from inhalation of re-suspended activity and ingestion of contaminated food. Liquid radioactive effluent may be discharged to fresh water (principally rivers), estuaries or marine environment. Radionuclide discharged to river is dispersed due to general water movement and sedimentation processes. The principal routes leading to the irradiation of people are external irradiation from sediment and internal irradiation due to ingestion of drinking water and food derived from the river, water used for irrigation of crops and pasture [1]. Man-made radionuclide was released into the environment trough nuclear weapons testing during the 1950’s and 1960’s mainly. The maximum annual deposition of 90Sr and 137Cs were recorded in 1963. After that the deposition of radionuclide from atmosphere decreased, however, most radionuclide that were deposit on land has been retained in surface soil layers. Obtaining the migration rates of radionuclide in the surface soils layer and the transfer factor of the radionuclide from soils to the crops are very important for radiation dose estimation [2]. Environment and peoples must be protected from the impact of radiation hazard. For this reason, environmental radionuclide concentration must be monitored periodically. Radionuclide that contained in atmosphere, surface soil, river water, food stuff, seawater, etc. can be known by some analytical methods and procedures. Sampling for surface soils and food stuffs (leafy vegetables, polished rice and milk) were done at observation area and reference area. Observation area is monitoring area under five kilometers radius from JAEA nuclear facilities. Reference area is area outside of observation area that monitored in order to take comparing data. Sampling for near shore seawater was done at four sampling points. Two sampling points are located at north from JAEA, i.e. Kujihama (6.5 km) and Toyoura (23 km). Two others sampling points are located at south from JAEA, i.e. Ajigaura (6.5 km) and Otake (27.5 km). Sampling for offshore seawater and seabed sediment were done using Seikai monitoring ship. Seafood stuff is bought from fisherman. On this paper, discussion is limited on analysis of radionuclide in surface soil sample from Higashi Ishikawa sampling point. Surface soil sample from Higashi Ishikawa sampling point have been analyzed. There are three analytical methods for analysis of radionuclide in surface soil sample, i.e. gamma spectrometry analysis for 137Cs, oxalate precipitation for 90Sr analysis and ion exchange for 239,240Pu analysis. The analysis results are compared with JAEA’s previous data and also compared with theoretical estimation using data from UNSCEAR 2000 REPORT [3].
MODEL HIDRODINAMIKA LAUT Chevy Cahyana
Buletin Limbah Vol 9, No 2 (2005): Tahun 2005
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Model hidrodinamika sangat penting untuk mensimulasikan pola gerak air laut secara global. Model hidrodinamika dalam air laut dapat digunakan untuk mengkaji disipasi panas di laut, sebaran radionuklida yang terlepas ke badan air laut serta untuk pengkajian klimatologi laut. Berbagai program komputer dengan menggunakan model hidrodinamika telah dikembangkan untuk berbagai keperluan pemodelan berbagai gejala fisika yang terjadi di laut , antara lain Princeton Ocean Model (POM), Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) dan Surface water Modeling System (SMS). Program-program komputer tersebut telah diimplementasikan untuk berbagai studi kelautan. Hasil yang diperoleh tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan data hasil pengamatan. Hydrodynamic model is very important for simulate global oceanic circulation. Hydrodynamic model on oceanic system can be used for assess heat dissipation, dispersion of radionuclide that released to the ocean water, and for ocean climate study. Various computer codes have been developed to simulate many kinds of physical behavior on ocean, i.e., Princeton Ocean Model (POM), Oceanic General Circulation Model (OGCM) and Surface water Modeling System (SMS). These computer codes have been implemented for ocean behavior study. The results show insignificant difference compared with observation data.
APLIKASI XRF UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI LEMPUNG PADA KEGIATAN PENYIMPANAN LESTARI LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF Teddy Sumantry
Buletin Limbah Vol 13, No 2 (2009): Tahun 2009
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APLIKASI XRF UNTUK IDENTIFIKASI LEMPUNG PADA KEGIATAN PENYIAPAN PENYIMPANAN LESTARI LIMBAH RADIOAKTIF. X Ray Fluorescence ( XRF) telah lama dikenal sebagai instrumen untuk menganalisis sampel dari lingkungan, sampel biologi atau sampel-sampel dari dunia industri. Jika dibandingkan dengan Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ( AAS ) atau Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy ( ICPS ), XRF mempunyai banyak keuntungannya seperti : analisis tidak merusak, multi elemen, cepat dan murah Tujuan makalah ini adalah menginformasikan XRF merupakan salah satu instrumen untuk identifikasi lempung pada kegiatan penyiapan PLLR. Metode yang digunakan adalah sistem spektroskopi sinar pendar ( XRF ) yang menggunakan detektor SiLi. Untuk unsur Fe dan Ti dalam lempung dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan sumber eksitasi Am-241 sedangkan untuk unsur Si, Ca, Al dan Mg dengan menggunakan sumber eksitasi Fe-55. XRF dapat dipakai untuk identifikasi lempung ( Clay ) baik secara kualitatif maupun secara kuantitatif pada kegiatan penyiapan penyimpanan lestari limbah radioaktif. APLICATION OF X RAY FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY FOR CLAY IDENTIFY ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL PREPARATION. X Ray Fluorescence has long been recognized powerful technique for quantitative and qualitative elemental analysis of environmental, biological or industrial samples. Compared to other competitive techniques, such as Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy ( AAS) or Iductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy ( ICPS). X Ray Fluorescence ( XRF) has the advantage of being nondestructive, multi-element, fast and cost effective. Objective of the paper is to inform that XRF one of instrument to support for clay selection on radioactive waste disposal preparation. Metode is used XRF spectroscopy with SiLi detector. For Ti and Fe element of clay is using a radioisotope Am-241 excitation source and for Si, Ca, Al and Mg element of clay is using a radioisotop Fe-55 excitation source. So that XRF can be used for identification of clay selection on radioactive waste disposal preparation in quntitative or qualitative analisysis
PERSONAL DOSE DATABASE SOFTWARE FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE Chevy Cahyana
Buletin Limbah Vol 9, No 1 (2005): Tahun 2005
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PERSONAL DOSE DATABASE SOFTWARE FOR EXTERNAL EXPOSURE. The ERDBase software for external radiation dose database has been made using Borland Delphi 5.0 programming language. The software is proven to be efficient in utilizing memory. It has been tested for workers in the Safety and Environment Division of the Radioactive Waste Management Development Center. Using this software, one can save a large memory and increase service quality in personal dose management.
PRARANCANGAN SISTEM PEMANTAUAN DOSIS EKSTERNAL PERORANGAN PEKERJA RADIASI PLTN Sri Widayati; Yanni Andriani; Elfida Elfida
Buletin Limbah Vol 12, No 2 (2008): Tahun 2008
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PRARANCANGAN SISTEM PEMANTAUAN DOSIS EKSTERNAL PERORANGAN PEKERJA RADIASI PLTN. Telah dilakukan kajian mengenai prarancangan sistem pemantauan dosis radiasi eksternal untuk pekerja radiasi di Pusat Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN). Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk memperoleh rancangan awal sistem dosimetri perorangan untuk radiasi eksternal pada pengoperasian sebuah PLTN. Kajian ini meliputi sumber radiasi, klasifikasi pekerja radiasi dan prarancangan sistem dosimeter untuk kondisi normal dan kecelakaan. Sistem pemantauan dosis eksternal perorangan PLTN menggunakan dosimeter perorangan baik untuk kondisi operasi normal maupun kondisi kecelakaan yang dipakai oleh pekerja radiasi. Kriteria pemilihan dosimeter perorangan mempertimbangkan antara lain: kepekaan, rentang dosis yang dideteksi, ketergantungan energi, respon dosimeter terhadap arah radiasi datang, ketepatan dan ketelitian, metode pemrosesan, metode evaluasi dosis, pengaruh terhadap mekanik, kenyamanan dalam penggunaan dan faktor ekonomi. Di dalam badge dosimeter perorangan kondisi normal hendaknya sudah terkandung di dalamnya unit dosimeter aktivasi untuk kondisi kecelakaan (dosimeter kekritisan). Periode pemantauan dosis eksternal perorangan dapat dilakukan dalam 2 minggu sampai dengan 3 bulan bergantung potensi paparan pekerjaan (occupational exposure) perorangan. PREDESIGN OF PERSONNEL EXTERNAL DOSE MONITORING SYSTEM FOR A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT. Predesign of personnel external dose monitoring for radiation workers at nuclear power plant has been studied. The aim of this study is to provide preliminary design for personnel dosimetry system in the operation of a nuclear power plant. The study covers radiation sources, radiation workers classification and predesign of dosimeter system for normal and accident conditions. The monitoring system uses both personnel dosimeter for normal and accident conditions. Criteria for choosing personnel dosimeter such as sensitivities, range of doses, dependency on energy, response to radiation incident, accuracy and precision, process methods, dose evaluation methods, influence of dosimeter to mechanics, safety and economy. A dosimeter badge must contain a dosimeter for normal condition and an activation dosimeter for accident condition (criticality dosimeter). The period of monitoring is between 2 (two) weeks to 3 (three) months depends on potential occupational exposure to the individual.
BEBERAPA ASPEK PENTING PADA STUDI MIGRASI RADIONUKLIDA KE LINGKUNGAN Budi Setiawan
Buletin Limbah Vol 11, No 1 (2007): Tahun 2007
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Penyimpanan limbah radioaktif secara umum dikonotasikan sebagai penempatan paket-paket limbah pada suatu badan batuan, dimana hal ini akan memberikan implikasi adanya kemungkinan berpindahnya radionuklida dari fasilitas penyimpanan ke lingkungan. Untuk itu disekeliling fasilitas penyimpanan diberi suatu sistem penghalang yang berlapis. Adanya sistem penghalang berlapis disekeliling paket limbah dimaksudkan untuk meminimalkan adanya kemungkinan berpindahnya radionuklida dari fasilitas penyimpanan ke lingkungan. Keberhasilan suatu sistem penyimpanan limbah untuk menahan besarnya potensi radionuklida berpindah ke lingkungan merupakan concern dari sistem tersebut. Perpindahan radionuklida ke lingkungan merupakan sesuatu yang tidak diharapkan karena akan menciptakan potensi bahaya bagi lingkungan dan pada khususnya ke manusia. Suatu sistem penghalang dibuat sebagai media untuk mentransformasikan beragam radionuklida untuk meluruh ke bentuk yang lebih stabil sebelum radionuklida tersebut dapat mencapai lingkungan hidup sekitarnya. Amerika yang kebijakan dan teknologi penyimpanan limbah radioaktifnya telah lebih mapan mencontohkan bahwa pengaturan suatu potential site untuk kegunaan penyimpanan limbah radioaktif akan didasarkan pada [1] :
PROGRAM JAMINAN KUALITAS PADA PENGUKURAN RADIONUKLIDA PEMANCAR GAMMA ENERGI RENDAH:RADIONUKLIDA Pb-210 Arief Goeritno
Buletin Limbah Vol 8, No 1 (2004): 2004
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Telah dilakukan kegiatan peningkatan kinerja terhadap pengukuran Pb-210 untuk program jaminan kualitas pengukuran radionuklida pemancar gamma energi rendah. Peningkatan kinerja tersebut,adalah kalibrasi dan pengukuran Certified Reference Material (CRM). Hasilkegiatan yang diperoleh berupa: (i) pengukuran Pb-210 menggunakanspektrometer gamma energi rendah; (ii) kalibrasi spektrometer gamma energi rendah; dan (iii) pengukuran Pb-210 pada CRM. Mengacu ke hasil kegiatan tersebut dapat disimpulkan, bahwa (i) pada sumber titik tidak dipengaruhi oleh fenomena self absorption; (ii) terdapat korelasi yang cukup besar antara nomor salur dan energi dan hasil pengukuran berada pada garis model pada kurva kalibrasi energi dan efesiensi; dan (iii) hasil pengukuran Pb-210 pada CRM mempunyai perbedaan 1,5% dari nilai yang tercantum di dalam sertifikat. The performance raising activity have been done against the Pb-210 measuring for the quality assurance program of the measuring onthe low energy gamma-ray (g-ray) radionuclide, the Pb-210 radionuclide.The raising of performance, namely calibration and meauring of the Certified Reference Material (CRM). The result of activity has gotten, namely (i) measuring of Pb-210 using the low energy gamma spectrometer, (ii) calibration of the low energy gamma spectrometer, and (iii) meassuring of PB-210 on CRM. Base on the result of activity can get the conclusion,