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Academia Open
Published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo
ISSN : -     EISSN : 27147444     DOI : 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.12985
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
Academia Open is published by Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo published 2 (two) issues per year (June and December). This journal provides immediate open access to its content on the principle that making research freely available to the public supports a greater global exchange of knowledge. This journal aims is to provide a place for academics and practitioners to publish original research and review articles. The articles basically contains any topics research or review. Academia Open is available in online version. Language used in this journal is Indonesia or English.
Arjuna Subject : Profesi Kesehatan - Profesi Kesehatan (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,389 Documents
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The Importance of Endolymphatic Administration of Drugs In The Treatment of Persistent Postoperative Peritoniti Ashurmetov A.M.; Usarov A.M.; Fayziyev Y.N.
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13140

Abstract

Persistent postoperative peritonitis remains a major challenge in abdominal surgery due to high rates of septic complications, antimicrobial resistance, and insufficient drug concentrations at the site of inflammation, making optimization of regional drug delivery clinically relevant. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and immunological effectiveness of endolymphatic drug administration in the comprehensive treatment of appendicular peritonitis. A retrospective and comparative clinical study was conducted on 66 patients with appendicular peritonitis treated in surgical departments of Tashkent city clinics, divided into a main group receiving endolymphatic therapy and a control group managed with conventional treatment. Clinical severity scores, biochemical parameters, intoxication indices, and immunological markers were analyzed using non-parametric statistical methods. The results demonstrate that endolymphatic drug administration achieved higher local therapeutic concentrations, significantly improved lymphocyte subpopulations, enhanced humoral immunity indicators, reduced endogenous intoxication, and accelerated recovery compared with standard therapy. Unlike prior studies that focused primarily on systemic antibiotic regimens, this research provides empirical evidence on the immunomodulatory and detoxifying advantages of targeted endolymphatic therapy in postoperative peritonitis. These findings contribute to the theoretical understanding of lymphatic system involvement in inflammatory control and support practical and policy-oriented implications for integrating endolymphatic drug administration into surgical infection management protocols to reduce complications and improve patient outcomes.Keywords : Endolymphatic antibiotic therapy, appendicular peritonitis, immunomodulation, lymphatic drug delivery, surgical sepsis prevention, postoperative complicationsHighlight : Endolymphatic therapy increases total T-lymphocytes 1.41-fold and improves immunoglobulin levels significantly. Neutrophil phagocytic activity rises 1.68-fold in treated patients versus minimal improvement in controls. The intervention normalizes microcirculation and enhances lymph transport into bloodstream effectively.
Endolymphatic Drug Delivery Improves Outcomes in Persistent Postoperative Peritonitis Usarov A.M.; Ashurmetov A.M.; Fayziyev Y.N.
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13141

Abstract

Postoperative peritonitis remains a critical challenge in contemporary surgery, with persistent complications despite conventional antibiotic therapy leading to increased mortality and prolonged recovery periods. This study investigates the therapeutic efficacy of direct endolymphatic drug therapy (TTBET) in managing persistent postoperative peritonitis following acute appendicitis. The research examined 66 patients with appendicular peritonitis treated in Tashkent surgical clinics, divided into a main group receiving endolymphatic therapy via catheterized peripheral lymphatic vessels (n=36) and a control group receiving conventional treatment (n=30). Immunological parameters including T-lymphocytes, B-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM), and neutrophil phagocytic activity were measured at baseline and day 14 post-treatment using standardized biochemical and immunological assays. Results demonstrated statistically significant improvements in the endolymphatic therapy group, with T-lymphocyte counts increasing 1.41-fold compared to controls (p=0.0022), IgG levels rising 1.7-fold versus 1.49-fold in controls, and neutrophil phagocytic activity improving 1.68-fold versus negligible change in the control group. This study provides novel evidence that endolymphatic administration achieves superior drug concentration at inflammatory sites while simultaneously modulating immune responses through direct lymphatic system engagement. The findings suggest endolymphatic therapy represents a pathogenetically sound approach for managing persistent peritonitis, offering reduced antibiotic doses, enhanced immunological recovery, and improved clinical outcomes, warranting broader clinical implementation in surgical infection management protocols.Keywords : Endolymphatic Drug Administration, Postoperative Peritonitis Management, Lymphatic System Therapeutics, Immunomodulation Surgical Infections, Regional Antibiotic Delivery, Purulent-Septic ComplicationsHighlight : Endolymphatic therapy significantly increases T-lymphocytes, immunoglobulins IgG/IgM, and neutrophil phagocytic activity Main group shows 1.41-fold T-lymphocyte increase versus minimal improvement in control group Treatment normalizes microcirculation and reduces postoperative complications in appendicular peritonitis patients.
Digital Transformation and ICT Development in Uzbekistan's Digital Economy Saatova Lolakhon Ergashevna
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13142

Abstract

This study examines the development trajectory of information and communication technologies (ICT) and their role in establishing the digital economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan during the transformative period of 2015-2024, a critical phase marked by systematic digital transformation initiatives under national strategic frameworks. The research aims to assess the effectiveness of ICT infrastructure development and digital service integration across economic sectors in Uzbekistan's transition toward a digitally-driven economy. Employing comparative economic analysis, systems approach, and observation methods, the study analyzes comprehensive statistical data from the International Telecommunication Union, Open Data Portal of Uzbekistan, and governmental reports, examining key indicators including internet penetration rates, broadband subscriptions, fiber-optic network expansion, mobile internet coverage, and e-government service adoption across banking, industry, agriculture, and education sectors. Empirical findings reveal substantial growth in internet users from 43.6% to 85%, broadband subscribers increasing from 5.2 million to 23 million, fiber-optic networks expanding from 16,000 km to 100,000 km, and electronic public services rising from limited availability to 595 services by 2024, with sector-specific ICT penetration reaching 85% in banking and finance. The novelty lies in providing systematic longitudinal evidence of digital transformation outcomes under the "Digital Uzbekistan-2030" strategy implementation, demonstrating accelerated digitalization post-2020. The findings offer significant implications for policymakers in developing economies pursuing digital transformation, confirming that coordinated state-level ICT infrastructure investments and e-government initiatives effectively establish foundational conditions for sustainable digital economic development and enhanced international competitivenessKeywords : Digital Economy, Information And Communication Technologies, ICT Infrastructure, E-Government Services, Digital Transformation, Broadband PenetrationHighlight : Internet users increased from 43.6% (2015) to 85% (2024) in Uzbekistan Electronic government services expanded from limited offerings to 595 services by 2024 Banking sector digitalization reached 85%, leading all economic sectors by 2024.
Determining Pharmaceutical Product Costs: Scientific and Practical Issues in Uzbekistan Khudaynazarova Dilnoza Gafurovna
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13143

Abstract

This study addresses the scientific and practical challenges of determining finished product costs in pharmaceutical enterprises operating in the Republic of Uzbekistan, a critical issue in the context of economic reforms, stricter state regulation of drug pricing, and the ongoing transition to International Financial Reporting Standards that demand modern cost accounting systems. The research aims to identify deficiencies in current cost determination practices and propose improved methodologies tailored to the unique technological, regulatory, and organizational characteristics of pharmaceutical firms. Employing analytical, comparative, and monographic methods, the study examines actual accounting records and internal management reports from pharmaceutical enterprises, with particular attention to cost allocation across supply, production, laboratory testing, and packaging processes, and compares cost structures between imported and domestically manufactured products. Results reveal that material costs dominate the cost structure at approximately 50 percent, while wages and depreciation together account for nearly 30 percent; however, existing reporting practices fail to adequately disclose the distribution of indirect costs across production stages, limiting managerial control effectiveness. The novelty of this research lies in developing context-specific definitions for pharmaceutical business processes and proposing enhanced reporting formats that improve cost transparency and align with international standards. These findings have significant implications for strengthening management decision-making capabilities, improving financial reporting quality, and facilitating compliance with International Financial Reporting Standards in Uzbekistan's pharmaceutical sector.Keywords : Pharmaceutical Costing, Cost Allocation Methods, Financial Reporting Transparency, Indirect Cost Distribution, International Accounting Standards, Production Cost StructureHighlight : Material costs dominate pharmaceutical product costs, averaging 50 percent of total expenses. Current reporting inadequately discloses indirect cost allocation across production stages and functions. Study introduces simplified definitions and enhanced formats improving cost transparency and managerial control.
The Organic Interrelation Between Legal Requirements and Citizens’ Moral Responsibility in the Electoral Process Dadajonova Feruza Abduaziz Qizi
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13144

Abstract

This study investigates the interdependent relationship between legal regulation and citizens' moral responsibility in electoral processes, addressing the critical challenge that formal electoral laws alone cannot guarantee democratic legitimacy without corresponding ethical engagement from the electorate. The research aims to theoretically and practically substantiate how legal requirements and moral consciousness function as mutually reinforcing mechanisms in ensuring free, fair, and transparent elections. Employing a comprehensive methodological framework, the study integrates comparative analysis of legal systems, structural-functional approaches to electoral institutions, content analysis of legislative documents and academic literature, and sociological observation of civic behavior patterns during electoral processes. The analysis reveals that while legal norms provide essential procedural frameworks—including voting freedom, equality principles, and transparency mechanisms—their effectiveness critically depends on citizens' internalization of ethical values such as integrity, civic duty, responsibility, fairness, and political awareness. The principal finding demonstrates that electoral violations including corruption, vote-selling, and manipulation primarily stem from insufficient moral responsibility rather than legislative deficiencies, even in contexts with advanced electoral codes and technological safeguards. The novelty of this research lies in its systematic integration of legal and socio-ethical dimensions within electoral analysis, challenging purely normative approaches by establishing electoral culture as a key socio-legal factor bridging formal regulation and civic ethics. The study's implications extend to democratic governance theory and electoral reform policy, recommending continuous electoral education systems, enhanced digital civic outreach, strengthened public oversight mechanisms, and youth engagement strategies to cultivate the moral consciousness necessary for sustainable democratic institutionsKeywords : Electoral Legitimacy, Civic Morality, Legal-Ethical Complementarity, Democratic Governance, Political CultureHighlight : Legal norms require moral responsibility to prevent electoral violations like corruption and manipulation. Citizens' ethical awareness directly determines transparency, fairness, and legitimacy of democratic elections. Electoral culture integrating legal consciousness and civic duty strengthens public trust in institutions.
The Urgency of Registering Marriage for Men During the Syibhul 'Iddah Period Based on the Theory of Maʿālāt al-Afʿāl : Urgensi Pencatatan Nikah Lelaki Dalam Masa Syibhul ‘Iddah Berdasar Teori Maʿālāt al-Afʿāl Muhammad Subhan; Nelli Jumni
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13146

Abstract

General Background: Marriage registration constitutes a fundamental component of Islamic family law and national legal administration, particularly in regulating post-divorce marital status and preventing social disorder. Specific Background: In Indonesia, debates arise concerning men who intend to remarry while their former wives are still in the ʿiddah period, a condition described as syibhul ‘iddah, especially following the Circular Letter of the Director General of Islamic Community Guidance No. P-005/DJ.III/HK.00.7/10/2021. Knowledge Gap: Although classical fiqh strictly regulates women’s ʿiddah, no explicit sharʿi prohibition governs men outside specific maniʿ syarʿi cases, creating a normative and administrative vacuum regarding male marriage registration during syibhul ‘iddah. Aims: This study examines the urgency and juridical basis for registering marriages of men in the syibhul ‘iddah condition through the theory of Maʿālāt al-Afʿāl and a maqāṣid al-sharīʿah approach. Results: Using normative qualitative analysis, the findings indicate that Maʿālāt al-Afʿāl permits administrative discretion when dominant maslahat is evident and potential mafsadat—such as unregistered marriage, social conflict, or moral transgression—can be prevented, provided careful verification procedures are applied. Novelty: The study demonstrates how Maʿālāt al-Afʿāl functions as a doctrinal framework to legitimize contextual administrative reinterpretation without contravening Islamic law or the national legal system. Implications: Adaptive policy formulation grounded in maqāṣid al-sharīʿah may reconcile Islamic jurisprudence and positive law, ensuring legal certainty, social order, and prevention of greater harm in specific divorce cases. Highlights: Administrative discretion may be justified when dominant maslahat outweighs potential mafsadat in specific divorce contexts. Normative analysis confirms no explicit sharʿi prohibition for men outside defined maniʿ syarʿi situations. Policy adaptation can align jurisprudential objectives with national legal administration through careful verification mechanisms. Keywords: Male Mattiage Registration, Syibhul ‘Iddah, Theory of Maʿālāt Al-Afʿāl
Utilizing Integrated Marketing Strategies to Enhance the Competitiveness of Higher Education Institutions Shakhlo Raupovna Ruziyeva
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13147

Abstract

The intensifying competition in the global higher education market has compelled higher education institutions to move beyond traditional promotional practices and adopt integrated marketing strategies that address credibility, differentiation, and stakeholder expectations. This study aims to examine how integrated marketing strategies, combining the traditional marketing mix with public trust and strategic partnerships, contribute to enhancing the competitiveness of higher education institutions. The research employed a mixed-methods design using survey data collected from 146 respondents, including students, parents, and administrative staff from higher education institutions in the Bukhara region. The data were analyzed systematically through SWOT and STEPLED frameworks to capture internal capabilities and external environmental dynamics influencing institutional competitiveness. The findings demonstrate that integrated marketing strategies significantly strengthen institutional competitiveness by improving brand image, reinforcing public trust, and supporting sustainable strategic positioning. Digital marketing adoption, alumni engagement, and inter-institutional partnerships emerged as key drivers of competitive advantage, while limitations in professional marketing capacity and financial resources remained critical challenges. The novelty of this study lies in empirically integrating public trust and strategic partnerships into the classical marketing mix within a unified analytical model tailored to a transitional higher education context. The results provide theoretical contributions to higher education marketing literature and offer practical and policy-relevant implications for university leaders seeking to design evidence-based, sustainable marketing strategies that enhance competitiveness in both regional and international higher education markets.Keywords : Integrated Higher Education Marketing, Institutional Competitiveness, Public Trust Governance, Strategic University Partnerships, Institutional Brand ReputationHighlight : Integrated marketing, public trust, and partnerships jointly strengthen higher education institutional competitiveness. Brand image and public trust directly shape stakeholder perceptions and student choice decisions. Digital marketing adoption and strategic partnerships consistently improve institutional positioning in competitive education markets.
Perceived Quality Of Building Permit Services And Local User Charges In Malinau: Persepsi Kualitas Pelayanan Izin Mendirikan Bangunan Dan Retribusi Daerah Di Kabupaten Malinau Aswin Anasis Palete; Riswanda Riswanda; Agus Susanto
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13149

Abstract

General Background: Local governments rely on building permit services as part of public administration and local own-source revenue management. Specific Background: In Malinau Regency, the One-Stop Investment and Integrated Services Office administers Building Permit (IMB) services that remain administratively relevant during the transition toward new licensing arrangements. Knowledge Gap: Previous studies largely assess service quality or revenue performance separately, with limited descriptive integration of user perceptions and IMB user charge trends in frontier regions. Aims: This study aims to describe public perceptions of IMB service quality and examine its descriptive linkage with IMB user charge performance as a component of local revenue. Results: Using a SERVQUAL-based survey of 41 IMB service users and administrative data from 2017–2023, findings indicate that perceived IMB service quality is categorized as good, with an overall index score of 78.96%, while several indicators related to timeliness, information clarity, and procedural consistency remain less optimal. Administrative records show fluctuating IMB user charge realization across years. Novelty: This study offers a contextual descriptive profile combining service quality perceptions and revenue trends in a frontier local government during the final implementation phase of IMB. Implications: The findings provide an empirical basis for service improvement strategies in permit administration and support more accountable local revenue governance without asserting causal relationships. Highlights • IMB service quality in Malinau is perceived as good across SERVQUAL dimensions• Service indicators related to timeliness and information remain less optimal• IMB user charge realization shows notable annual fluctuations Keywords Service Quality; SERVQUAL; Building Permit; Local User Charges; Local Revenue
Exploiting Klebsiella pneumoniae Arginine Deiminase: Purification, Characterization, and Selective Anticancer Activity Jawad N. K. Makassees
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13152

Abstract

General Background: Arginine deiminase (ADI) represents a promising therapeutic enzyme for treating arginine-auxotrophic cancers by catalyzing L-arginine conversion to citrulline and ammonia, exploiting the metabolic vulnerability of cancer cells deficient in arginosuccinate synthetase (ASS). Specific Background: Colorectal cancer, ranking second in mortality and third in global incidence, demonstrates heterogeneous arginine metabolism with certain tumor subtypes exhibiting impaired ASS expression, rendering them susceptible to arginine deprivation therapy. Knowledge Gap: Despite ADI's therapeutic potential, comprehensive characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae-derived ADI and its selective cytotoxicity against colorectal cancer remains insufficiently explored. Aims: This study isolated, purified, and characterized ADI from clinically isolated K. pneumoniae strains and evaluated its selective anticancer activity against HCT-116 colorectal cancer cells versus NCM460 normal colon cells. Results: Isolate No. 5 demonstrated optimal ADI production (12 U/mg), achieving 11-fold purification through three-step chromatographic procedures yielding 32.9 U/mg specific activity with 40.9% recovery; optimal enzymatic performance occurred at pH 7 and 37°C, with Mn²⁺ and Fe³⁺ enhancing activity (120% and 105% respectively) while EDTA inhibited it (73%), confirming metalloenzyme properties; cytotoxicity assays revealed selective anticancer activity with IC₅₀ values of 390 µg/mL against HCT-116 cells and >800 µg/mL against NCM460 cells, demonstrating 2.3-fold selectivity. Novelty: This investigation provides the first comprehensive biochemical characterization of K. pneumoniae-derived ADI with demonstrated selective cytotoxicity parameters specifically targeting colorectal cancer. Implications: These findings establish K. pneumoniae ADI as a promising selective therapeutic candidate for colorectal cancer treatment, warranting further development including PEGylation strategies and combination therapy investigations.Keywords : Arginine Deiminase, Klebsiella Pneumoniae, Enzyme Purification, Colorectal Cancer, CytotoxicityHighlight : Enzyme achieved 11-fold purification yielding 32.9 U/mg through three-step protocol. Optimal activity occurred at pH 7 and 37°C with metalloenzyme characteristics. HCT-116 cancer cells showed 2.3-fold greater sensitivity than normal colon cells.
Helicobacter pylori Infection: From Pathogenesis to Clinical Management Noor Adnan Mahmood; Olfat Raouf Mahmoud; Lubna Arkan Younis
Academia Open Vol. 11 No. 1 (2026): June
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Sidoarjo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21070/acopen.11.2026.13153

Abstract

General Background: Helicobacter pylori represents a gram-negative bacterium colonizing gastric mucosa in approximately half of the global population, recognized as the primary causative agent of chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer disease, gastric cancer, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma. Specific Background: The bacterium employs sophisticated virulence factors including cytotoxin-associated gene A and vacuolating cytotoxin A to establish chronic infection, triggering persistent inflammatory responses that progress through atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia, and dysplasia toward malignancy. Knowledge Gap: Despite advances in understanding pathogenesis and treatment protocols, escalating antibiotic resistance threatens conventional eradication strategies, necessitating comprehensive evaluation of current diagnostic approaches and therapeutic interventions. Aims: This review systematically examines the microbiology, pathogenesis, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, and treatment strategies for H. pylori infection, with particular emphasis on antibiotic resistance patterns. Results: Evidence demonstrates that bismuth-based quadruple therapy achieves 80-90% eradication rates even in clarithromycin-resistant regions, while H. pylori eradication significantly reduces gastric cancer risk when implemented before precancerous lesion development. Novelty: The analysis integrates molecular resistance mechanisms with population-based epidemiological patterns to inform personalized treatment selection. Implications: Sustained multidisciplinary collaboration remains essential for developing novel antibiotics, rapid susceptibility testing, and effective vaccines to reduce global H. pylori disease burden.Keywords : Helicobacter Pylori, Gastric Cancer, Peptic Ulcer Disease, Antibiotic Resistance, Diagnostic MethodsHighlight : Bacterium infects approximately 4.4 billion individuals worldwide with varying regional prevalence rates. Clarithromycin resistance reaches 50% in some regions, reducing triple therapy effectiveness significantly. Early eradication prevents gastric cancer progression when administered before precancerous lesion onset.

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