Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances natural sciences, agriculture, and technology through high-quality quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. The journal prioritizes methodological transparency, scholarly relevance, and contributions that strengthen scientific knowledge and applied innovation. • Natural Sciences: promote robust research that advances knowledge in core scientific fields and their applications. • Agricultural Development: support scholarship that strengthens agriculture, food systems, environmental sustainability, and rural productivity. • Scientific Methods: welcome research using quantitative, qualitative, or combined approaches, provided the design and analysis are clearly justified. • Technology and Application: encourage work that connects scientific findings to technological innovation, practical implementation, and real-world problem-solving. Submissions should clearly state the research problem, explain the methodological approach transparently, present defensible evidence, and demonstrate a meaningful contribution to science, technology, and/or agriculture. Scope KIJST welcomes articles in natural sciences, agriculture, and related scientific fields. The journal accepts research employing surveys, experiments, content analysis, observation, interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis, and other acceptable approaches, provided the analytic logic is rigorous and clearly reported. • Natural Sciences: physics, biology, chemistry, and related scientific disciplines. • Agriculture: soil science, animal husbandry, crop protection, fisheries, and allied agricultural studies. • Life and Environmental Sciences: ecology, environmental science, biological systems, and applied natural-science research. • Technology and Applied Science: scientific and technological studies with clear practical, industrial, environmental, or agricultural relevance. • Interdisciplinary Research: studies bridging science, agriculture, and technology to address complex societal, environmental, or development-related issues. Priority is given to original research articles that contribute clearly to the body of knowledge, demonstrate appropriate methodological rigor, and offer implications for scientific advancement, agricultural improvement, or technological application.
Articles
101 Documents
<![CDATA[Deforestation Monitoring and Carbon Sequestration Remote Sensing Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdulrashid Sabo]]>;
<![CDATA[Auwal Garba]]>;
<![CDATA[Upah Prince Godwin]]>;
<![CDATA[Iliyasu Yusuf Dangauda]]>;
<![CDATA[Zainab Tijjani Yero]]>;
<![CDATA[Augustine David]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7488
<![CDATA[Management regimes and geographical variations in potential forest productivity significantly influence the dynamics of carbon sources and sinks. Spatially explicit data on land cover, stand age class, and harvesting practices can be effectively acquired through satellite remote sensing. When combined with regional climate records, carbon-cycle process models can estimate potential production rates and associated decomposition processes. This integration of remote sensing and modeling enables the generation of spatially explicit information on carbon storage and flux. Using this approach, carbon flow between 1992 and 1997 was analyzed across two 165 km² regions in western Oregon: the West Cascades and the Coast Range. The West Cascades study area, predominantly composed of less-productive public lands, experienced minimal harvesting during the 1990s, with only 1% of its land base harvested between 1991 and 2000. In contrast, the Coast Range study area, largely managed for timber production on private lands, saw 17% of its land base harvested during the same period. Despite hosting a substantial proportion of young, highly productive stands that acted as carbon sinks, the Coast Range's mean annual harvest removals exceeded its mean annual net ecosystem production. Conversely, the West Cascades region functioned as a net carbon sink. The spatially and temporally explicit nature of this integrated approach allows for detailed identification of the mechanisms driving carbon flux across forested landscapes.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of Some Selected Pesticide Residues and Associated Soils from Six Farming Communities of Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Usaku Reuben]]>;
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Hope]]>;
<![CDATA[Dowell B. Farimani]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7545
<![CDATA[This study assessed the concentrations of pesticide residues in leguminous crops and associated soils from six farming communities in Girei Local Government Area, Adamawa State, Nigeria. Sampling was conducted in Tashan Turmi, Wuro Dole, Madugu, Sebere, Bakalci, and Jabi Lamba. Standard analytical procedures were used, with pesticide residue analysis performed using a Gas Chromatograph-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS), Agilent Technologies GC 7890B, MSD 5977A. In legume samples, detected pesticide residues included atrazine (0.93 µg·kg⁻¹), 2,4-D (0.275 µg·kg⁻¹), cypermethrin (0.066 µg·kg⁻¹), and fenitrothion (0.051 µg·kg⁻¹), all of which were below Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). In soil samples, higher concentrations were observed, with 2,4-D at 86.361 µg·kg⁻¹, dimethoate at 1.009 µg·kg⁻¹, alachlor at 3.382 µg·kg⁻¹, and atrazine at 0.857 µg·kg⁻¹. These results indicate moderate environmental contamination due to agrochemical usage, reflecting anthropogenic influence in the agricultural practices of the region. The study underscores the need for regular pesticide monitoring, the adoption of safer agricultural practices, and increased public awareness to ensure food safety and safeguard environmental health.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessment of Heavy Metals and Pesticide Residues in Soils in Adamawa State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Micah Musa Master]]>;
<![CDATA[Usaku Reuben]]>;
<![CDATA[Dowell Bartimaeus Fari]]>;
<![CDATA[Mustapha Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7547
<![CDATA[Pesticides and heavy metals are persistent, non-biodegradable contaminants capable of bioaccumulating through ecological food chains such as soil–plant–food and seawater–marine organism–food pathways. Consequently, accurate monitoring of their concentrations is critical for ensuring environmental and public health safety. This study assessed and monitored the concentrations of heavy metals and pesticide residues in soils from various agricultural sites in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected from Waja, Shashau, Munga, and Garaha Larh in Hong Local Government Area. Heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS), while pesticide residues—specifically organochlorine and organophosphate compounds—were identified and quantified using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). Organochlorine pesticides detected in the soil included Lindane (2.136 mg/kg), Aldrin (1.022 mg/kg), Heptachlor (0.358 mg/kg), and Dieldrin (0.167 mg/kg), all of which exceeded the Codex Maximum Residue Limits (MRLs). Organophosphate pesticides such as Diazinon (6.133 mg/kg), Dichlorvos (0.848 mg/kg), and Chlorpyrifos (0.215 mg/kg) were also detected, with Diazinon and Dichlorvos exceeding MRLs. Heavy metals identified in soil included Copper (0.630–16.77 mg/kg), Zinc (12.183–246 mg/kg), Lead (3.648–9.056 mg/kg), Cadmium (0.563–3.842 mg/kg), and Chromium (1.784–5.378 mg/kg). In several locations, Cadmium concentrations exceeded permissible limits, indicating localized contamination. The high levels of Lindane and other contaminants are likely due to excessive use of agrochemicals and potential pollution of irrigation water. The findings underscore the urgent need for regulated agrochemical usage, improved irrigation practices, and ongoing environmental monitoring to mitigate health and ecological risks.]]>
<![CDATA[Nonlinear Time Series Models with Regime Switching for Inflation Rate in Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Emmanuel Torsen]]>;
<![CDATA[Anne Joel Kwache]]>;
<![CDATA[Abraham Okolo]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdulganiy Gatta Abdullahi]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7548
<![CDATA[Inflation is marked by a decline in the domestic currency’s value and an increase in its exchange rate relative to foreign currencies. In Nigeria, this depreciation of the Naira has occurred alongside periods of rising inflation. Nonlinear time series models are particularly effective in capturing the complex dynamics of financial data, such as inflation rates. This study models Nigeria’s monthly inflation rate using three nonlinear approaches—Logistic Smooth Transition Autoregressive (LSTAR), Self-Excited Threshold Autoregressive (SETAR), and Artificial Neural Networks Time Series (NNETTs)—based on data from the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN), covering the period from January 2005 to August 2023. Nonlinearity tests by Keenan and Tsay reveal that inflation rates between January 2016 and February 2024 follow a threshold nonlinear process, rejecting the null hypothesis of linearity and confirming the presence of structural breaks in the data. Visual inspection of the series further supports this. Among the models, the LSTAR model demonstrates superior performance with the lowest Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), and Mean Square Error (MSE), making it the most effective for modeling the inflation rate. The LSTAR model identifies a critical threshold at 16.46, indicating a regime change in inflation behavior. Forecasts for September 2023 place the inflation rate at 25.42—well above the threshold—signaling that the economy has entered a higher-inflation regime. This trend continues through January 2024. The study concludes that the LSTAR model is a valuable tool for understanding regime-dependent inflation dynamics and recommends its adoption by analysts and policymakers for more accurate forecasting and strategic economic planning.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficiency of Bio-Extracts on Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Watermelon Varieties as Affected by Climatic Changes, Growth, and Yield Parameters at Ardo Kola in 2020 and 2021 ]]>
<![CDATA[Aji P. O]]>;
<![CDATA[Tunwari B. A]]>;
<![CDATA[Madinatu Y]]>;
<![CDATA[Umaru R]]>;
<![CDATA[Olawuyi P. O]]>;
<![CDATA[Yunusa A. Y]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7701
<![CDATA[Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by Acidovorax citrulli, is a highly destructive disease that significantly reduces watermelon yield and quality under favorable environmental conditions. This study assessed the effectiveness of selected bio-extracts (Neem oil, Garlic oil, Jatropha oil, and their combinations) and varietal responses in managing BFB incidence, growth performance, and yield of watermelon in Ardo Kola, Taraba State, during the 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. Field trials were conducted using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Data were collected on disease incidence, number of leaves, and fruit yield. Results showed that Neem oil and Streptomycin treatments significantly reduced BFB incidence compared to the untreated control. Among the tested varieties, Kaolack consistently recorded the highest yield, outperforming Local and Sweet Sangariax varieties. Year-to-year climatic variations influenced both disease severity and yield outcomes; notably, 2021 experienced lower disease incidence and higher yields due to more favorable rainfall distribution and lower humidity. The study concludes that integrating bio-extract applications with strategic varietal selection offers an eco-friendly and effective approach for managing BFB in watermelon production, particularly under variable climatic conditions.]]>
<![CDATA[Analysis of Costs and Return of Groundnut Production (Arachis hypogaea L.) on Household Poverty Alleviation in Southern Part of Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Istifanus T. K]]>;
<![CDATA[Egbeadumah M. O]]>;
<![CDATA[Bulus G]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7703
<![CDATA[This study analyzed the costs and returns associated with groundnut production in the southern part of Taraba State, Nigeria, with the aim of assessing its profitability and identifying production constraints. Data were collected from 177 groundnut farmers using structured questionnaires. Analytical methods included descriptive statistics and gross margin analysis. The results revealed that 66.7% of respondents were male, with a mean age of 41 years, and 58.8% possessed tertiary education. Most farmers (66.1%) had over 10 years of farming experience, and 79.7% cultivated less than 3 hectares of land. Groundnut production was found to be profitable, generating an average gross revenue of ₦248,786.00 and a gross margin of ₦159,865.62 per hectare. The major variable costs were attributed to seeds (29%), transportation (24%), herbicides (19%), labor (14%), fertilizer (10%), and miscellaneous expenses (5%). Key production challenges identified included high interest rates (85.9%), climate change (75.1%), and rising production costs (67.8%). The study concludes that groundnut farming in the region is economically viable. It recommends that the government subsidize critical inputs such as seeds and herbicides, and invest in improved storage infrastructure to reduce post-harvest losses and enhance profitability for smallholder farmers.]]>
<![CDATA[In Vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Camel Urine Lactoferrin ]]>
<![CDATA[K. A. Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[M. S. Jada]]>;
<![CDATA[A. U. Wurochekke]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7706
<![CDATA[Lactoferrin, an iron-binding glycoprotein found in various bodily fluids, is widely recognized for its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. This study evaluates the in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity of lactoferrin isolated from camel urine against selected microbial strains. The purified lactoferrin demonstrated notable antibacterial efficacy, producing zones of inhibition ranging from 12–19 mm against Staphylococcus aureus, 10–16 mm against Bacillus subtilis, and 13–21 mm against Escherichia coli. Additionally, antifungal activity was observed against Candida albicans, with inhibition zones ranging from 11–18 mm. The antimicrobial mechanisms are attributed to iron sequestration and disruption of microbial cell membranes in bacteria, and inhibition of fungal growth via interference with cell wall synthesis and membrane integrity. These findings underscore the potential of camel urine-derived lactoferrin as a natural antimicrobial agent and contribute to the growing body of research exploring its biochemical and therapeutic properties.]]>
<![CDATA[Genotoxic Potentials of Varieties of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) in the Uptake of Heavy Metals from Vehicular Emission (Lead, Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, and Zinc): A Review ]]>
<![CDATA[Pakka E. Fami]]>;
<![CDATA[Amos J. T. Yaro]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Alahira E.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sonka S. H.]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7896
<![CDATA[Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a widely consumed staple crop, with numerous species cultivated for their agronomic traits such as yield, tuber size, and color. These species—including TMS90257, TMS84537, TMS82/00056, TMS82/00661, NR8212, NR8082, TMS50395, and TMS30555—are generally classified into three groups based on hydrocyanic acid concentration. This review investigates the genotoxic potential of various Manihot esculenta species in relation to their capacity to uptake harmful heavy metals from the soil. The primary sources of metal contamination examined are agrochemicals, particularly pesticides, and vehicular emissions. The review synthesizes findings from existing literature indicating that while cassava absorbs heavy metals such as lead, arsenic, cadmium, chromium, and zinc, the concentrations in most cases remain within World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limits. However, continued exposure to these elements poses significant health risks due to their cumulative toxic effects. The study underscores the importance of educating farmers and consumers about the implications of heavy metal uptake in food crops and advocates for stricter monitoring and awareness to mitigate potential health hazards. This review contributes to the broader discourse on food safety, environmental toxicology, and sustainable agricultural practices.]]>
<![CDATA[Thermo-Oxidative Stabilities of Biolubricant Blends Derived from Butter, Palm Oil, Shea Butter, and Tallow as Potential Alternatives to Fossil Oils ]]>
<![CDATA[Nuhu Buhari Lenfa]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Anterinwa]]>;
<![CDATA[B. A. Aliyu]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Yakubu]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7897
<![CDATA[The growing interest in biobased lubricants presents a sustainable alternative to petroleum-derived base oils, with significant potential to reduce environmental pollution. Vegetable oils, known for their rapid biodegradability, offer promising prospects as base fluids in the formulation of environmentally friendly lubricants. However, their practical application is often hindered by inherent limitations such as poor oxidative and low-temperature stability. This study evaluates the thermo-oxidative performance of six biolubricant blends derived from Shea butter, palm oil, butter, and tallow oils. Using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the thermal and oxidative stability of each blend was assessed. Among the tested samples, the Shea butter–butter oil blend (SBBOL) exhibited the highest thermal and oxidative stability, with decomposition temperatures of approximately 560 °C and 450 °C at 90% weight loss, respectively. The tallow–Shea butter blend (TSBOL) demonstrated a thermal stability of 520 °C, while the butter–tallow blend showed enhanced oxidative resistance at 410 °C. Other blends, including palm oil–tallow (POTOL) and butter–tallow (BTOL), exhibited thermal stability values of 510 °C and 410 °C, respectively, with corresponding oxidative stabilities of 367 °C and 410 °C. The findings confirm that physical blending of biolubricants enhances their thermo-oxidative properties. The role of oxygen in accelerating degradation at elevated temperatures further underscores the need for optimized formulations to extend lubricant life and performance. This study contributes to the advancement of eco-friendly lubrication technologies through improved biolubricant formulation strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[Low-Temperature Chemical Modification Challenges of Tallow, Butter, Palm Oil, and Palm-Based Biolubricants as Alternative Substitutes for Fossil Oils ]]>
<![CDATA[Nuhu Buhari Lenfa]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Anterinwa]]>;
<![CDATA[B. A. Aliyu]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Yakubu]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7902
<![CDATA[Plant-derived oils such as Shea butter and palm kernel oil—abundant in African countries, particularly Nigeria—exhibit significant potential for use in lubrication, industrial processes, and transportation applications. Similarly, animal fats including butter and tallow may serve as viable alternatives for biolubricant production. This study investigates the low-temperature performance—specifically the cloud and pour points—of biolubricant oils synthesized from palm oil, Shea butter, butter, and tallow using various laboratory-based methods, including methanolic solvent extraction. The research addresses the environmental impact of conventional lubricants, which often contain harmful substances such as heavy metals and are frequently disposed of indiscriminately. Experimental results demonstrate that the pour point of palm oil modified with polymethacrylate (TPMA) improved to –9.5 °C, compared to –5 °C without additives. The Shea butter–polymethacrylate blend (SBPMA) exhibited a pour point of –3.5 °C, while modified palm oil (POPMA) improved from 7.2 °C to –5 °C. Butter oil derived from milk (BOPPG) showed a cloud point of –5 °C, whereas the Shea butter–polypropylene glycol blend (SBPPG) had a pour point of –6 °C. Notably, the tallow oil–polypropylene glycol blend (TOPPG) exhibited the lowest cloud point at –8 °C. These improvements are attributed to the inclusion of polymethacrylate and polypropylene glycols, which enhance the oils’ low-temperature properties. The findings highlight the significance of chemical modification in overcoming the limitations of biolubricants under cold conditions, positioning them as more sustainable and environmentally friendly alternatives to fossil-based lubricants.]]>
