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Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Published by Lembaga Yasin Alsys
ISSN : -     EISSN : 15957977     DOI : https://doi.org/10.58578/KIJST
Core Subject : Agriculture, Social, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Environmental Science Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Social Sciences
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances natural sciences, agriculture, and technology through high-quality quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. The journal prioritizes methodological transparency, scholarly relevance, and contributions that strengthen scientific knowledge and applied innovation. • Natural Sciences: promote robust research that advances knowledge in core scientific fields and their applications. • Agricultural Development: support scholarship that strengthens agriculture, food systems, environmental sustainability, and rural productivity. • Scientific Methods: welcome research using quantitative, qualitative, or combined approaches, provided the design and analysis are clearly justified. • Technology and Application: encourage work that connects scientific findings to technological innovation, practical implementation, and real-world problem-solving. Submissions should clearly state the research problem, explain the methodological approach transparently, present defensible evidence, and demonstrate a meaningful contribution to science, technology, and/or agriculture. Scope KIJST welcomes articles in natural sciences, agriculture, and related scientific fields. The journal accepts research employing surveys, experiments, content analysis, observation, interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis, and other acceptable approaches, provided the analytic logic is rigorous and clearly reported. • Natural Sciences: physics, biology, chemistry, and related scientific disciplines. • Agriculture: soil science, animal husbandry, crop protection, fisheries, and allied agricultural studies. • Life and Environmental Sciences: ecology, environmental science, biological systems, and applied natural-science research. • Technology and Applied Science: scientific and technological studies with clear practical, industrial, environmental, or agricultural relevance. • Interdisciplinary Research: studies bridging science, agriculture, and technology to address complex societal, environmental, or development-related issues. Priority is given to original research articles that contribute clearly to the body of knowledge, demonstrate appropriate methodological rigor, and offer implications for scientific advancement, agricultural improvement, or technological application.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 101 Documents
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Natural Compounds in Guava (Psidium guajava) Leaves: A Phytochemical Study Musa Azegya Mustapha; Arowora K. A; Ezeonu C. S; Isaac John Umaru
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.8017

Abstract

This study investigates the chemical composition and hepatoprotective potential of ferrous nanoparticles (FeNPs) synthesized from Psidium guajava (Linn.) leaf extract, focusing on their effects on liver function in male Wistar rats. Fresh leaves of P. guajava were collected from the Government Reservation Area (G.R.A), Wukari, Taraba State, Nigeria, washed, air-dried, and pulverized for analysis. The resulting leaf powder was subjected to phytochemical screening, vitamin profiling, and mineral composition analysis, while the synthesized FeNPs were characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). GC–MS analysis revealed a rich profile of bioactive compounds, with 2-hexyl-1-octanol identified as the most abundant constituent. Vitamin profiling showed a high concentration of folate (65.10%), moderate levels of thiamine (32.90%), and trace amounts of vitamin E (1.40%) and vitamin K (0.60%). Mineral analysis indicated potassium (9.40 ± 0.89 ppm) as the predominant element among the five minerals detected. UV–visible spectroscopy confirmed the successful synthesis of FeNPs, evidenced by a characteristic absorption peak at 360 nm, while FTIR analysis identified functional groups such as hydroxyl (O–H), alkane (C–H), and alkene (C=C), suggesting the presence of phytochemicals capable of reducing and stabilizing the nanoparticles. Overall, the findings demonstrate that Psidium guajava leaf extract is a rich source of vitamins, minerals, and phytochemicals that effectively mediate the green synthesis of ferrous nanoparticles, and that the presence of bioactive compounds and functional groups supports the potential of these FeNPs for biomedical applications, particularly in liver function modulation. This study provides a foundational basis for further exploration of the therapeutic efficacy and safety of guava leaf-derived nanoparticles in hepatoprotection and other health-related interventions.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Taenia solium Infection among Humans and Pigs in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria Ogbadu J. I; Agere H. I J; Benson O; Mijah A. K
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8282

Abstract

Taenia solium, the pork tapeworm, remains a major zoonotic parasite of public health and economic significance in many low- and middle-income countries, including Nigeria. The infection causes taeniasis in humans and cysticercosis in pigs, with transmission sustained by poor sanitation, free-range pig rearing, and inadequate meat inspection. This study determined the prevalence and risk factors associated with T. solium infection among pigs and humans in Wukari Local Government Area (LGA), Taraba State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted between January and June 2024. Stool samples from 402 human participants and carcasses from 390 pigs were examined using standard parasitological and post-mortem inspection techniques. Socio-demographic and behavioral data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0, and associations between infection and risk factors were evaluated using Chi-square (χ²) and logistic regression at a significance level of p < 0.05. The overall prevalence of T. solium infection was 4.8% (38/792). Infection was detected in 4.9% of pigs and 4.7% of humans (χ² = 0.0387, p < 0.05). The highest prevalence among pigs occurred in Puje Ward (6.41%), while Hospital and Rafin Kada Wards recorded the highest human infection rates (5.97%). Significant risk factors identified included home slaughtering (OR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.1–4.0), poor sanitation (OR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.0–3.2), sale of infected pork (OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1–3.3), and low public awareness (OR = 2.3, 95% CI: 1.2–4.4). The study reveals continued endemicity of T. solium in Wukari, driven by modifiable socio-behavioral factors. Strengthened meat inspection, improved sanitation, public education, and adoption of One Health surveillance strategies are recommended to reduce transmission and support Nigeria’s NTD elimination goals by 2030.
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Intestinal Protozoan Infections among Secondary School Students in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria Joseph T. R.; Mijah A. K.; Elizabeth A.; Ogbadu J. I; Agbakyeni H.E; Agere H.I.J.
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8286

Abstract

Intestinal protozoan infections continue to pose public health challenges among school-aged children in developing regions, particularly where sanitation, water quality, and hygiene practices are inadequate. This study assessed the prevalence and associated risk factors of intestinal protozoan infections among secondary school students in Wukari Metropolis, Taraba State, Nigeria. A cross-sectional design was used to sample 400 students from five public secondary schools. Stool samples were examined using direct wet mount and formol-ether concentration techniques, while structured questionnaires assessed demographic characteristics, hygiene behaviour, sanitation practices, and knowledge levels. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at a 5% significance level. The overall prevalence of intestinal protozoa was 6.75% (95% CI: 4.5–9.0%), comprising Giardia lamblia (3.25%) and Entamoeba histolytica (3.50%). Maramara Government Day and Yakasaen Government Day Schools recorded the highest prevalence (10.0% each), while Government Day School had the lowest (2.5%). The difference in prevalence across schools was not statistically significant (χ² = 5.864; p = 0.661), indicating that risk factors are likely widespread across the metropolis rather than localized within specific schools. Several behavioural and environmental factors contributed to infection risk, including inconsistent handwashing before meals (38.15%), use of unsafe water sources such as streams (9.98%), and open defecation at home (19.95%) and in schools (12.22%). Knowledge gaps were substantial, as 62.84% of students were unaware of intestinal parasites, while 52.12% did not understand transmission routes. Domestic animal ownership (63.53%), irregular footwear use, and low deworming history further increased susceptibility. The findings demonstrate a moderate burden of intestinal protozoa driven by modifiable risk factors. Strengthening school-based health education, improving sanitation facilities, ensuring access to safe water, and implementing routine deworming programs are essential to reducing protozoal transmission and improving student health outcomes in Wukari Metropolis.
Degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye (FCF) in Wastewater Using Visible Light Induced Activity of α-Haematite Nanoparticle Synthesized via Green Route Emmanuel Ba’aku AttahDaniel; Emmanuel A Kamba; Mohammad Ziyaulhaq Mohammad; James Dama Habila
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8289

Abstract

This study investigated the photocatalytic activity of α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles (hematite) synthesized from the extract of Senna siamea flower and characterized using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Thermogravimetric Analysis / Differential Thermal Analysis (TGA/DTA), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) Analysis. The photocatalytic activity of the α-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was measured by degradation of Brilliant Blue Dye. The α-Fe2O3-S.S nanoparticles showed excellent photocatalytic performance, an optimum photocatalytic degradation 82% was obtained within 150 minutes intervals at loading catalyst dose of 150 mg at a concentration of 15 ppm. Thus, the catalyst demonstrated efficient degradation capacity of Brilliant Blue dye in wastewater.
Assessment of Malaria Parasite Intensity in Mono-Infected and Typhoid Co-Infected Patients Attending Selected Health Facilities in Wukari, Taraba State John-Zakka U. E; Agere H. I. J; Amos T. J; Ogunmola A.O; Abdulrasheed M. H; Yafriyau E. P
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8793

Abstract

This study compared malaria parasite intensity in mono-infection and in co-infection with typhoid among febrile patients attending selected health facilities in Wukari. A total of 418 patients were enrolled based on clinical diagnosis of febrile illness, and from each patient blood and stool samples were collected for blood film examination and stool culture, respectively. Overall, 75.3% of malaria-positive cases had low parasite intensity, whereas 24.7% had higher parasite density, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Among the 83 patients with malaria mono-infection, low-intensity (+) parasitemia was more frequent than high-intensity parasitemia. By contrast, in malaria–typhoid co-infection, 68.9% of patients with Salmonella co-infection had high malaria parasite intensity and 31.1% had low intensity, with an overall p value < 0.011. The odds ratio of 6.766 indicates that individuals with high malaria intensity have approximately sevenfold higher odds of developing typhoid fever compared with those with low malaria intensity. These results suggest that elevated malaria parasite density in co-infected patients is associated with a greater risk of typhoid and indicate that healthcare providers should maintain heightened vigilance for severe malaria presentations in patients with concurrent typhoid infection. The findings further underscore the need for comprehensive control programs targeting mosquito breeding sites and public education on improved sanitation to reduce the burden of malaria and typhoid co-infection.
Assessment of Nutritional, Functional, and Sensory Characteristics of Bread Produced with Wheat, Cowpea Bran, and Prekese (Tetrapleura tetraptera) Flour Composites Orafa P. N; Grace Ezekiel; Taiwo Mayomi Adenike; Tar Sesugh Solomon
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.8794

Abstract

Incorporating legume bran and indigenous functional ingredients into wheat-based bread offers a pathway to improve nutritional quality, but their effects on product characteristics require empirical evaluation. This study evaluates the nutritional, functional, mineral, physical, and sensory properties of bread produced from wheat, cowpea bran, and prekese flour blends. Cowpea bran was cleaned, soaked to rehydrate, dried, milled, and sieved prior to blending, and wheat–cowpea bran–prekese formulations were prepared at ratios of 100:0:0, 95:5:5, 90:10:5, 85:15:5, and 80:20:0. Proximate, functional, mineral, physical, and sensory characteristics were determined using standard analytical methods. Proximate analysis showed significant differences (p < 0.05), with moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, and carbohydrate contents ranging from 5.26–10.13%, 1.75–3.03%, 8.08–8.70%, 0.14–6.71%, 9.12–12.22%, and 75.72–59.85%, respectively. Functional properties—bulk density, swelling capacity, water absorption, oil absorption, and foaming capacity—varied from 0.62–0.73, 3.31–4.21, 2.06–2.81, 1.25–1.40, and 5.30–12.51, while mineral contents of calcium, iron, zinc, and potassium ranged from 335.34–375.28, 16.63–52.58, 6.57–54.06, and 485.14–505.13, respectively. Sensory scores for appearance, flavor, color, mouthfeel, and overall acceptability ranged from 5.35–8.55, 5.33–7.83, 5.45–8.34, 4.75–8.38, and 4.45–8.58, with the 100% wheat formulation showing the highest overall acceptability, while the 80:20:5 blend was the least preferred due to its higher cowpea bran content despite improved nutritional attributes. Overall, the findings highlight the potential of cowpea bran and prekese flour as functional ingredients for enhancing the nutritional profile of wheat-based bread, while underscoring the need for optimal formulation strategies to balance nutritional benefits with desirable sensory and functional properties for consumer acceptance and product development.
Prevalence and Risk Factors Associated with Some Intestinal Parasitic Infections among School Children in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, Nigeria Otumbere Etiefa; Imarenezor Edobor Peter Kenneth; Efere Y. Samson; Elkanah Edet Usodo; Buta Tarimotimi Sam
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9085

Abstract

Intestinal parasite infections (IPIs) remain a major public health problem among school-aged children in Nigeria, with differing school environments and socio-economic conditions potentially shaping transmission dynamics. This study investigated the prevalence of IPIs and associated risk factors among children attending public and private primary schools in Yenagoa Metropolis, Bayelsa State, and compared prevalence patterns between these settings. A cross-sectional descriptive design was employed, and a total of 395 stool samples were collected from pupils in 10 primary schools (5 public and 5 private). Stool specimens were examined using direct wet mount and formal ether concentration techniques, while socio-demographic and risk-factor data were obtained through structured questionnaires. Associations between infection status and socio-economic variables were assessed using chi-square tests. The overall prevalence of IPIs was 23.8%, with slightly higher prevalence in public schools (25.7%) than in private schools (21.8%). The most frequently identified helminths were Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, and Strongyloides stercoralis, while Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia lamblia were the predominant protozoa. Infection was most common among children aged 8–10 years (26.6%), and female pupils aged 11–13 years in public schools showed relatively higher infection rates, although no statistically significant differences were detected across age categories or between genders within and across school types. The findings underscore a moderate overall prevalence of intestinal parasites and highlight the continued vulnerability of primary school children to both helminthic and protozoan infections. The study concludes that improving hygiene practices, sanitation infrastructure, and access to clean water in both public and private school communities is essential to reduce transmission and protect child health in Yenagoa Metropolis.
Chronic Disease Management: Integrating Occupational Risk Evaluation with Predictive Prevention and Diagnostics Isaac John Umaru; Solomon O. Asare; Tyem Lawal Danjuma; Gomba Victoria Eno; Ingwu Joseph Akem; Eluu Emmanuel Chukwudi; Julius Ishaya Salman; Hauwa A. Umaru; Maryam Usman Ahmed
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9304

Abstract

Occupational health has become an increasingly important dimension of public health, particularly in efforts to prevent chronic disease; however, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in this area is constrained by the lack of standardized occupational exposure metrics, limited representation of diverse work environments, and fragmented data systems. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of occupational exposure variables on chronic disease risk prediction, assess the performance of Random Forest, XGBoost, and Deep Neural Network (DNN) models across workplace contexts, and propose a framework for interoperable platforms that integrate health and occupational data to strengthen predictive analytics and early diagnostics. Using a cross-sectional dataset of 5,000 workers from the manufacturing, agriculture, healthcare, and service sectors, the study analyzed demographic characteristics, clinical biomarkers, occupational exposure logs, and psychosocial assessments. Model performance was evaluated using ROC-AUC, precision, recall, and F1-score, while feature importance analysis quantified the contribution of occupational variables; in addition, a prototype interoperable platform was developed to demonstrate real-time integration between electronic health records and workplace monitoring systems. The findings showed that the DNN model outperformed the other algorithms, achieving a ROC-AUC of 0.89, precision of 0.85, recall of 0.88, and F1-score of 0.86. Occupational exposure variables contributed 27% to predictive power, with chemical exposure and psychosocial stressors showing the strongest associations with chronic disease markers. Among high-risk individuals, 54% were identified with subclinical conditions, including elevated C-reactive protein and HbA1c levels, while personalized interventions based on model outputs reduced risk scores by 22% and improved biometric indicators. The interoperable platform also successfully synchronized health and exposure data, enabling real-time analytics and targeted alerts. These findings demonstrate that integrating standardized occupational exposure metrics with interoperable data platforms substantially enhances the accuracy and practical utility of AI-driven chronic disease prediction, while supporting more equitable and proactive occupational health surveillance across diverse industries.
Effect of Open Source on Students’ Performance in Electronics and Lecturers’ Readiness for Its Adoption in Institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria Ishaku Zechariah; Ajili Tanimu
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9353

Abstract

This study investigated the effect of an open-source instructional approach on students’ academic performance in Digital Electronics and lecturers’ readiness for its adoption in tertiary institutions in Adamawa State, Nigeria. Guided by three research questions and three hypotheses, the study employed a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design. The study population comprised 48 students and 30 lecturers in Electrical/Electronic Technology, and no sampling was undertaken because the population was manageable. Data were collected using the Digital Electronics Achievement Test (EAT), Electronics Skills Acquisition Test (ESAT), and Lecturers’ Readiness for Adoption of Open Source in Instructional Delivery (LROSAID), all developed by the researcher. The validated EAT and ESAT demonstrated high internal consistency, with Cronbach’s alpha coefficients of 0.92, 0.89, and 0.90, respectively. Data were analyzed using mean and standard deviation to answer the research questions, while ANCOVA and Scheffe’s test were used to test the hypotheses at the 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed a significant difference in achievement test scores between the open-source instructional strategy and the lecture strategy, as well as a significant difference in skills acquisition in favour of the open-source instructional strategy over the demonstration strategy. However, the results also showed that lecturers were not ready to adopt open source for instructional delivery. The study concludes that the open-source instructional strategy enhanced students’ academic achievement and skills acquisition in Electrical/Electronic Technology, while lecturers’ low readiness for adoption remains a critical implementation challenge. These findings contribute empirical support for the instructional value of open-source approaches and imply the need for institutional efforts to strengthen lecturers’ readiness and encourage the integration of open-source strategies in Electrical/Electronic lesson delivery in Colleges of Education.
Characterization of Starch Extracted from Pretreated Whole-Grain Bambara Groundnut Adamu Hamsatu Sani; Akubor P. I; Abubakar Ummulkhairu
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Publisher : Darul Yasin Al Sys

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v3i1.9355

Abstract

This study characterized starch extracted from whole-grain and dehulled Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) pretreated with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to determine the effects of dehulling and fermentation on starch yield, composition, functionality, pasting behavior, digestibility, and morphology. Whole-grain Bambara groundnut seeds were soaked for 24 h, manually dehulled where applicable, oven-dried at 40°C to constant weight, and fermented prior to starch extraction. The extracted starches were analyzed using standard methods, and statistical significance was determined at p < 0.05. The results showed that dehulling followed by fermentation significantly increased starch yield from 34.88% to 39.66%. Proximate analysis indicated moisture content of 5.48–6.01%, crude protein of 0.23–0.77%, ash of 0.50–0.61%, crude fat of 0.52–0.96%, fiber of 0.02–0.90%, and carbohydrate content of 90.92–93.20%, suggesting improved starch purity after pretreatment. Functional properties were also enhanced, with water absorption capacity ranging from 2.43 to 1.50 g/100 g, oil absorption capacity from 2.00 to 1.75 g/100 g, loose density from 0.45 to 0.68 g/ml, bulk density from 0.75 to 0.95 g/ml, swelling capacity from 88.68% to 67.45%, dispersibility from 79.00% to 59.00%, and wettability from 30.00 to 7.50 s. Pasting properties improved, with peak viscosity of 174.37–215.65 cP, final viscosity of 223.37–226.42 cP, setback of 67.60–74.48 cP, trough of 155.73–188.29 cP, pasting temperature of 68.30–72.12°C, and pasting time of 3.17–7.17 min. Amylose content increased to 20.50–26.16%, whereas amylopectin decreased to 73.84–79.50% following fermentation. In addition, total starch (61.46–66.75%) and rapidly digestible starch (50.05–63.28%) increased, while resistant starch (13.91–21.80%) and slowly digestible starch (23.54–28.44%) decreased after pretreatment. Scanning electron microscopy further revealed oval, spherical, ring-like, elliptical, and irregular granules with slight surface modification. Overall, the study demonstrates that dehulling and fermentation improve the yield, purity, functional performance, pasting characteristics, and digestibility profile of Bambara groundnut starch, highlighting its potential for food and industrial applications.

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