Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology
Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology aims to publish rigorous, peer-reviewed scholarship that advances natural sciences, agriculture, and technology through high-quality quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods research. The journal prioritizes methodological transparency, scholarly relevance, and contributions that strengthen scientific knowledge and applied innovation. • Natural Sciences: promote robust research that advances knowledge in core scientific fields and their applications. • Agricultural Development: support scholarship that strengthens agriculture, food systems, environmental sustainability, and rural productivity. • Scientific Methods: welcome research using quantitative, qualitative, or combined approaches, provided the design and analysis are clearly justified. • Technology and Application: encourage work that connects scientific findings to technological innovation, practical implementation, and real-world problem-solving. Submissions should clearly state the research problem, explain the methodological approach transparently, present defensible evidence, and demonstrate a meaningful contribution to science, technology, and/or agriculture. Scope KIJST welcomes articles in natural sciences, agriculture, and related scientific fields. The journal accepts research employing surveys, experiments, content analysis, observation, interviews, focus groups, documentary analysis, and other acceptable approaches, provided the analytic logic is rigorous and clearly reported. • Natural Sciences: physics, biology, chemistry, and related scientific disciplines. • Agriculture: soil science, animal husbandry, crop protection, fisheries, and allied agricultural studies. • Life and Environmental Sciences: ecology, environmental science, biological systems, and applied natural-science research. • Technology and Applied Science: scientific and technological studies with clear practical, industrial, environmental, or agricultural relevance. • Interdisciplinary Research: studies bridging science, agriculture, and technology to address complex societal, environmental, or development-related issues. Priority is given to original research articles that contribute clearly to the body of knowledge, demonstrate appropriate methodological rigor, and offer implications for scientific advancement, agricultural improvement, or technological application.
Articles
101 Documents
<![CDATA[A Framework for IOC-Driven Early Warning Threat Intelligence ]]>
<![CDATA[Adereti Rasak Raji]]>;
<![CDATA[Adenomon M. O]]>;
<![CDATA[Gilbert I. O. Aimufua]]>;
<![CDATA[Steven I. Bassey]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6458
<![CDATA[The increasing sophistication of cyber threats necessitates a strategic transition from reactive defenses to proactive threat mitigation. Although Indicators of Compromise (IoCs) serve as essential forensic artifacts in post-incident analysis, their potential for early threat detection remains underutilized due to issues such as data overload, insufficient contextualization, and rapid obsolescence. This study proposes the IoC-Driven Early Warning (IDEW) framework to address these limitations. The IDEW framework introduces a structured, multi-stage approach that includes multi-source data aggregation, advanced IoC validation and scoring, real-time correlation and pattern detection, and the generation of context-rich early warnings. Through systematic processing, the framework enhances the accuracy and timeliness of threat detection, allowing organizations to identify and respond to emerging cyber threats at earlier stages. Grounded in current literature and operational insights, this framework offers a conceptual foundation for integrating IoCs more effectively into proactive cybersecurity strategies.]]>
<![CDATA[Preliminary Study into the Application of Metabolomics in Soil Discrimination ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdulwasiu Olawale Salaudeen]]>;
<![CDATA[Yemisi Ajoke Olawore]]>;
<![CDATA[Aishat Abdulkareem Yetunde]]>;
<![CDATA[Hajara Yakubu]]>;
<![CDATA[Abubakar Umar Dewa]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6486
<![CDATA[Soil metabolomics provides a comprehensive analysis of small-molecule metabolites (≤1.5 kDa) present in soil and offers insights into how environmental processes influence soil conditions. Although this technique has been applied to various soil-related studies, it remains underrepresented in the broader field of metabolomics, highlighting the need for further research. This study aims to characterize the soil metabolome across contrasting soil sites to evaluate the discriminating capacity of soil metabolomics and its potential as a soil quality indicator. Soil metabolites were extracted using methanol and dichloromethane and analyzed with an Agilent 1260 Infinity II liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry platform. A total of 307 compounds were positively identified, including steroids, saponins, amino acids, organothiophosphorus compounds, and fatty acids. Multivariate statistical tools, such as Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) score and loading plots, Variable Importance in Projection (VIP) scores, Significance Analysis of Microarrays (SAM), and heat mapping successfully discriminated the soil samples from four distinct sites. Among the identified metabolites, prolyl-hydroxyproline (ID 1817) had the highest VIP score (≈2.62) and emerged as a potential biomarker for differentiating soil types. These findings underscore the utility of metabolomics in soil characterization and its potential application in environmental monitoring and soil quality assessment.]]>
<![CDATA[Understanding Modern Nanotechnology: Insights into Its Evolution, Applications, and Global Impact ]]>
<![CDATA[Umme Laila]]>;
<![CDATA[Muhammad Akram]]>;
<![CDATA[Fahad Said Khan]]>;
<![CDATA[Fethi Ahmet Ozdemir]]>;
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6622
<![CDATA[Nanoparticles, or ultrafine particles, are defined as particles with diameters ranging from 1 to 100 nanometers. As the core units of nanotechnology, these structures serve as the building blocks for integrating nanoscale materials into larger, functional systems. Over the past decade, nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative and interdisciplinary field, bridging advancements across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, materials science, energy, mechanics, plastics, optics, electronics, and aerospace. This paper provides an overview of the fundamental principles of nanotechnology, explores the unique properties of nanostructures, and highlights their current and potential applications across various scientific and industrial disciplines. By examining both foundational knowledge and emerging innovations, the study underscores nanotechnology’s expanding role in addressing complex challenges and shaping future technological development.]]>
<![CDATA[Health Impacts of Indiscriminate Dumping of Solid Waste Disposal in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria ]]>
<![CDATA[Peter Ujulu]]>;
<![CDATA[Donald Amos]]>;
<![CDATA[Auwalu Ali Maiguwa]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6806
<![CDATA[This study investigates the health impacts of indiscriminate solid waste disposal in Wukari Local Government Area, Taraba State, Nigeria. The objectives were to identify the composition of waste materials, assess waste management practices among residents, and evaluate the health implications of indiscriminate dumping in the area. Primary data were collected through structured questionnaires distributed randomly across residential areas, markets, schools, workshops, and business centers. A total of 400 household heads were sampled for the study. Data collection included field observations and questionnaire responses, which were analyzed using SPSS Version 25.0 to generate frequency distributions, percentage ratios, and mean values, with findings presented in tabular format for clarity. Results showed that the predominant types of waste generated were polythene (33.4%), followed by cloth/carton/paper (27.3%), crop residue/food remains (18.0%), plastic (15.9%), and cans/tins/bottles (5.4%). The study also revealed that 43.1% of households disposed of waste in open spaces, indicating poor waste management practices. Additionally, the findings suggest that higher educational attainment among residents positively influenced proper waste disposal behavior. The study concludes that indiscriminate dumping poses serious environmental and health risks, and recommends increased public awareness, improved waste management infrastructure, and the enforcement of environmental sanitation policies to mitigate the adverse effects of improper waste disposal.]]>
<![CDATA[The Impacts of Trichomonas vaginalis on the Quality of Life in Women ]]>
<![CDATA[Samuel Tamunoiyowuna Cockeye Brown]]>;
<![CDATA[Usman Ikrimah Mohammed]]>;
<![CDATA[Eze Emmanuel Onyemaechi]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusuf Precious Wama]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i2.6962
<![CDATA[Trichomoniasis is a significant global health concern, particularly affecting women of reproductive age. In many public health settings, diagnosis is commonly based solely on clinical signs and symptoms. However, this approach can lead to misdiagnosis, as trichomoniasis shares similar clinical presentations with other vaginal infections. Caused by the protozoan Trichomonas vaginalis, trichomoniasis is one of the most prevalent non-viral sexually transmitted infections (STIs), often linked to reproductive tract infections, infertility, cervical cancer, premature births, and low birth weight in newborns. According to the World Health Organization, approximately 276.4 million cases were reported in 2008, with nearly 90% occurring in resource-limited settings. The global prevalence among women is estimated at 8.1%, making it more common than Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and syphilis combined. Various studies have identified key risk factors associated with T. vaginalis infection, particularly among adolescent girls and women attending STI clinics. These include unprotected sexual intercourse, multiple sexual partners, a longer history of sexual activity, previous STIs, and higher prevalence among Black populations. Beyond its physical health implications, trichomoniasis significantly impacts women’s quality of life, affecting sexual function, reproductive outcomes, mental health, and social well-being. The stigma surrounding STIs, coupled with the often asymptomatic nature of trichomoniasis, contributes to delayed diagnosis, untreated infections, and continued community transmission. Effective prevention and control require comprehensive strategies including safe sex practices, regular screening, early diagnosis, partner notification, and timely treatment. Addressing the broader social and psychological dimensions of the disease is essential for improving health outcomes and reducing the burden of trichomoniasis on women’s health globally.]]>
<![CDATA[Microbiological Analysis of Stored Groundnuts in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, with Emphasis on Aflatoxin-Producing Aspergillus Species ]]>
<![CDATA[Salvage Akpomedaye]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7227
<![CDATA[Groundnuts (Arachis hypogaea), an important dietary protein source and economic crop in Nigeria, are highly susceptible to fungal contamination during storage, particularly by Aspergillus species that produce aflatoxins. Aflatoxin B₁, the most potent of these toxins, is a Group 1 carcinogen associated with liver cancer, immune suppression, and growth retardation. Despite the widespread consumption of groundnuts in Yenagoa, Bayelsa State, limited data exist on microbial and aflatoxigenic contamination in the local supply chain. This study assessed the microbiological quality of stored groundnuts with emphasis on aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species across three major markets—Swali, Opolo, and Tombia. Thirty samples (10 per market) were analyzed using serial dilution, culturing on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Aspergillus flavus and parasiticus agar (AFPA), and microscopic identification with lactophenol cotton blue staining. Aflatoxin production was screened qualitatively using the Ammonia Vapor Test, and moisture content was determined by the oven-dry method. Results showed that 80% of samples were contaminated with Aspergillus spp., predominantly A. flavus (50%) and A. parasiticus (23.3%). Aflatoxin detection was 60% overall, highest in Tombia (70%), followed by Swali (60%) and Opolo (50%). Tombia samples also recorded the highest mean moisture content (11.1%), exceeding the safe threshold (<8%) for fungal inhibition. Additional fungi, including Penicillium, Fusarium, and Rhizopus spp., were also isolated, indicating poor storage hygiene. These findings underscore a serious food safety concern in Yenagoa, where high aflatoxigenic fungal prevalence, driven by elevated moisture and inadequate storage, poses significant health risks. The study recommends routine surveillance, vendor education, and affordable moisture-proof storage interventions to reduce aflatoxin exposure and protect public health in Bayelsa and similar tropical contexts.]]>
<![CDATA[Cryptographic System for Mobile Application (Automated Resume Builder) ]]>
<![CDATA[Bartholomew Idoko]]>;
<![CDATA[Sampson Agada]]>;
<![CDATA[Okoro Denis Isah]]>;
<![CDATA[Chika Patricia Bossah]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7228
<![CDATA[This paper presents a secure and user-friendly approach for developing an automated mobile application system, using a resume builder as a case study. The proposed system automates the construction of resumes by utilizing applicants’ information as input, allowing users to create, edit, delete, read, and save resumes in PDF format, supported by login and signup via OTP verification. To enhance security, the study introduces a two-factor authentication (TFA) scheme that integrates a cryptographic-compatible device and a password, offering stronger protection against risks such as communication breaches, device or server vulnerabilities, and offline or online credential attacks. The TFA is implemented through shared access signature (SAS) message authentication or other PIN-based authentication methods. The system architecture incorporates an enhanced cryptographic framework adaptable to various password-based client–server authentication protocols, reducing reliance on less secure single-layer password systems. Data encryption is handled using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), chosen over 3DES for its superior processing efficiency, while the Message-Digest Method (MD5) algorithm is used to hash user-defined encryption keywords. All server-side data, including encryption keys, remain encrypted, ensuring that unauthorized access yields no advantage. By enabling users to encrypt and decrypt data with AES and securing encryption keys via MD5 hashing, the system improves both privacy and security in mobile applications. The study contributes to secure software design by demonstrating how cryptographic methods can be modularly integrated into mobile systems, addressing the cybersecurity gaps of conventional job search and resume platforms.]]>
<![CDATA[Epoxidized Palm Kernel Oil and Monomethylol Urea as Co-Polymer Binder for a Water-Resistant Paint ]]>
<![CDATA[Archibong C. S]]>;
<![CDATA[Thliza B. A]]>;
<![CDATA[Fadawa F. G]]>;
<![CDATA[Akaakondo F. T]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7345
<![CDATA[The development of eco-friendly and efficient binders remains a critical focus in modern paint formulation. In this study, the triglyceride structure of palm kernel oil was epoxidized and structurally modified to create reactive sites for chemical bonding. The resulting epoxidized palm kernel oil (EPKO) was chemically blended with monomethylol urea (MMU), a thermoset resin obtained from one-step condensation polymerization of urea and formaldehyde to produce a hybrid copolymer composite (EPKO/MMU). Structural characterization using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed chemical interactions between EPKO and MMU, evidenced by upward and downward shifts in absorption bands. Rheological evaluation revealed enhanced film-forming properties. Viscosity, refractive index, elongation at break, and turbidity increased with higher EPKO content up to 50%, after which deviations were observed. Conversely, melting point, density, formaldehyde emission, and moisture uptake decreased with continuous EPKO incorporation. The hybrid copolymer successfully combined the advantages of both components, mitigating the rigidity and high formaldehyde emission of MMU while enhancing flexibility, hydrophobicity, and water resistance contributed by EPKO. The findings demonstrate the potential of EPKO/MMU composites as sustainable, high-performance binders for emulsion paint applications, offering improved environmental compatibility and superior material properties.]]>
<![CDATA[Assessing the Current State of Tourism Development in Gashaka Gumti National Park ]]>
<![CDATA[Akafa Konde Silas]]>;
<![CDATA[Kanati Madaki]]>;
<![CDATA[Gani Saidu Chibuma]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7347
<![CDATA[This study assesses the current state of tourism development in Gashaka Gumti National Park, Nigeria. Questionnaires were administered across all communities officially recognized by the National Park authority to obtain first-hand perspectives from community members. Data collected covered respondents’ socio-economic characteristics, available tourist attractions, and supporting facilities. Findings revealed that the park’s rich biodiversity, including diverse forest ecosystems, wildlife, and bird species serves as a primary attraction for tourists. Within the surrounding communities, facilities such as schools, health centres, television viewing centres, electricity, and public tap water were identified; however, only about 10% of respondents reported access to tap water, while more than 50% relied on rivers and streams. Most of these amenities were provided by the Adamawa and Taraba State governments as well as the Local Government Areas of Toungo, Gashaka, and Sardauna. The study further noted that tourists were particularly drawn to the availability of standard restaurants and both indoor and outdoor sporting facilities in the park. To strengthen tourism development, the paper recommends enhancing partnership programmes between the National Park and local communities, alongside improvements in basic infrastructure and service delivery, to foster sustainable tourism growth.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of Methanol Leaf Extract of Annona senegalensis on Liver Function in Diethylnitrosamine-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Rats and Its Potential as an Antibacterial Agent ]]>
<![CDATA[Isaac John Umaru]]>;
<![CDATA[Mary Athanasius Udoh]]>;
<![CDATA[Etah Hope Mona]]>;
<![CDATA[Mosugu Ovayoza Omolara]]>;
<![CDATA[Ogar Fonne Okang]]>;
<![CDATA[Ingwu Joseph Akem]]>;
<![CDATA[Akafa Andes Tansaba]]>;
<![CDATA[Shadrach Philip]]>;
<![CDATA[Otashu Kenneth Frank]]>
<![CDATA[ Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology Vol 2 No 3 (2025): Kwaghe International Journal of Sciences and Technology ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Darul Yasin Al Sys ]]>
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DOI: 10.58578/kijst.v2i3.7362
<![CDATA[Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is among the most prevalent and deadly cancers globally, with limited treatment options and poor prognosis in advanced stages. This study evaluated the therapeutic potential of methanol leaf extract of Annona senegalensis against diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced HCC in Wistar rats and investigated its antibacterial properties. Thirty-six male albino rats were allocated into six groups: Group I (normal control) received no treatment; Group II (negative control) was induced with HCC using DEN (50 mg/kg b.w., intraperitoneally) weekly for three weeks without therapy; Group III (positive control) received DEN followed by silymarin (100 mg/kg b.w.); while Groups IV, V, and VI received DEN followed by A. senegalensis extract at 200, 400, and 600 mg/kg b.w., respectively, administered orally for 14 days. Biochemical analysis showed that the extract significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated DEN-induced hepatotoxicity, with the 400 mg/kg dose most effective in reducing AST (48.71 ± 1.21 IU/L) and ALT (20.74 ± 1.06 IU/L) compared to the negative control (69.52 ± 0.88 IU/L and 54.97 ± 1.54 IU/L, respectively). Hepatic synthetic function was restored, as indicated by increased total protein (6.37 ± 0.13 g/L) and albumin (5.11 ± 0.10 g/L). Histopathological analysis confirmed marked architectural recovery with reduced necrosis and inflammatory infiltration. The extract also demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, exhibiting dose-dependent inhibition zones against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, with effects comparable to standard antibiotics. These findings suggest that A. senegalensis leaf extract exerts hepatoprotective effects—likely through antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative mechanisms—while also offering broad-spectrum antimicrobial benefits. The 400 mg/kg dose emerged as the most effective, highlighting its promise as a cost-effective complementary therapy for managing HCC and bacterial infections, particularly in resource-constrained settings. Further research should focus on isolating and characterizing the bioactive compounds and elucidating their mechanisms of action.]]>
