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English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma Jl. Affandi, Mrican, Catur Tunggal, Depok, Sleman, Yogyakarta, Indonesia 55281
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Journal of Language and Literature
Published by Universitas Sanata Dharma
ISSN : 14105691     EISSN : 25805878     DOI : https://doi.org/10.24071/joll
Core Subject :
Journal of Language and Literature (JOLL) is an open access journal that refereed publication devoted to research articles and conceptual articles concerned with linguistics, literature, translation, and cultural studies.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 17 Documents
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Forest Symbolism in the Relationship Between Nature and Culture: A Study in the Oral Traditions of Ethnic Groups in the Central Highlands of Vietnam Viet Hung Nguyen; Thi Dieu Khanh Nguyen
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.113

Abstract

In the perception of most modern people, the forest is a natural entity, either coexisting with culture or standing in opposition to it – a concept that is understood to involve human factors influencing nature. From this, notions about forests and nature arise, accompanied by rules governing human interactions with nature, which are perceived as either egalitarian or hierarchical. When examining the oral traditions of the ethnic groups in the Central Highlands of Vietnam, we find that these communities consider themselves “the forest eaters” (G. Condominas, 2003), not only due to their economic activities, settlement, and the reckoning of time within the human life cycle, but also because all their beliefs, rituals, customs, and spiritual practices are deeply intertwined with the forest. The theoretical distinction that villages are associated with rituals while forests are not may not hold true for these indigenous communities. By applying discourse analysis theory (Foucault) and ecocriticism, this study examines myths, epics (khan), folktales, proverbs, and customary law texts of ethnic groups such as the Ede, Jarai, Mnong, and Raglai in the Central Highlands of Vietnam to redefine the concepts of forest, village, humanity, and the social space of the residents inhabiting these regions. The findings reveal that the forest functions simultaneously as a natural space parallel to social space, a sacred domain bound to spirit-world beliefs, and an essential source of livelihood and aesthetic inspiration. The study concludes that Central Highlands communities maintain a non-dualistic worldview in which nature and culture are inseparable, offering an alternative ontological perspective to the Western nature – culture dichotomy and contributing new insights to ecocritical and anthropological scholarship on indigenous ecological knowledge.
The Concept of ‘Villain Characters’ Based on Readers’ Point of View: A Cognitive Linguistics Study  Adnania Nugra Heni
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.134

Abstract

This study investigates how villain characters are conceptualized by readers through metaphorical expressions found in online reading platforms. Employing a descriptive qualitative design within a cognitive linguistics framework, the data consist of reader comments containing metaphorical language collected from Webtoon and Kakaopage. A total of 60 comments were purposively selected from three popular stories, focusing exclusively on sentences that contain metaphorical expressions referring to villain characters. The data were analyzed using Conceptual Metaphor Theory and Blending Theory. The findings reveal that readers conceptualize villain characters through multiple source domains, including animals, non-living objects, daydreamers, supernatural beings, and plants. Among these, structural metaphors are the most frequently employed, indicating a systematic mapping between concrete source domains and abstract character traits. The analysis further demonstrates that these metaphorical constructions are influenced by factors such as physical appearance, behavioral patterns, narrative roles, and personality traits of the characters. Through blending processes, readers integrate these features to construct coherent mental representations of villains. This study contributes to cognitive linguistics by extending the application of metaphor and blending theories to user-generated discourse in digital reading environments. It highlights how readers actively participate in meaning-making by creatively conceptualizing fictional characters through everyday experiences and culturally grounded knowledge.
The Contemporary Japanese Imagination in Makoto Shinkai's Tenki no Ko Muslimah Nur Irfan; Lina Meilinawati Rahayu; Amaliatun Saleha
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.166

Abstract

Makoto Shinkai’s Tenki no Ko (2019) presents a narrative that moves across urban spaces shaped by modern technology, social pressure, and ecological instability, a movement that is closely experienced by its characters as they navigate everyday life in contemporary Japan. This study focuses on how Japan is imagined in Tenki no Ko and how that imagination presents utopia as a form of critique of contemporary Japanese society. The analysis uses a qualitative descriptive approach using the semiotics of Ferdinand de Saussure to reveal the relationship between signs in the text and the representation of modern Japan. The meaning of these signs is then connected to Ernst Bloch’s theory of utopia to see how hope and future possibilities are shown in the narrative. By combining these two frameworks, this study examines Tenki no Ko not only as a critique of Japan’s social and ecological conditions but also as presenting utopia as an ongoing process. The findings show that Tenki no Ko offers a critique of modernity while presenting utopia not as a perfect final world. Instead, utopia appears as a form of hope that grows from human relations with the city and with nature. From this analysis, the article argues that Tenki no Ko functions both as a critique of modernity and as an imaginative space where alternative ways of coexisting with nature in contemporary Japan can be continuously negotiated.
Looking for Recognition: Mimicry as a Strategy for Equality Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Jejak Langkah Catharina Brameswari; Gabriel Ephifanio Suwanto; Gabriel Fajar Sasmita Aji
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.168

Abstract

This research investigates mimicry as a postcolonial strategy for achieving equality in Toer’s Jejak Langkah, drawing on Bhabha’s theoretical framework. This study examines how the pribumi strategically use mimicry within the Dutch East Indies to negotiate power. Jejak Langkah reveals multiple layers of how mimicry operates across colonial society. From a top-down perspective, mimicry appears at the societal level in the adoption of colonial model shaping education and political structures. At the community level, it emerges through patterns of interaction with one another. At the personal level, it is reflected in the choice of attire, style, and cultural expression. This research argues that mimicry is not merely imitation or cultural submission but an elaborate strategy used by the colonized to be perceived as an equal. Through Minke’s transformation, Toer symbolizes how the pribumi adopt the culture of the colonizer to gain recognition and authority. This interpretation exposes mimicry not only as a sign of defeat but also a larger approach born out of necessity within colonial society. The findings contribute to postcolonial studies by examining how the pribumi characters navigate cultural dynamics within the colonial environment and how mimicry becomes a tool for survival, recognition, and liberation from oppression. This led to a better understanding of the social context and how conflict emerges within the Dutch East Indies. The findings suggest the use of mimicry is not one-dimensional but layered to serve a means and purpose for the colonized.
Professor Lidenbrock as a Reflection of Empiricism in Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth Edo Tri Fitriyanto
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.210

Abstract

Jules Verne’s Journey to the Centre of the Earth (1864), one of the author's notable novels, is claimed for its philosophical issues. This close critical analysis attempts to examine the concept of empiricism integrated in the literary text within the moral and philosophical approaches. It focuses on the identification of Professor Lidenbrock’s character depictions and the examination of Professor Lidenbrock from the concept of empiricism. This study is a library research design, applying Murphy’s theory of characterisation in fiction and Locke’s conception of empiricism. The results show that Professor Lidenbrock is generally depicted as a curious, analytic, observant, and explorative figure, which illustrates basic empirical progressions in scientific discoveries. In line with Professor Lidenbrock’s depictions, this character reflects the idea of empiricism, which believes that sensory experience is the main source of human knowledge. This philosophical idea is illustrated in his quest for knowledge, which is grounded in direct interaction with the external world through the sensory experience. Professor Lidenbrock depicts the quest for knowledge as an intellectual activity that serves as a justification for the truth. It highlights the fundamental narrative of the character’s morality, revealing how intellectual virtue establishes the essence of humans in understanding the scientific reality of the universe.
Navigating (In)directness: The Translation of Javanese Directive Utterances into English in Film Subtitles Emi Nursanti; Suhandano Suhandano; Sulistyowati Sulistyowati
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.216

Abstract

Translating politeness and (in)directness in speech acts presents a considerable challenge in audiovisual translation, where cultural details are frequently lost.  This problem becomes much more apparent for languages with a complex politeness system, such as Javanese, when translated into English. This study investigates how the (in)directness and politeness of directive speech acts (DSAs) are translated from Javanese into English in film subtitles, focusing on the strategies employed and their pragmatic implications. A qualitative-dominant mixed-methods approach was applied to Javanese-English directive utterances from 20 short films produced by the Provincial Government of the Special Region of Yogyakarta. The results show that the direct translation (59.6%) was far from mere literal translation, as it involved significant modulation to preserve the source text’s illocutionary force, while translation shifts (40.4%) demonstrate the translator’s effort of pragmatic mediation. Specifically, 58.2% of the shifts toward enhanced directness were aimed at meeting subtitle constraints and improving clarity, while 41.8% of the shifts toward lessened directness were meant to conform to English norms of negative politeness, which occasionally compromise speaker intent. These findings affirm that politeness in translation is a dynamic variable that needs adjusting. In dealing with such an issue, translators act as intercultural mediators who should navigate the spectrum between directness and indirectness in two different cultures.
The Lebanese Bubble in Paris: Diasporic Identity and Memory in Beyrouth-sur-Seine by Sabyl Ghoussoub Arifah Arum Candra Hayuningsih; Ari Bagus Panuntun
Journal of Language and Literature Vol. 26 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : English Letters Department, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Sanata Dharma

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24071/joll.v26i1.434

Abstract

This article discusses how diaspora identity is reconstructed through memory in Sabyl Ghoussoub's novel Beyrouth-sur-Seine. The study examines the lived experiences of Kaïssar and Hanane, Lebanese refugees who immigrated to Paris. This research asks how everyday practices are mediated as a space for negotiating identity, rather than merely memorialising the past. Drawing on Marianne Hirsch's concept of postmemory and Homi K. Bhabha's theories of cultural hybridity and the third space, this article argues that memory in the novel acts as a generative and productive force, one that allows characters to inhabit an in-between space where Lebanese and French elements are constantly negotiated and infused with new meanings. This research applies qualitative text analysis through close reading of the novel’s narrative structure, spatial descriptions, and domestic rituals. The study finds that domestic space and cultural practices, spanning both material and affective dimensions of life, act as a micro-political space of resilience. Through these everyday acts, Kaïssar and Hanane transform the experience of exile into a generative third space, reconstructing a diasporic identity that moves beyond both nostalgia and trauma. This reading contributes to contemporary discussions on migration by foregrounding the affective and intimate labour that sustains and reconfigures diasporic identities in everyday life.

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