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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 77 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012" : 77 Documents clear
PEMURNIAN BIOETANOL MENGGUNAKAN PROSES ADSORBSI DAN DISTILASI ADSORBSI DENGAN ADSORBENT ZEOLIT Dewi Novitasari; Djati Kusumaningrum; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Bioethanol is an alcohol substance which can be obtained by biomass fermentation process bymeans of Saccharomyces Cereviceae help. Adsorption is a separation process where thecomponents of a fluid phase moves to the absorbing surface of the solid (adsorbent). This researchaims to examine the process of bioethanol purificationusing adsorption and distillation process bythe influence of variations of the variables. In the distillation process produces ethanol conyentthat is not too high, so it needs to be atudied a process that can increase the purity of bioethanolwith distillation adsorption process. Bioethanol purification process using zeolite as adsorbentwith 4 variables change in the adsorption process, namely: the type of zeolite, stirring time,residence time, and heavy of zeolite. Whereas ondistillation adsorption process using 4 variableschange, namely: the type of zeolite, temperaturem weight of zeolite, and processing time. From theresults most effective process for ethanol purification is distillation adsorbtion process with zeolite4A adsorbent weighing 100 grams, the process temperature 78oC, processing time 50 minutes.Levels of ethanol produced was 98,42%.
HIDROLISIS KITOSAN MENGGUNAKAN KATALIS ASAM KLORIDA (HCl) Irsan Adhiatama; Muhamad Zainudin; Nur Rokhati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The molecular weight is an important factor in the application of chitosan. High molecular weight will restrict the use of chitosan. This research uses a chemical process with acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis is de-polymerization to lower molecular weight that occur because of the termination of glycoside bond by reaction with water (H2O). De-polymerization of chitosan is different from other polysaccharide compounds, because its have a difficult decomposed β-bond and a cationic amine groups. Therefore, it required operating conditions and type of catalyst to produce chitosan in accordance with specifications. The purpose of this research is to obtain optimum conditions of chitosan hydrolysis process and determine the type of acid catalyst is best to produce chitosan with low molecular weight (LMWCs). Results showed that temperature, catalyst concentration, and type of catalyst greatly affect on the depolymerization of chitosan. Depolymerization effect increases with increasing temperature and catalyst concentration, characterized by reduced viscosity and molecular weight of chitosan. To produce chitosan with a molecular weight between 50-100 kDa, optimum conditions : temperature of 70 0C, hydrolysis time 120 minutes, and the concentration of Hidrochloric Acid (HCl )was 0.6 to 0.8 N.
PENGARUH KATALIS ASAM (H2SO4) DAN SUHU REAKSI DALAM PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI LIMBAH MINYAK IKAN Boby Gusman Irianto Samosir; Fradriyan Aulia; Luqman Buchori
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biodesel is a fuel that consists of a mixture of monoalkyl esters of long fatty acid used as an alternative for. The purpose of this study was to produce biodiesel using fish waste as raw materials and the influence of the acid catalyst and reaction temperature on biodiesel specifications. For fixed variables consist of: weight of fish oil, cooking time, comparison of oil content of methanol, catalyst wt%, while variable changes consist of: the amount of acid catalyst, and reaction temperature. Variation of catalyst used in this study were 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, and 4 ml, while the variation for the reaction temperature is 50oC, 60oC, 70oC and 80oC. In this study consists of two stages. The first stage is making biodesel which consists of: preparation and analysis of fish oils, esterification and transesterification of triglycerides and glycerol separation. In the second phase is to analyze the physical properties biodesel result of transesterification The results obtained that the change in temperature and amount of catalyst H2SO4 affect the yield value, viscosity, density and refractive index of biodiesel. The changes affect the amount of catalyst H2SO4 calorific value of biodiesel. In the process of making biodiesel from fish oil obtained results close to Test for specific gravity, viscosity and refractive index is a variation of temperature (70oC, 80oC; amount of catalyst H2SO4 1 ml, 2 ml, 3 ml, 4 ml) and variations in temperature (60oC amount of catalyst 3 ml, 4 ml). The calorific value of biodiesel from fish oil every variation of catalyst amount is far below the heating value of SNI, which is between 5190 - 5575 kcal / kg.
PENGHILANGAN RACUN ASAM SIANIDA ( HCN ) DALAM UMBI GADUNG DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN BAHAN PENYERAP ABU Ahmad Luthfi Alma’arif; Ariska Wijaya; Djoko Murwono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Gadung constitutes carbohydrate source. But then, gadung also contain poison who can switch off if consumed by overdose. Severally region at Indonesian, gadung is utilized as food of alternative or just is utilized as demulcent food. Besides as source of carbohydrate, gadung also contain calcium, phosphorus and iron substance one stand in good stead in human body. Remembering gadung quality that exists at marketing that stills to contemn, so needs to be studied by method that effisien and results gadung that high-grade. To the effect this research is subject to be know HCN's poison rate that exists in gadung's corm, knowing absorbent material type influence (chaff ash and wood ash) one that is utilized and weight influence of that absorbent material for disappearance to titrate HCN's poison in gadung's corm. Research did by adds absorbent material on surface cut gadung with rolled out. Gadung already being sliced by little – little then added by absorbent material (chaff ash, wood ash, and active carbon) until rolled out goes to all cut surface with variation (5%, 10%,15%) and is set, packaged by calico. Then is pressed and at aging up to 24 hours and afterwards are dried. Soaking in water 15 liters up to 72 hours, then is dried again. Experimental result then analysed by spektrofotometri's quiz tool so known by HCN's poison rate that lost from umbi gadung. Result is that show trial active carbon can't be utilized to absorb HCN'S poison, meanwhile wood ash and chaff ash can be utilized as absorbent material of HCN'S poison on gadung's corm. Chaff ash with composition 5%,10%,15% get to remove HCN as big as 42,08%; 56,57%; 56,58%. Timbered ash with composition 5%,10%,15% can remove HCN'S poisons as big as 27,44%; 56,51%; 63,78%. Optimum absorbent material acquired on absorbent material type that is utilized as ash of wood as big as 15% of heavy gadung's corms, which is poison which gets lost as big as 63,78%.
PENGARUH WAKTU FERMENTASI DAN EFEKTIVITAS ADSORBEN DALAM PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL FUEL GRADE DARI LIMBAH POD KAKAO (THEOBROMA CACAO) A. Rachman Fauzi; Didik Haryadi; Slamet Priyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The scarcity of fuel oil globally will need to use biofuels as a alternative fuel. One of it is bioethanol. Bioethanol is ethanol produced from sugar fermentation. Generally bioethanol made from crops like sugar cane and sweet sorghum. Though the plant has a use value as food. This can cause food prices creeping up highly interest in plants and biofuel producers to process the material into bioethanol. Cocoa plantation commodities whose role is quite important to the national economy. Components of the cocoa pod waste is the largest cocoa pod which is 75%. The cocoa pod has a coarse fiber which consists of 27,8278 % lignin, 22,852 % cellulose,and 11,9482 % hemicellulose. The content of cellulose and hemicellulose in the cocoa pod can be further processed into bioethanol by hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation and adsorption (purification). Method for the purification of bioethanol used adsoption, to separate water from ethanol compound. The study was conducted using experimental methods and performed in the laboratory of chemical engineering, University of Diponegoro. Phases of the study are preparation materials, hydrolysis, fermentation, distillation, adsorption, and analysis of results. Variables change at the time of fermentation experiments (144: 168: 192: 216) hours, but it's kind of adsorbent during the distillation of molecular sieve 3A, silica gel and a mixture of molecular sieve 3A and silica gel. Variables fixed at the stage of hydrolysis is 100 grams of cocoa pod powder, 2N H2SO4, 1 liter distilled water, 4 hours of hydrolysis time, hydrolysis temperature 100OC. Variables fermentation stage are 0.23% w S. cerevisiae, 18% glucose, 0.5% w Urea, 0.06% w NPK, pH 5. At this stage of the distillation temperature of 85 °C, the volume of 60 ml, 1.5-hour distillation time and at this stage of dehydration is 90gram weight of adsorbent, temperature 78OC. Responses were observed levels of ethanol that is produced on fermentation time and the ability of  molecular sieve 3A or silica gel in ethanol purification. The result showed that the fermentation of the cocoa pod is the best at 168 hours. Molecular sieve 3A is a better adsorbent than silica gel or molecular sieve 3A + mixture of silica gel. Fuel grade ethanol is obtained by the adsorption of the ethanol content of 95.87% to 99.16% using molecular sieve 3A.
PEMANFAATAN ZEOLIT ALAM UNTUK PENGERINGAN KARAGINAN DENGAN SPRAY DRYER Babar Priyadi M.H; Thufail Khoirul Afifi; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The problem that will be faced in drying is quite high relative humidity, therefore carrageenan drying process using spray dryer with zeolite as humidity absorber becomes alternative option to achieve heat effectiveness of air dryer. The research is purposed to examine the effect of temperature and level of zeolite to relative humidity and product quality on carrageenan drying process. Spray dryer is a dryer used to produce powder material from feeds which have liquid and pasta form. The Results indicate that humidity and carrageenan product quality are influenced by drying air temperature and zeolite level. Zeolite absorber will influence humidity. The higher zeolite level is, the lower humidity will be. when zeolite level 25 cm, the initial relative humidity is about 70%. It will be decrease until 27% and the drying air temperature before heater gets increase from 28ᵒC to 42ᵒC. The higher drying air temperature and zeolite level are, the better quality of carrageenan product will be. When drying air temperature is 90 ᵒC and zeolite level is 25 cm, moisture content of carrageenan product is 30,17% and the highest product efficiency is 68,67%. Carrageenan product efficiency gets increase by increasing drying air temperature and zeolite level.
MODIFIKASI TEPUNG DARI UMBI GADUNG MENGGUNAKAN EKSTRAK RIMPANG JAHE SEBAGAI BAHAN MAKANAN FUNGSIONAL S. Siswanto; Thamrin Manurung; Sri Budiyati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

This research aims to study the modification of gadung (Dioscorea hispida Dennst) flour using ginger oil as cross linking agent following dispersion methods to meet the standards of the physicochemical properties of wheat. In keeping with that purpose, will be investigated the influence of molar ratio of ginger oil with of gadung flour (1:2 and 1:3), reaction time (30, 60, 90 and 120 minutes) and temperature (30, 40 and 50oC) on water solubility and swelling power  properties of the modified gadung flour. This research begins by mixing the suspension of gadung flour and ginger oil on the condition appropriate to the variable, then the product was dried and analyzed the swelling power and water solubility. Ratio of Ginger oil : gadung flour (1:3) with a temperature at 30oC and 60 minutes is the best condition of modification obtained from this study, where the modified gadung flour obtained has a very similar water solubility and swelling power properties with American wheat flour, which were 7.28 (g/100g) and 7.9 (g/g), respectively.The weakness of modified gadung flour was only  the presence of the remaining ginger aroma.
KARAKTERISASI PATI TALAS (Colocasia Esculenta (L.) Schott) SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF SUMBER PATI INDUSTRI DI INDONESIA Wida Rahmawati; Yovita Asih Kusumastuti; Nita Aryanti
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Utilization of taro as the taro flour or taro starch will increase the economic value and the shelf life of products taro. Utilization of taro tubers during this simply as a snack, such as chips. Whereas in other countries namely the United States, Hawaii, Japan, Philippines, Brazil and Columbia have made a variety of taro tuber industrial commodities such as biscuits, bread, pasta and taro. Therefore, this study focused on the manufacture of starch and modified starch taro taro as one alternative source of starch industry in Indonesia. The purpose of this study is to get the characteristics of taro starch and modified starch and starch compared with markets such as corn starch, rice and cassava. In this study analysis, which includes characterization of starch. Characteristics of taro starch were tested consisted of moisture content, starch content, amylose and amylopectin content. The water content of taro starch produced ranged from 5.3 to 13.18 so still meet the quality standards of industrial starch is less than 14%. Starch content of tubers produced by 80% taro, taro flour by 75% while the starch content derived from the modification of taro only 65%. Low levels of starch modification due to the degradation that occurs in the process of modification. The resulting levels of amylose has an average value of 4.41%. Low levels of amylose due to the low starch content. Thus indirectly affect the levels of amylose. While the levels of amylopectin starch modification of taro only 60.88%. This is because the process of modification using acid hydrolysis led to a reduction of amylopectin. Starch is a starch modification process that has undergone physical or chemical treatment in a controlled manner so that changing one or more of its original properties, such as the initial temperature of gelatinization, during gelatinization characteristics, acidification and stirring. While hydrochloric acid hydrolysis of starch which aims to produce a more tenuous structure so that water is more volatile at the time of drying.
OPTIMASI PROSES EKSTRAKSI KITIN MENJADI KITOSAN DARI LIMBAH KULIT ULAT HONGKONG ( TENEBRIO MOLITOR ) Asih Budiutami; Nurhua Kumala Sari; Slamet Priyanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Chitosan has a lot of benefits such as antifungal, antibacterial, coatings, absorbing water and fat.Most of research to process chitosan use a waste from crustaceans such as shrimp, small crab skins, leather and other crabs. But in reality, there are many other types of arthopoda that contain chitin, for example is the class of Insecta as Tenebrio Molitor (meal worm). Meal worm contain the chitin in the skin. Meal worm  change of skin as much as 15 times before it finally turns into a cocoon. it is the waste in meal worm cultivation and still have rich in chitin. To extract the chitin into chitosan consists of three stages namely deprotenisasi, demineralization and deacetylation. Product of in this research is if with increase of consentration NaOH and increase of operation temperature so protein contain will be decrease, mineral contain so much the decrease, and deacetylation of degree be increase. Optimum condition of deproteinisation process at 3% w/v concentration of NaOH and temperature at 90 oC with protein contain 4,25%. Optimum condition of demineralization process at 2,5 N concentration of HCl with Ca contain 0,76% and Mg contain 2,44 mg/100gr. Optimum condition of deacetylation process at 5% w/v concentration of NaOH and temperature at 100oC with deacetylation of degree is 61,2% and product of rendemen is 33,1%.
PENGURANGAN KADAR KALSIUM OKSALAT PADA UMBI TALAS MENGGUNAKAN NaHCO3 : SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR TEPUNG Fitria Dwi Aprilia Maulina; Indah Mugi Lestari; Diah S. Retnowati
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Taro is one of the tubers that have an alternative as a staple food. However, the taro tuber has many shortages. The content of oxalate can cause itchiness and it will reduce the absorption of calcium in the body. In this experiment 200 gr pieces of taro was boiled with a solution of NaHCO3 at a specific concentration and temperature with the weight to volume ratio was 1:4 (w / v). Reactions were conducted for 60 minutes and every 20 minutes samples were taken for calcium oxalate content analyzed. Furthermore, taro were dried, milled, and sieved to be flour.  In this research, temperature is the most influential variable on reducing calcium oxalate content. Taro tubers heated in water at a temperature of 60 C can reduce about 93.1% of calcium oxalate from raw material. In 6% w NaHCO3 solution at 60C, calcium oxalate content can be reduced to 98.52% and only difference 5.42% compared to using only heat. The best reduction in calcium oxalate content was found on the  60C heating process which is continued by adding of NaHCO3 6% w. It reduce calcium oxalate content about 98.52%  or remaining calcium oxalate content 16.2 mg/100 g  taro, which is below the threshold level (71 mg/100 gr).

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