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Enhancement of Hybrid SPEEK Based Polymer–Cyclodextrin-Silica Inorganic Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko; Hakim, Muhammad Fahmi; Hadiyanto, H
International Journal of Renewable Energy Development Vol 6, No 2 (2017): July 2017
Publisher : Center of Biomass & Renewable Energy, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/ijred.6.2.165-170

Abstract

Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is one of several types of fuel cells that use proton exchange membrane  (PEM) as a liaison between the reaction at the cathode and anode. Polyether-ether ketone (PEEK) is one of the aromatic polymer that can be applied in DMFC because of its characteristics that are resistant to DMFC environment. The polymer is also quite easy in the sulfonation process using concentrated sulfuric acid. However the role of polyether-ether ketone as DMFC membrane material is still lack of advantage due to its low conductivity and therefore the modification is required to increase the value of proton conductivity of the membrane. The purpose of this experiment is to modify the membrane (sPEEK) with the addition of cyclodextrins-silica, additive variation charge of 2%, 6% and 10%, time and temperature were fixed at 4 hours and 65oC. The results showed the best results of membrane sPEEK was obtained at the addition of -cyclodextrin -silica 10% with the membrane characteristics of ion exchange capacity of 2.19 meq / g polymer, the degree of sulfonation of 81%, methanol permeability of 3.09 x 10-9 cm2 / s and water uptake membrane of 64%.Article History: Received January 18th 2017; Received in revised form April 21st 2017; Accepted June 22nd 2017; Available onlineHow to Cite This Article: Kusworo, T.D., Hakim, M.F. and Hadiyanto, H. (2017) Enhancement of Hybrid SPEEK Based Polymer–Cyclodextrin-Silica Inorganic Membrane for Direct Methanol Fuel Cell Application. International Journal of Renewable Energy Development, 6(2), 165-170.https://doi.org/10.14710/ijred.6.2.165-170
The characterization of NiO-CoO/MgO catalyst for autothermal reforming of methane Kusworo, Tutuk Djoko; Songip, A R; Amin, N A. Saidina
Jurnal Teknik Kimia Indonesia Vol 4, No 2 (2005)
Publisher : ASOSIASI PENDIDIKAN TINGGI TEKNIK KIMIA INDONESIA (APTEKIM)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5614/jtki.2005.4.2.1

Abstract

The characterization of NiO-CoO/MgO catalyst for autothermal reforming of methaneThe drawback of conventional reforming of methane such as partial oxidation and steam reforming was carbon formation. The research was developed a suitable catalyst for combination of partial and steam reforming of methane and called autothermal reforming to reduce the coke formation. The NiO-CoO/MgO catalysts were prepared by an impregnation method and characterized by Temperature Programmed Reduction (TPR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Thermal Gravitymetry Analysis (TGA). The TPR and XRD results reveal that the catalyst characteristic is strongly influenced by the Co/Ni ratio. From TPR and TGA analysis, the sintering phenomena did not occur in the autothermal reforming of methane. The results reveal that Co/Ni ratios have a small effect in the catalytic activity for autothermal reforming. Nevertheless, the catalyst showed an optimum performance in this process when its Co/Ni ratio was 0.75. Keywords: Autothermal ReformingAbstrakMasalah yang terjadi pada proses konvensional reformasi metana seperti oksidasi parsial metana dan reformasi kukus adalah pembentukan karbon. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah mengembangkan katalis yang sesuai untuk gabungan proses oksidasi parsial dan reformasi kukus atau yang disebut reformasi metana secara autothermal. Katalis NiO-CoO/MgO yang digunakan dibuat dengan metode impregnasi dan dilakukan pengujian dengan TPR, XRD dan TGA untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat dari katalis tersebut. Hasil TPR dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik dari katalis sangat dipengaruhi oleh perbandingan CoiN i. Hasil pengamatan TPR dan TGA menunjukan bahwa sintering tidak terjadi di dalam proses reformasi metana secara autothermal. Hasil eksperimen juga menunjukan bahwa perbandingan Co/Ni hanya kecil pengaruhnya pada unjuk kerja katalis. Namun demikian katalis menunjukan unjuk kerja yang optimum pada perbandingan CoiN i = 0.75. Kata Kunci: Reformasi Autothermal
The Effect of Acid Concentration (H2SO4) on the Yield and Functional Group during Lignin Isolation of Biomass Waste Pulp and Paper Industry Slamet Priyanto; Anansya Putri Intan; Bambang Rianto; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Bambang Pramudono; Edi Untoro; Puspa Ratu
Reaktor Volume 19 No. 4 December 2019
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (299.316 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.19.4.162-167

Abstract

Declining oil production in Indonesia lately has been much discussed by industrial practitioners, especially from the petroleum industry. The decrease is due to the age of old drilling wells with high water cut (> 90%), so it is necessary to pursue a production method that can increase the production of these old wells. The EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) method is one way of extracting oil from oil wells that cannot be further retrieved by injecting materials that are not in the reservoir. One ingredient that can be injected is Sodium Ligno Sulfonate (SLS) surfactant derived from lignin. Lignin was obtained from the lignin isolation process from Black Liquor, which in this study came from the pulp and paper mill waste of PT. Indah Kiat, Pekanbaru, Sumatra, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of variations in H2SO4 concentrations (concentrations of 15%, 20%, 25%, 30% w/w) on the yield of lignin isolation results, and to compare the functional groups between dirty lignin, clean lignin, and pure lignin using FT-IR. Based on the research results, it was found that the best lignin is lignin with an H2SO4 concentration of 20%, with the highest yield and the color of lignin produced tends to be similar to pure lignin. In addition, it was found that the peak of the net lignin group had more similarity with commercial lignin compared to crude lignin. Keywords: Lignin, Black Liquor, Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR), FTIR
Synthesis of Surfactant Tert-Butyl Glycosides from Glucose and Tert-Butanol Harsa Pawignya; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Bambang Pramudono
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 4 December 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (544.191 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.04.202-208

Abstract

In Indonesia, a lot of discarded agricultural waste still contains cellulose (35-50%), the waste can still be hydrolyzed to glucose and then used as raw material in the manufacture of surfactants. Glucose can be reacted with tert-butanol using a para-toluene sulfonic acid catalyst to form tert-butyl glycoside surfactant. The purpose of this study was to study the process conditions influence the variable mole ratio, temperature, and catalyst percent on the yield of tert-butyl glycosides. The results showed that at mole ratio 1:5; temperature 70oC; and the percentage of catalyst 2.5 %, the yield obtained was 98.58 % with tert-butyl glycosides content of 61.2 %. Furthermore, the molecular structure of the surfactant was analyzed using FTIR while surface tension to determine the hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) value and obtained an HLB value of 4.61 Therefore, tert-butyl glycoside surfactant can be used as an emulsifier in the water-in-oil emulsion system.Keywords: glucose; surfactant; tert-butanol; tert-butyl glycosides
Optimization of Bio-oil Production from Empty Palm Fruit Bunches by Pyrolysis using Response Surface Methodology Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Bayu Aji Pratama; Dhea Putri Safira
Reaktor Volume 20 No.1 March 2020
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (27.136 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.20.1.1-9

Abstract

The need for fuel oil continues to increase in line with the increasing number of human populations and the growth rate of dependence on fuel oil. Bio-oil is a condensed-liquid mixture that results from the thermal derivation of biomass containing hemicellulose, lignin, and cellulose. This research developed an optimization of the operation condition of bio-oil from empty palm fruit bunches (OPEFB) using a modified pyrolysis reactor. The temperature and mass of empty palm fruit bunches were the two parameters considered in this study. Optimization was carried out on process parameters using the surface response methodology (RSM) and variance analysis (ANOVA). The significance of the different parameters and the effect of the relationship between parameters on the bio-oil yield is determined using a full factorial central composite design. The optimal operation condition of pyrolysis was found to be 570.71 oC, and the mass of empty palm fruit bunch 420.71 gr. Predictions from the optimum variable of operating conditions produce a bio-oil yield of 5.58%. The actual bio-oil yield on the optimum condition that was be validated is 5.6 %. The chemical composition of bio-oil obtained was evaluated by GCMS to ensure its characterization as a fuel.Keywords: Empty palm fruit bunches, Bio-oil, Pyrolysis, Response Surface Methodology, Optimization
PENGARUH KATALIS Co DAN Fe TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CARBON NANOTUBES DARI GAS ASETILENA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN PROSES CATALYTIC CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (CCVD) Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Desmile Yusufina; Atyaforsa Atyaforsa
Reaktor Volume 14, No. 3, APRIL 2013
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1937.962 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.14.3.234-241

Abstract

EFFECT OF Co AND Fe ON CARBON NANOTUBES CHARACTERISTICS FROM ACETYLENE USING CATALYTIC CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION (CCVD) PROCESS. Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) is one of the most well known nano-technology applications which the most of attracting the attention of researchers, because it has more advantages than other materials. The application of the CNT has extended into various aspects, such as electronics, materials, biology and chemistry. This research uses a system of Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD), which aims to determine the influence of Co and Fe as a catalyst and zeolite 4A as a support catalyst with acetylene gas (C2H2) as carbon source in the synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs). In this experiment, used the ratio of acetylene gas and flow rate of N2 gas is 1:1 by weight of the catalyst Co/Zeolite and Fe/Zeolite amounted to 0.5 grams at the operating temperature of 700oC for 20 minutes. N2 gas serves to minimize the occurrence of oxidation reaction (explosion) when operating. From analysis result by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows the CNTs formed a type of MWNT with different of diameter size and product weight, depending on the size of the active component concentration on the catalyst. The larger of active components produced CNTs with larger diameter, whereas product weight syntheses result smaller. Use of the catalyst Fe/Zeolite produce CNTs with a diameter larger than the catalyst Co/Zeolite.  Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) merupakan salah satu aplikasi nanoteknologi yang paling terkenal dan banyak menarik perhatian para peneliti, karena memiliki beberapa kelebihan daripada material lainnya. Aplikasi dari CNT telah merambah ke berbagai aspek, seperti bidang elektronika, material, biologi dan kimia. Penelitian ini menggunakan sistem Catalytic Chemical Vapour Deposition (CCVD) yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh variasi Cobalt (Co) dan Ferrum (Fe) sebagai katalis dan zeolit tipe 4A sebagai penyangga katalis dengan gas asetilen (C2H2) sebagai sumber karbon dalam sintesis carbon nanotubes (CNTs). Pada penelitian ini digunakan perbandingan laju alir gas asetilen dan gas N2 yaitu 1:1 dengan berat katalis Co/Zeolit  dan Fe/Zeolit masing-masing sebesar 0,5 gram pada suhu operasi 700 oC selama 20 menit. Dari hasil analisa Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) menunjukkan CNTs yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini memiliki tipe Multi Walled Nano Tube (MWNT) dengan ukuran diameter dan berat produk yang berbeda, tergantung dari besarnya konsentrasi komponen aktif pada katalis. Semakin besar konsentrasi komponen aktif akan dihasilkan CNTs dengan diameter yang semakin  besar, sedangkan berat produk semakin kecil. Penggunaan katalis Fe/Zeolit dengan kalsinasi akan menghasilkan CNTs dengan diameter yang lebih besar daripada katalis Co/Zeolit.
THE EFFECT OF TYPE ZEOLITE ON THE GAS TRANSPORT PROPERTIES OF POLYIMIDE-BASED MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANES Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; Azeman Mustafa; Kang Li
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 2, Desember 2008
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1031.354 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.2.68-77

Abstract

The permeation rates of O2, N2, CO2 and CH4 has been studied for polyimide-polyethersulfone (PI/PES) blends-zeolite mixed matrix membranes synthesized in our laboratory. The study investigated the effect of zeolite loading and different zeolite type on the gas separation performance of these mixed matrix membranes. Frequency shifts and absorption intensity changes in the FTIR spectra of the PI/PES blends as compared with those of the pure polymers indicate that there is a mixing of polymer blends at the molecular level. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements of pure and PI/PES blends membranes have showed one unique glass transition temperature that supports the miscible character of the PI/PES mixture. The PI/PES-zeolite 4A mixed matrix membrane with 25 wt % zeolite loading produced the highest O2/N2 and CO2/CH4 selectivity of around 7.45 and 46.05, respectively.
Process Parameters Optimization in Membrane Fabrication for Produced Water Treatment Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD) Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Dani Puji Utomo; Annizah Rahmatya Gerhana; Hanifah Angga Putra
Reaktor Volume 18 No. 1 March 2018
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.744 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.18.1.7-15

Abstract

Produced water is wastewater from oil production that must be treated well. Membrane is one alternative to water treatment technology based on filtration method. But, in the use of a membrane, there’s no exact variable optimal that influences performance of the membrane. This underlying research to assess factors that influences the performance of membrane to be more optimal.  Therefore, the objectives of this study determine the optimum variable through Respond Surface Methodology and Central Composite Design. After getting the optimal condition then will check the stability of the membrane. This experiment of optimization of produced water with asymmetric membrane's Polyether sulfone (PES) using Response Surface is done with varying the Zeolite concentration by low level 1% weight and 3% weight, length of UV irradiation time low level 2 minutes and high level 6 minutes, thermal annealing low level 160 ºC and high-level 180ºC. An analyzer done in this research was by processing data research to make table and charts of the relationship between the result of this experiment with changed variable, namely variation of PES concentration, time of UV ray and thermal annealing by using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Central Composite Design (CCD).
FOULING BEHAVIOR OF MODIFIED CELLULOSE ACETATE ASYMMETRIC MEMBRANES FOR DIFFERENT BRACKISH WATER TREATMENT Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; B Budiyono; Eva Sofiana; Ulfah Nurul Aulia Rochyani; Dani Puji Utomo
Reaktor Volume 17 No.1 Maret 2017
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (31.232 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.17.1.43-52

Abstract

Water treatment technology which is being widely developed is membrane technology as an alternative technology with sieving mechanism principle.The main purposes of this research are to investigate the effects of additives and thermal treatment on the cellulose acetate membrane morphology and performance in treating brackish water.The membrane was fabricated by preparation of dope solution consits of cellulose acetate and acetone. The membrane was casted via NIPS method using mechanic casting knife. Dope solution was prepared by varying the PEG concentration of 1 and 5wt-% and the annealing temperature at 60°C and 25°C for 10 seconds. The backwash technique was used to solve fouling mechanism in this system .The results of SEM and FTIR showed that theb higher PEG addition to the dope solution resulted in larger membrane pore size and increase the hydrophilic properties of membrane. However the higher temperature and the longer annealing timg, the skin layer of membrane become denser. The result was also shown that back wash technique can reduced fouling phenomenon in the membrane. 
SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF POLYIMIDE-ZEOLITE MIXED MATRIX MEMBRANE Budiyono Budiyono; Tutuk Djoko Kusworo; Ahmad Fauzi Ismail; I Nyoman Widiasa; Seno Johari; Sunarso Sunarso
Reaktor Volume 12, Nomor 4, Desember 2009
Publisher : Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Diponegoro University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1285.674 KB) | DOI: 10.14710/reaktor.12.4.245 – 252

Abstract

Biogas has become an attractive alternative energy source due to the limitation of energy from fossil. In this study, a new type of mixed matrix membrane (MMM) consisting of polyimide-zeolite was synthesized and characterized for biogas purification. The MMM consists of medium concentration of polymer (20% wt polyimide), 80% N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) and 25% zeolite 4A in total solid were prepared by a dry/wet phase inversion technique.  The fabricated MMM was characterized using SEM, DSC, TGA and gas permeation. Post treatment coating procedure was also conducted. The research showed that surface coating by 3% silicone rubber toward MMM PI 20% gave the significant effect to improve membrane selectivity. The ideal selectivity for CO2/CH4 separation increased from 0.99 for before coating to 7.9 after coating for PI-Zeolite MMM, respectively. The results suggest that PI-Zeolite MMM with good post treatment procedure will increase the membrane selectivity and permeability with more saver polymer requirement as well as energy saving due to low energy for mixing.