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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
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Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 178 Documents
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PEMANFAATAN PATI SINGKONG KARET (Manihot glaziovii) UNTUK PRODUKSI BIOETANOL FUEL GRADE MELALUI PROSES DISTILASI-DEHIDRASI MENGGUNAKAN ZEOLIT ALAM Nadia Zahrotul Firdausi; Nugraha Bayu Samodra; H Hargono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Bioethanol is an alcohol substance which can be obtained by biomass fermentation process by microorganism.Fuel grade bioethanol must obtain purity higher than 99,5% (w/w) . The making of fuel grade bioethanol through several processes, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification. Bioethanol can be produced from starch material such as singkong karet (Manihot glaziovii) which has no economic value as a food product. Before fermentation process, it must be hydolyzed first to convert starch into glucose by α-amylase dan glucoamylase enzyme. Fermentation process use Saccharomyces cerevisiae from fermipan yeast to convert glucose into ethanol. Ethanol purification use distillation process followed by dehydration process. Dehydration process use natural zeolite to break azeotrop composition of ethanol-water at 95,63% (w/w),in order to obtain fuel grade ethanol. The objectives of this research are to examine starch conversion into glucose by the effect of glucoamylase enzyme added, glucose conversion into ethanol by the effect of fermipan yeast added, and purity of ethanol obtained by the effect of zeolite used. This research results that the highest starch conversion is 42,20% in addition of glucoamylase enzyme 0,20% (v/v); the highest glucose conversion is 77,93% in addition of fermipan yeast 1,5% (w/v); and the highest purity of ethanol obtained is 99,73% (w/w) by using zeolite as adsorben 90% (w/v), which is accepted as fuel grade bioethanol.
PENJERNIHAN MINYAK PELUMAS BEKAS DENGAN METODE PENJERAPAN SUATU USAHA PEMANFAATAN KEMBALI MINYAK PELUMAS BEKAS SEBAGAI BASE OIL Johanna Lianna; Yunia Karyati; Herry Santosa
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Used lubricating oil which is fantastic in number is potential to be recycled into base oil to remove contaminants that contained in the lubricating oil. Research carried out is intended to determine the most effective type of adsorbent between coal, activated carbon or silica gel; assess the influence of concentration alkilbenzenesulfonate; as well as the most effective purification media between bentonite and zeolite as an effort in order to purify used lubricating oils. The study was conducted in three stages. First, the preparatory phase consisting of (a) characterization of lubricating oil, (b) reducing the size of various types of adsorbent to obtain the size of 2 to 3.25 mm, (c) activation of silica gel and zeolite, (d) making alkilbenzenesulfonate solution (ABS) on various concentrations. Second, the adsorption step to remove contaminants, for example solid material, metal, and water. The experiments were performed on the type of adsorbent : coal, activated carbon and silica gel. Third, purification stage using the alkilbenzenesulfonate as solvent. The experiments were performed by using solution of alkilbenzenesulfonate at various concentrations as well as purification media such as zeolite and bentonite. At the end of the experiment, tested the results against the percent transmittance, viscosity, viscosity index, and specific gravity. Ttransmittance was tested by using a spectrophotometer with a specification SP-300 OPTIMA at wavelength 680 nm, the viscosity was tested using viskosimeter Ostwald, viscosity index is calculated by comparing the viscosity experimental results with the viscosity of water, while the specific grafity is calculated by comparing the density experimental results with the density of water. To produce refined products that approach the specification of base oil, adsorption process is better done using coal as adsorbent, purification process using pure ABS and the use of zeolite as a medium for purification.
PENYEDIAAN ENERGI LISTRIK BERBASIS PERBEDAAN SALINITAS DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN TEKNOLOGI REVERSE ELECTRODIALYSIS Yoga Prasetya; Meindy Catur Risqiputra; Heru Susanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Since the formation of the Kyoto's Protocol and is based on reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) about the capture and storage of carbon dioxide gas in order to reduce the rate of climate change, there is a continual effort that oriented to the handling of CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, Although Indonesia has never been obligated to reduce its emissions, but this policy will have a big impact on Indonesia, especially in the energy sector. Until now, oil is still the main source of energy in fulfilling energy needs within the country. The role of a very large petroleum will continue, while the dwindling petroleum reserves.Recognizing the dependence on fossil fuels, there should be an effort to press the growth of the use of fuel oil . Nowadays, it has developed an alternative energy known as the Salinity Gradient Energy (SGE). Sanility Gradient Energy has great potential for use as an alternative energy especially in Indonesia, which is the state waters. This research is aimed for study the effect of the concentration of concentrated NaCl solution, dilute NaCl solution flow rate, feed of seawater synthesis and real sea water in generated of power density. This research started inmaking a concentrated NaCl solution with various concentrations of as much as 2 l and a dilute NaCl solution with a concentration of 1 g/l as much as 2 l. Continued with the second turning on the pump diaphragm for both types of feed solution flow into the channels contained in a series of tools. After a few moments appliance operates, the change of output voltage (V) and electric current (A) can be measured using a multitester, this measurement conducted every 20 seconds interval. and then repeat the same steps for each of the variables that have been defined.From this research was found that increase in feed flow rate, then the resulting power density is greater, because of the increased flow rate causes the rate of movement of ions to the electrode increases. on increasing of the concentrated NaCl solution, the resulting power density is greater, because of the increased concentration difference causes an increase in the chemical potential. And for sample nearly the same concentration (30 g/l), the resulting power density of sea water is greater than the synthesis of real sea water, because the value of electrolytes activation synthesis of sea water is greater than the real sea water. It can be concluded that the increase in flow rate and concentration, can increase the generated of power density.
PENGAMBILAN PEKTIN DARI KULIT PEPAYA DENGAN CARA EKSTRKSI Heni Sofiana; Khrista Triaswuri; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Pektin merupDari berbagPadahal baPemanfaatamerupakan kemampuanumumnya, ppelarut asammemanfaatkdalam ekstrpenelitian m1; 1,5; 2 jamorganik asaditentukan lsambil diaduberulang-uladianalisa kapektin mengrendemen pKondisi optidihasilkan teKata kunciPectin is oprocessing such as pecan additionalter the fufrom the plnew sourcetemperaturConduct ofextraction acid and owith the spwhile stirrirepeatedly.galacturonasolvent is mis 3.495% aof 80 ° C foKey words:MBILAN PHeni Sofiurusan Teknof. Soedartoupakan salah sgai pengolahagian tersebuan kulit pepakomponen tnnya dalam mpengambilan m. Tujuan dakan kulit pepayraksi pektin kmenggunakan m dengan meam asetat. Klalu bahan disuk-aduk hinggang. Pektin yadar metoksilggunakan peektin dengan pimum proses eergolong pekt: pektin, kulitone fruith thacan be productin. Utilizational componenunctional proplant can be does of pectin re and time inf research usitime 1, 1.5, 2rganic solvenpecified variabing until the p Pectin obtaiat. From the more optimumand 2.835% ofor 2 hours. Pe: pectin, papayPEKTIN iana, Khrisnik Kimia, o, Tembalansatu buah yanan tersebut dut masih meaya menjadi tambahan damengubah sifpektin dari ari penelitian ya sebagai bakemudian memetode ekstranggunakan duKulit pepaya ysaring denganga terbentuk eyang diperoll dan galaktularut asam kpelarut asamekstraksi pengtin dengan kadt pepaya, ekstrat can be conuced waste ason of papaya pnt in the food perties such asdone by extracusing papayan the extractioing the metho2 hours by usint acetic acid.bles and the pectin precipitined was drieanalysis showm than the aceof acetic acid. ectin is producya peel, extraDARI KUEKSTRAsta TriaswuFakultas Teng, SemaranAbstrang dapat dikodapat dihasilkemiliki kandpektin dapatalam industri fat fungsionaltanaman dapini adalah uahan bakunya,enetapkan konaksi dengan mua jenis pelaryang telah dn kertas saringendapan pektileh dikeringkaronatnya. Daklorida lebih klorida adalagambilan pektdar metoksil rtraksiAbstransumed directs the peel. Thpeel of pectinindustry, coss viscosity proction using aca peel as a on of pectin tod of extractiing two types Which has bmaterial wastate formed. Ted in an oven ws that the reetic acid solveThe optimumced relatively ctionULIT PEPAKSI uri, Setia Beknik, Univng, 50239, Tak nsumsi langsukan limbah sdungan senyat meningkatkamakanan, kl produk seppat dilakukanuntuk mengem, mengetahui pndisi optimummenvariasikanrut yaitu pelardihaluskan dieg. Filtrat hasiin. Endapan dan dalam ovari hasil analioptimal darah 3,495 % setin adalah padrendah untuk kct tly or processhough the sec can increasesmetics and poducts, emulsicid solvent. Thraw materialthen sets the oion with varias of solvents, been mashed ps filtered withThe precipitatand weighedesults of extraent. The averam conditions oflow levels mePAYA DEBudi Sasongversitas DipoTelp/Fax: (0ung atau diolaseperti kulit yawa yang bekan nilai tamkosmetik mauperti kekentalan dengan carmbangkan sumpengaruh jenm berdasarkan suhu 70, 80,rut anorganikekstraksi sesuil penyaringandisaring dan dven dan ditimisa menunjukripada pelaruedangkan asada suhu 80oC kedua jenis pesed into foodction still cone the value-addharmaceuticaions and gels.he purpose ofl, determine toptimum condation of tempnamely inorgpapaya peel ih filter paper.te was filteredd, then analyzaction of pectiage yield withf extraction petoksil for botENGAN Cgko *) onegoro 024)746005ah menjadi pryang dibuangermanfaat sembah dari peupun obat-oban, emulsi dra ekstraksi mmber pektin bis pelarut , sun rendemen. , 90oC dan wak asam kloridauai dengan vn ditambah ddicuci dengan mbang beratnkkan bahwa hut asam asetam asetat sebeselama 2 jamelarut. d products. Frntains compoudded from papals because of. In general, mf this study wthe effect of ditions based perature 70, 8ganic solvents is extracted in Filtrate addd and washedzed for levels in using hydrh hydrochloricprocess is at ath types of solvCARA 58 roduk pangan.g begitu saja.eperti pektin.epaya. Pektinbatan karenadan jel. Padamenggunakanbaru denganuhu dan waktuPelaksanaanaktu ekstraksia dan pelarutvariabel yangdengan etanoletanol secaranya kemudianhasil ekstraksitat. Rata-rataesar 2,835 %.m. Pektin yangFrom variousunds is usefulaya. Pectin isf its ability tomaking pectinwas to developsolvent type,on the yield.80, 90oC andhydrochloricn accordanceded to ethanold with ethanolmetoksil androchloric acidc acid solventa temperaturevents.
PENYISIHAN AMONIAK DAN KEKERUHAN PADA SISTEM RESIRKULASI BUDIDAYA KEPITING DENGAN TEKNOLOGI MEMBRAN BIOFILTER Malida Fauzzia; Izza Rahmawati; I Nyoman Widiasa
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 2, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Crabs are one of the economically valuable commodities. Barriers that often occur in crab farming in ponds is limited land and water. Crab aquaculture activities can not be apart from the waste generated, which can cause water quality degradation, especially of food remains, feases and the metabolism of the crabs. Waste produced as ammonia is toxic at high concentrations and high turbidity can cause death in the crabs. Alternative technologies are used to decrease the production of crabs due to lack of availability of  land and water degradation are water recirculation system using a membrane biofilter. Membrane biofilter is used to maintain the water quality is to eliminate ammonia to levels not exceeding 0.1 ppm, and removing turbidity to <30 NTU.  Biofilter  is used to eliminate ammonia by nitrification and denitrification process using aerobic and anaerobic mikrroorganisme. Membranes which is used to reduce turbidity is ultrafiltration membranes. Flux on the membrane will determine the performance of the membrane. If  the flux decreased 85% from the initial flux, indicating the occurrence of fouling on membrane. This fouling can be overcome by washing. One of  it is the backwash. Using biofilter can reduce of ammonia from 4,41 mg/L up to 1,48 mg/L during 7 days. Turbidity can be reduced by using ultrafiltration membrane. In the Ultrafiltration membrane fouling control can be done by backwash 30 minutes 15 seconds. This is indicated by the high flux of the membrane.
POTENSI JUS JERUK NIPIS (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA) SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGKELAT DALAM PROSES PEMURNIAN MINYAK NILAM (PATCHOULI OIL) DENGAN METODE KOMPLEKSOMETRI Arkie Septiana A.; Frans Arienata H.; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Patchouli oil is one of the export commodities that have high economical value for Indonesia. In general, patchouli oil obtained from the hydrodistillation of patchouli leaves. Most industries are still using patchouli oil refiners made of ferrous metal. As this process takes place at high temperatures, water vapor will contain a lot of dissolved oxygen that is corrosive and causes iron to rust easily. The rust will dissolve in patchouli oil obtained and led to the resulting of dark oil and patchouli aroma becomes weaker. This situation led to a lower market price of patchouli oil. One method that can be used to purify is complexometry method with citric acid as the chelating agent. This certainly not familiar to farmers, therefore this study tried to simplify this process by finding a material that easily found by the common people. Orange juice contains citric acid which is enough to be used as a chelating agent, other than that lemon is a fruit that are easy to obtain in the community at abundant and the price is cheap. Therefore lemon juice was chosen as an alternative chelating material. The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of operating temperature, concentration of the chelating agent and the stirring time in the chelating process and find out the extent to which lemon juice can be used as a chelating agent. The treatments tested consisted of (1) the concentrations of citric acid, which are 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4%; (2) Temperatures operation of the refinery. That are 30oC, 50 oC, and 75 oC, (3) agitation times, namely 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. Assessment of the results of purification is based on clarity, levels of Fe2+, and the content of the main components in patchouli oil refining results. Purification results showed that the increase in temperature causes the formation of complex ions faster to achieve equilibrium. The increase in the concentration of the citric acid led to complex ion formation process more quickly to achieve phase equilibrium. The best concentration was 1% combined with the use of temperature of 75 oC. Refined patchouli oil results have Fe2+ levels as low as 22.731 ppm. Based on the physical traits, the main constituent component content, and the Fe2+ content, refined patchouli oil meets the requirements of the Indonesian National Standards.
STUDI PENGARUH PROSES PERENDAMAN DAN PEREBUSAN TERHADAP KANDUNGAN KALSIUM OKSALAT PADA UMBI SENTHE (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L) Schott) Rizka Amalia; Riris Yuliana Y.S.; Andri Cahyo Kumoro
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 3, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

 Senthe (Alocasia macrorrhiza (L) Schott) is a kind of tuber that grows widely in the tropical area. Senthe has the potential as a staple food or as a interlude food with a high carbohydrate content. However, senthe contain oxalic acid which can reduce absorption of calcium  in the digestive system and calcium oxalate which causes itchiness. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of soaking and boiling process toward calcium oxalate and nutritional value in the tuber chips.In this research, the variables are the thickness of slicing (0.5 cm, 1 cm, 1.5 cm), soaking time (2 hours and 4 hours,) weight ratio between tuber and volume of salt soluion (1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 1:7) w/v , and the boiling time at (10 min, 20 min and 30 min). Based on research result obtain that the slice thickness 1 cm is the optimum value in the reduction process. While soaking weight ratio and optimum soaking time is at 1:6 (w / v) and 4 hours. Optimum boiling time is 30 minutes. Combination of all treatments can reduce the content of calcium oxalate in senthe of 79.53%. Calcium oxalate reduction in senthe is 351 mg/100g, whereas allowable oxalate levels is 71 mg/100g (Sefa-Dedeh and Agyir-Sackey, 2004), thus,the senthe is still not safe for human consumption.
PEMBUATAN ASIMETRIK MEMBRAN UNTUK PENGOLAHAN AIR : PENGARUH WAKTU PENGUAPAN TERHADAP KINERJA MEMBRAN Ardian Dwi Yudhistira; Fajar Budi Iswanto; Tutuk D. Kusworo
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Membrane is the newest technology on water purification. Asymmetric membrane is one type of membrane that has a different pore size between surface (dense layer) and bottom layer. Surface layer has a very thin dense skin layer which use for filter, and bottom layer with a bigger pore size that use for support media. With such a structure, an asymmetric membrane can produce a higher flux than symmetric membrane. In membrane fabrication process, evaporation time becomes important because it can increase flux. Therefore, in this research will be assessed the effect of evaporation time as a variable. The purposes of this research are to make an asymmetric membrane using cellulose acetate polymers, to determine the effect of evaporation time toward morphology structure and membrane performance. Membrane was fabricated by phase inversion method with a variation of evaporation time 10, 15, and 25 second. Membrane composition consist of 23% CA, 5% PEG, and 1% tap water. Membrane was characterized by flux, rejection, and morphology analysis using SEM. Flux and rejection were measured using brackish water as a feed. The result of FTIR test, the membrane consist of the functional group -OH, C=O, CH3 - COOH, C-O-C ether and evaporation time of solvent make a different in absorption of diagnostic peek frequency. The result of SEM analysis, Asymmetric membrane was produced in this research. Membranes with optimum performance was obtained on the composition of  23% CA, 5% PEG, 1% tap water, and 25 second evaporation time with flux 4,465 L.Mˉ².h-1.bar-1, and percent rejection NTU 92%, percent rejection TDS 85%, and percent rejection Ca 81%,
APLIKASI SPRAY DRYER UNTUK PENGERINGAN LARUTAN GARAM AMONIUM PERKLORAT SEBAGAI BAHAN PROPELAN Cynthia Anggi Maulina; Ahdayani Rosarrah; Mohammad Djaeni
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Ammonium perchlorate ( AP ) is an  inorganic oxidizer that is widely used as a component of rocket propellants. In this research, spray drying was used to produce crystalline AP from  its saturated solution. A method of spray dryer is viscous liquid or paste contacted with thot air co-currently. Fluid is passed at a nozzle and came out into the form of fine granules ( droplet . Drying method was conducted to run4 variables change, such as the inlet temperature (80, 90, 100, 110, 120oC), flow rate air dryer (9,1 and 16.3 m/s), the material flow rate (5.5 and 5.8 ml/s) and material concentration (5, 10, 15, 20, 25% salt). The drying process lasts for 13 minutes and divided into 3 minutes of time spraying and 10 minutes for residence time in a spray dryer column.At a temperature of80° C, the concentration of20%, materialflow rateof 5.5ml/sand aair flow rate of9.1m /sobtainedsaltparticlediameterof67.144µmthen calculatesimilarityusingWebernumber, obtainedAPdiameter of42.79µm.While ata temperature of 100° C, the concentration of20%, with asame material and air flow rate,obtaineddriedsaltparticle diameterof23.433µm.Afterwards,similaritycalculationusing theWebernumberobtainedAPdiameter13.877µm. It can be seenthatthe result ofAPdiametersmaller than thediameter of theparticlesinLAPAN (National Aeronautics and Space Institute), rangedbetween100-170µm. We can conclude that the higher concentration of salt solution, then the diameter of products are also getting bigger. The higher temperature then the diameter of products are getting smaller. Calculation of similarity both ammonium perchlorate and salt with the weber number has the same graph trends.
PEMBUATAN SURFAKTAN DARI MINYAK KELAPA MURNI (VCO) MELALUI PROSES AMIDASI DENGAN KATALIS NaOH Astri Probowati; Paradigma Carlo Giovanni; Diyono Ikhsan
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 1, Nomor 1, Tahun 2012
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The used of coconut oil of surfactant has several advantages, among others, are renewable resources, cleaner, and more pure than the used of petrochemical-based raw materials. Thus the necessary research to obtain a surfactant that has those criteria. One of the surfactant that meet both criteria is diethanolamide surfactant. The materials used for the manufacture of methyl ester is VCO and methanol with a catalyst H2SO4 while the materials used for the amidation are methyl ester from VCO, and diethanolamine with catalyst NaOH. The tools used in this research are tree neck flask, cooling loop, magnetic stirrer, waterbath, stative and clamps. From the research results obtained at high conversion, namely the mole ratio of methyl ester : diethanolamine 1:2 that is equal to 71,4% and percent weigth of catalyst is 1% with mole ratio 1:1.25 is 70,8%. From this research can be concluded the greater the mole ratio of the reactant and percent weight of the catalyst then the greater the resulting conversion.

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