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INDONESIA
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI
Published by Universitas Diponegoro
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI adalah jurnal yang diterbitkan oleh Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro untuk mempublikasikan karya ilmiah - karya ilmiah mahasiswa Program S1 Teknik Kimia Undip.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 33 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013" : 33 Documents clear
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS HETEROGEN SO 2- - ZnO DAN SO42- / ZnO DENGAN METODE KOPRESIPITASI DAN IMPREGNASI UNTUK PRODUKSI BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK KEDELAI D. A. Rahmawati; D. Intaningrum; Istadi Istadi
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

In this reasearch focuses on the physical and chemical 2- characterization of 2- sulfated zinc oxide catalyst SO4 - ZnO with coprecipitation method and SO4 / ZnO impregnation method. The purpose of this study is to prepare the ZnO-based acid catalyst, to determine the characteristics of the catalyst, and the catalyst testin on biodiesel production from soybean oil. The characterization was conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the catalyst morphology and Fourier Transform-Infra Red (FT-IR) to determine the structure of chemical bonds are formed. Identification of the content and composition of biodiesel, mainly on the composition of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME), were analyzed by GC-MS and by FT-IR. Meanwhile the heat content of the products of 2- biodiesel calorific value is measured. Results of the characterization showe that the SO4 2- - ZnO catalyst has a stronger acidity and higher catalyst activity than acidic SO4 / ZnO catalysts. In the catalyst testing for the transesterification process, the SO42--ZnO catalyst showed the biodiesel yield of 80.19%.
KINETIKA REAKSI DEPOLIMERISASI KARAGINAN PADA SUHU DAN pH OPTIMUM DENGAN KATALISATOR ASAM SULFAT Inggrid K. Wardhani; Samir Badres; Aji Prasetyaningrum
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Karaginan merupakan polisakarida alami yang dihasilkan dari proses ekstraksi alga merah kelas Rhodophyceae  dan merupakan polimer dari unit α-L- dan/atau α-D- atau β-D-galaktopyranosil.. Karaginan sangat bermanfaat dalam bidang biomedis karenamemiliki sifat  elektronegatif yang kuat. Kerapatan muatanantara estersulfat yang ada memungkinkan terjadinya interaksi elektrostatikdengan protein secara spesifik, sehingga menyebabkan munculnya fungsi aktivitas biologi senyawa tersebut.Penggunaan karaginan  dalam aplikasi biomedis  sering dibatasi oleh ukuran berat molekul dan viskositasnya yang tinggi. Dengan merubah menjadi (Low Molecular Weight Fractions (LMWFs), karaginan memiliki rantai yang  lebih pendek sehingga  dapatmasuk ke dalam sel lebihefisien danefektifdibandingkan karaginan beratmolekultinggi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinetika reaksi pembentukan karaginan BM rendah (LMWFs) melalui proses depolimerisasi kimia (hidrolisa pada kondisi asam/H2SO4) pada kondisi operasi (pH dan suhu) optimum. Proses hidrolisa dilakukan selama 2 jam kemudiansampel diambil per 15 menit untuk dianalisis berat molekulnya. Pada penelitian ini menggunakan perbandingan karaginan  dan air (0,6 g :1000 mL),dengan variasi pH dan variasisuhu. Pada pH 2 dan suhu operasi 70°C diperoleh kondisi optimaldengan nilai konstanta kecepatan reaksi depolimerisasi k = 9,72×10-12/detik.
PEMBUATAN PIGMENT TITANIUM DIOKSIDA (TIO2) DARI ILMENITE (FETIO3) SISA PENGOLAHAN PASIR ZIRCONDENGANPROSES BECHER Mohammad Taufik Mohar; Dewi Fatmawati; Setia Budi Sasongko
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Indonesia is a country that has a lot of Ilmenite (FeTiO3), but as yet only plays the role of an exporter of this important raw material. The exact conditions for processing Ilmenite into products for sand proficiency levels as well as industrial raw material pigments are not yet known. Improved grade of titanium dioxide as a separation process should be supported by research on natural raw material sources that can be used. One raw material is waste zircon sand in Central Kalimantan (Borneo), which contains 80-90% of Ilmenite. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of aeration time and concentration of salt catalyst (NH4Cl) on the transformation rate of iron (Fe) into iron oxide (Fe2O3), where iron oxide and titanium dioxide was separated by acid leaching process to produce pure titanium dioxide. The titanium oxide purification process adopted from Becher process which is the process of oxidation, reduction, aeration, leaching, stripping, and calcination. In this experiment, the fixed variables used were time of oxidation and reduction of 3 hours and time of calcination of 3 hours. The changing variables used were aeration time of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours; and concentration of salt catalyst (NH4Cl) of 1%, 2%, and 3%. XRD (X-ray Diffraction) qualitative analysis and GSAS (General Structure Analysis System) quantitative analysis on the results showed an increase in TiO2 content on all the variables. The process of increasing TiO2 content at a variable of 1% NH4Cl gave the best result. The greater the concentration of NH4Cl catalyst, the smaller the TiO2 increase. The best time for improving the grade of TiO2 was 4 hours, proven by a very effective transformation of Fe into Fe2O3. The result of research gave a potential concentration of titanium dioxide was 45.86% with aeration process time of 4 hoursand NH4Cl concentration of 1%.
PROSES EKSTRAKSI REAKTIF MINYAK JAHE DENGAN KATALIS HCL DENGAN BERBANTUKAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK Dian Arofisma; Maharani Kusumaningrum; Abdullah Abdullah
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The increased consumption of essential oil is mainly used in the pharmaceutical industry. One type of the essential oil is ginger oil (Zingiber officinale). The main of reaction to produce ginger oil is esterification reaction. The reaction takes place relative slowly, and it  doesn’t occur perfectly so it needs many catalyzes and alcohol.This research is expected can reduce the acid level of ginger oil and it can be obtained by the reaction of ginger oil product assisted by ultrasonic waves. The aim of this research is to obtainoptimumconditions forginger oilproductionprocesswithultrasonicwaveswhich includesa variabletemperature, catalyst concentrationto the weight ofmethanol, and theweight ratio ofmethanolbyweight ginger, to determine the most variables effect are temperature, catalyst concentrationto the weight ofmethanol, and theweight ratio ofmethanolbyweight ginger, toacquirethe characteristics ofginger oilgenerated with low acid level, and to know zingerone component in ginger oil. The research is done by ultrasonic cleaner with frequency of 40 KHz, time for reaction is 60 minutes. In this research, the variabels include the ratio of weight ginger with methanol 1:8, 1:10, 1:12, the catalyst of 2% methanol(wt),3% methanol(wt), 4% methanol(wt), And the reaction of variable temperature of 400C, 600C, 800C. The optimum variables with central composite design are the ratio of weight ginger with methanol 1:9,72;  the catalyst of 3,21 % methanol(wt), And the reaction of variable temperature of 65,920C so it has getting an optimum yield 67,09%.  highest of ginger oil conversion obtained were 64,97%, with ginger :  metanol of 1:10, catalyst of 3% and operation temperature of 60oC.
PENGIKATAN KARBON DIOKSIDA DENGAN MIKROALGA ( Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sp., Spirullina sp. ) DALAM UPAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMURNIAN BIOGAS Okryreza Abdurrachman; Meitiandari Mutiara; Luqman Buchori
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Biogas is gas which the main contents are 55-75% methane and 25-45% carbon dioxide. Removing CO2 content in biogas will improving biogas’s quality itself, so that the calorific value  on biogas will be higher. One way to removing CO2is with utilize microalgae’s ability to absorb CO2in photosynthesis phenomena. Purposes of this research are to measure the optimal amount of CO2 absorbed by microalgae and determine the type of microalgae is the best at absorbing CO2. This research designed with variety types of microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris, Chlamydomonas sp., and Spirulina sp. and variety gas flow rate variabels are 20, 60, 100, 150, 200, 300 mL / min. From analysis results,  at gas flow rate 20 mL / min each microalgae can absorb CO2optimally. Spirullina sp. has the highest percentage of absorbed CO2 among Chlorella vulgaris and Chlamydomonas sp., which is by 8,91%. This study also  showed that Spirullina sp. has 0,136 g/L biomass enhancement, and that is the highest biomass enhancement among Chlorella sp. and Chlamydomonas sp., which only has 0,136 g/L and 0,130 g/L biomass enhancement.
PEMBUATAN DAN KARAKTERISASI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI SEBAGAI KATALIS RAMAH LINGKUNGAN PADA PROSES HIDROLISIS BIOMASSA Rizki Amelia; Harlanto Pandapotan; Purwanto Purwanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Research on a variety of technologies that can turn biomass into ethanol is done in order to find most efficient method. A common method used in converting cellulose to glucose is acid hydrolysis. However, the process still has some shortcomings, such as the process is still relatively expensive, the conversion is still low and there is a byproduct of acid waste. These acid wastes can pollute the environment, as well as the reaction proceeds the separation process a little more difficult. Seeing these conditions it needed another way to resolve the issue. There should be a modification of the method of hydrolysis which can optimize the production of glucose were found to have a high glucose yield, cheap and eco-friendly. The method is the hydrolysis process using heterogeneous catalysts such as activated carbon sulfonated sulfonated activated carbon is made from coconut shell that had been activated previously, then sulphonated in 98% sulfuric acid in process variables: temperature (30, 50, 70 ° C), normality (4, 7, 10 N), and time (2, 4, 6 hours). And then it is washed and dried. Characteristic morphology of the catalyst in the form of test structures with SEM, BET surface area of the catalyst, and test functional groups by FTIR. The results showed that the best test of a catalyst characteristics on the process variable 40 °C, 10 N, and sulfonation time for 6 hours. In the test SEM morphological structure of activated carbon catalyst is more overt, to test obtained BET surface area of 2219,484 m2 / g, and to test the presence of sulphonate group FTIR vibrational wave numbers legible at 1750 cm-1 and 1379 cm-1.
KULTIVASI Botryococcus Braunii MEMANFAATKAN AIR DADIH (WHEY) TAHU SEBAGAI POTENSI BIODIESEL Tirna Adhika Rahmat; Rosa Delima Dias W.S.; Danny Soetrisnanto
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Production of biodiesel comes from trans-esterification reaction of fatty acid which produces methyl ester. Vegetables, animals and microalgae can be used for fatty acid sources by their oil, but microalgae have a more beneficial prospect compared to vegetables and animals. Microalgae have fast grow-rate, high oil productivity, low production cost and not having a competition with food industries. Among microalgae, Botryococcus braunii is the one with high oil quantity inside their cells (25 – 75 %). The wastewater of tofu industries is liquid residual from soybean processing becomes tofu which having a nuisance for the environment. This wastewater, usually called whey, is still containing organic materials such as water (99,34 %), protein (1,73 %), fat (0,63 %), nitrogen content (0,05%) and ash (0,11 %) and COD. Organic materials have effect to stimulate microalgae’s growing. Objectives of this experiment are the influence of tofu whey addition at different concentrations toward biomass and lipid produced. This experiment provided the result which optimal cultivation of Botryococcus braunii reaches when using 10% concentration tofu whey with optimal optical density (OD) at day 9 (0,802), 2,4101 gram/litre of gained biomass and 0,8716 gram/litre of lipid production.,better than cultivation of Botryoccus braunii using syntetic nutrient. Maximum COD reduction was gained at 15% tofu whey addition with 88,51% efficiency. COD reduction at optimal tofu whey addition (10%) is 83,33%.
PEMANFAATAN KOMBINASI FLY ASH BATUBARA, ALKILBENZENESULFONAT, DAN ZEOLIT PADAPENJERNIHAN MINYAK PELUMAS BEKAS DENGAN METODE PENJERAPAN Risang Prasaji; Conny Dewita U; Herry Santosa
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

The using of mineral lubricating oils from petroleum fractionation happen in very fantastic number. Acording to data form central statistics agency republic of indonesia, the number of production of base oil for lubricant is 2.027.000 barrel in the year 2010. While the need of lubricating oil is 5.994.956 kl per year. On the one hand, increasingly depleted oil reserves so that the manufacture of lubricating oil (base oil) is also diminishing. Thus, research in order to reuse the used lubricating oil to be base oil is highly prospective.The research is intended to (a) determine the weight of fly ash as adsorbent that is relatively good, (b)determine the comparison volume of alkilbenzenesulfonat against weight of zeolit relatively good until obtained lubricating oil former which fullfill the criteria as base oilThe study is planned in two stages. First, the preparatory phase consisting of (a) the characterization of used lubricating oil viscosity based on the test and the% transmittance, (b) reduce and activate the natural zeolite. Second, adsorption and purification steps to remove contaminants in the form of a solid material, metal, and water.At this stage of adsorption experiments were performed by varying the weight of coal flyash each unit volume of used lubricating oil.At this stage ofpurification, experiments were performedby varyingthe weight ratioof zeoliteto thevolumeperunitvolumealkilbenzenesulfonateused lubricatingoil. At eachend of the experiment theresultswas tested againstthe absorbance ofthe lubricating oilviscosity.
PROSES HIDROLISA PATI TALAS SENTE (Alocasia macrorrhiza) MENJADI GLUKOSA : STUDI KINETIKA REAKSI Astrinia Aurora Dinarsari; Alfiana Adhitasari
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Starch hydrolysis process is the method used in the conversion of starch to glucose from starch material such as Giant Taro (Alocasia Macrorrhiza) using acid catalyst. In this study starch hydrolysis of Giant Taro using hydrochloric acid catalyst is divided into three stages of continuous process that aims to obtain a good pH and temperature on starch hydrolysis process of Giant Taro and studying the kinetics process of starch hydrolysis of Giant Taro into glucose. The experiments were performed using a fixed variable, namely particle size of starch 20 mesh, the ratio of raw material to water is 1:30 (g starch / ml of water), stirring speed 200 rpm and reaction time 60 minutes.There are two random variables i.e. pH 2, 3, 4, 5 and temperature of reaction 500C, 600C, 700C, 800C, 900C. Results of hydrolysis were analyzed using the DNS method to determine glucose levels. The result showed good pH at pH 4 and temperature at 900C, the reaction rate constant k is 9,139x10-4/min and reaction rate equation of hydrolysis is CA = 0,03740164. e- 0,0009139. t.
PEMBUATAN VIRGIN COCONUT OIL (VCO) : PEMECAHAN EMULSI DENGAN METODE ULTRASONIK Nely Fatwatun R.; Kaunaini Chusna; Bambang Pramudono
JURNAL TEKNOLOGI KIMIA DAN INDUSTRI Volume 2, Nomor 4, Tahun 2013
Publisher : Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Diponegoro,

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Abstract

Coconut tree is one of the strategic commodities which became the pre-eminent national. In addition to being one of the strategic commodities, coconut tree has many benefits start from the root, stem, leaf, fruit, up to they sheath. VCO is one product of the coconut plant has bigger added value and beneficial to health. Research needs to be done to study the manufacture of VCO that is created by using ultrasonic waves and compare it with the existing method of VCO by using secondary data. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of temperature and ratio of water and coconut in the manufacture of VCO with ultrasonic method, analyze the physical properties chemical VCO and compare the results with SNI, comparing the results of ultrasonic method with VCO created with another method, as well as find out the methods and conditions of operation of VCO with good quality and high yield. Manufacture of VCO is done by the method of ultrasonic wave using time 60 minutes with frequency 70kHz. Changing variables used are coconut water ratio of 1:1; 1,5:1; 2:1 and the temperature is 30OC, 40OC, 50OC. The resulting calculated oil yield and quality are analyzed. Analysis undertaken include organoleptic analysis, moisture content, free fatty acid, peroxide value, number Iod, and Fe contamination. The research results showed that ultrasound can be used to break down the emulsion VCO-water. Ratio of the coconut and water as well as in the manufacture of coconut milk and temperatures when ultrasonic affects yield. physical and chemical properties of two samples VCO with the highest yield has according to SNI. VCO is made by the method of ultrasonic have the lowest yield, but the quality is the best if compared to the method of fermentation, enzimatis, pumping and centrifugation. Ultrasonic methods, variables coconut and water ratio of 2:1 at temperature 30OC is the maximum operating conditions which produced the VCO with good quality and high yield, but ultrasonic method is not a method that can produce the highest yield, despite having the best quality.

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