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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 63 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 23 no. 7 (2022)" : 63 Documents clear
Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides ERISE ANGGRAINI; LAU WEI HONG; GANESAN VADAMALAI; LIH LING KONG; MAZIDAH MAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230749

Abstract

Abstract. Anggraini E, Lau WH, Vadamalai G, Kong LL, Mat M. 2022. Review: The effect and possible mitigation of UV radiation on baculoviruses as bioinsecticides. Biodiversitas 23: 3721-3735. Indiscriminate use of pesticides has raised concerns over environmental and human health issues. A more environmentally-friendly biological approach to control insect pests is gaining importance. For decades, bioinsecticides based on viruses have been used to protect crops and forests. The viruses belonging to the Baculoviridae family are known to infect insect pests, and hence can be used as biopesticides. Baculoviruses are mostly specific to the host and are not lethal to the non-target organism. However, their usage is limited for field application due to a slow kill speed and sensitivity towards UV irradiation. This review paper discusses the life cycle of baculoviruses, their mode of infection and transmission as well as the influence of UV radiation on the effectiveness of baculoviral insecticides for field application.
Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance ERIES DYAH MUSTIKARINI; TRI LESTARI; RATNA SANTI; GIGIH IBNU PRAYOGA; ZIKRI CAHYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230712

Abstract

Abstract. Mustikarini ED, Lestari T, Santi R, Prayoga GI, Cahya Z. 2022. Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance. Biodiversitas 23: 3401-3406. Water is important in metabolic processes affecting rice crop growth and development. Drought stress can decrease rice production, necessitating the development ofdrought-tolerant varieties. Selection of drought-tolerant can be done during the critical period plant booting phase. Thisresearch aimed to determine promising linesof upland rice tolerant to drought stress. This research was conducted from December 2019 toMay 2020 at the experimental farmofthe Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The research was laid out in a completely randomized design with a single-factortreatment. The treatment was rice genotypes consisting of 10 lines and 2 checkvarieties; each was 3 replicates. The results showed that the droughtstressin the plant booting phase of rice plants significantly affected the plant heigh character of the plant, grains number per panicle, the weight of grain per panicle, the age of flowering, and harvest time, but gave no significant effect on the number of leaves, the number of productive tillers, roots length. The upland rice lines 23A-56-30-25-1, 23A-56-30-25-12, and 23A-56-30-25-13 showed good drought stress tolerance based on leaf rolling, leaf drying, crop yield, and plant growth percentage.
Trait selection and screening of Indonesian local rice accessions for iron stress tolerance KHAIRUNNISA LUBIS; LISNAWITA LISNAWITA; FRANS MAATHUIS; IRDA SAFNI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230750

Abstract

Iron (Fe) poisoning in rice causes changes in both morphological and physiological characteristics of the plants, but the stress response is often genotype-dependent. This research used a screening method on nutrient culture media to evaluate 20 local Indonesian genotypes for tolerance to Fe stress by studying the response of root morphology, vegetative growth, and biomass. This research aimed to identify cultivars that were highly resistant to excess Fe from 20 Indonesian local rice accessions. The research was conducted in a greenhouse from May to June 2019 and used a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications. The first factor consisted of 20 local Indonesian rice accessions. The second factor was the concentration of Fe in the nutrient media (0, 100, 200, and 300 ppm Fe). The results showed that the high Fe concentration in the nutrient solution decreased root growth, vegetative growth, and biomass in a genotype-specific manner. The application of > 200 ppm Fe in the medium resulted in inhibition of plant growth characterized by yellowing and dry leaves, a decrease in the number of root branches, root length, number of tillers, leaf length, and shoot/root biomass. Several tolerant cultivars were discovered, including Inpara 9, Lipigo 2, and Sigambiri Merah, which could be useful in tolerance breeding. Evaluation of all parameters identified shoot dry weight and number of leaves as reliable traits to assess Fe toxicity tolerance in rice.
Application of Lactobacillus inoculant from various rice paddy (Oryza sativa) to total mixed ration silage microbial composition AHMAD WAHYUDI; LISTIARI HENDRANINGSIH; SUTAWI SUTAWI; DEVI DWI SISKAWARDANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230710

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyudi A, Hendraningsih L, Sutawi S, Siskawardani DD. 2022. Application of Lactobacillus inoculant from various rice paddy (Oryza sativa) to total mixed ration silage microbial composition. Biodiversitas 23: xxxx. Evaluation of microorganisms profile of total mixed ration (TMR) silage inoculated with lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from local rice paddy (Oryza sativa L.) in tropical climate was analyzed to solve the feed management system. This study aimed to compare the effect of local LAB inoculants with commercial strain Lactobacillus plantarum FCC 123 on microorganisms composition of TMR silage in small-scale silage preparation. LAB was isolated from whole crop rice (w) and rice straw (s). Local rice paddy was planted in field around the University of Muhammadiyah Malang, East Java Province, Indonesia. Four rice paddy varieties: Membramo (M), Ciherang (C), Rajalele (R), and Impari (I) were utilized for isolation of LAB. Then, LAB was selected and purified in lactobacilli deMan Rogosa sharp agar (MRSA) and partially stored in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) at -30°C as microbial stock. These selected LAB was used as inoculants at room temperature for 30 days TMR silage incubation. Completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments (T0: TMR without fermentation, T1: TMR silage without inoculants, T2: TMR silage with L. plantarum FCC 123, T3: TMR with Local LAB Cs, T4: TMR silage with local LAB Mw, T5: TMR silage with local LAB Rs) were applied. Microorganism composition of LAB, aerobic bacteria, coliforms, clostridia, and mold was measured as experiment parameters. This research showed that LAB could be isolated and identified from all local paddy rice, both whole crop and straw. The implementation of local LAB on ensilage TMR was not significantly different from commercial L. plantarum FCC 123. Both local and commercial strains increased LAB population and suppressed harmful microbes (coliform, aerobic bacteria, and mold). The LAB isolates from local paddy rice could well act as an inoculant for TMR silage preparation in tropical climate.
Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants OPIR RUMAPE; AKRAM LA KILO; NETTY INO ISCHAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230706

Abstract

Abstract. Rumape O, Kilo A, Ischak NI. 2022. Amethyst leaf extract as pest control and fertilizer for soybean plants. Biodiversitas 23: 3355-3363. Amethyst (Datura metel L.) is a plant that grows and develops in the Gorontalo area, and people use it as traditional medicine. This plant has a natural insecticidal activity that is not yet known by the general public. So far, the results of research on natural insecticides from amethyst have only been tested on a small scale in the laboratory, not yet applied on a large scale in the garden. The purpose of this study was to extract amethyst leaves and apply it as an inhibitor of feeding activity and insect mortality in both the laboratory and soybean gardens. Amethyst leaves were extracted in the laboratory using methanol, n-hexane, and ethyl acetate. The extracts were tested phytochemically to determine the type of secondary metabolite, before applying it. Phytochemical test showed amethyst leaves contain alkaloid, flavonoid, terpenoid, and saponin. The application treatment for the bioactivity used variations in the concentration of amethyst leaf extract of the fractions (methanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane), namely 1.0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10%; and 0% as control. In the laboratory, the treatment was applied by contact to 5 insects Spodoptera litura instar III for each concentration treatment with 3 replications. Observation parameters were the percentage decrease in feeding activity and mortality of Spodoptera litura larvae. In the garden, the extracts with varying concentrations of the same as in the laboratory, were applied to soybeans treated with the pest Spodoptera liturain a closed container, and the other was sprayed on plants that were left exposed. The results showed that the three extracts could kill pests, but n-hexane extract was the most effective compared to ethyl acetate and methanol extracts. Amazingly, soybean plants whose yellow leaves turn green after being given the extract. This indicates that the secondary metabolites of amethyst are not only used as insecticides to control pests, but also as plant fertilizers.
Genetic diversity of Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) cultivars and Ha Chau cultivar identification based on DNA barcodes DODO TAN KHANG; TRAN GIA HUY; NGUYEN PHAM ANH THI; DOAN THI HONG QUYEN; NGUYEN THI BICH NHU; TRAN THANH MEN; TRAN NHAN DUNG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230726

Abstract

Abstract. Khang DT, Huy TG, Thi NPA, Quyen DTH, Nhu NTB, Binh BN, Men TT, Dung TN. 2022. Genetic diversity of Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramifloraLour.) cultivars and Ha Chau cultivar identification based on DNA barcodes. Biodiversitas 23: 3513-3520. Burmese grape (Baccaurea ramiflora Lour.) is an underutilized fruit tree in the Mekong Delta and has the potential for food sources as well as landscape plants,especially Ha Chau cultivar. It has been considered an indigenous plant in Can Tho city, Vietnam with specific taste. However, their genetic diversity, utilization,and identification have not been dealt with in-depth. This study aimed to characterize genetic diversity among the five cultivars of Burmese grape in the Mekong Delta and to distinguish Ha Chau from other cultivars based on DNA barcodes, namely matK, rbcL, ycf1b, rpoC1, psbK-I, atpF-H,and ITS. DNA of twelve individuals belong to five Burmese grape cultivars was extracted prior to further amplification and sequencing. Sequences were analyzed to detect variable sites and the phylogenetic tree was constructed by the Maximum Likelihood method. Based on substitution sites and indel mutations, the plastid intergenic spacer atpF-H and ycf1b gene reflected the genetic diversity in five Burmese grape cultivars. Moreover, these sequences were valuable DNA barcodes for discrimination of Ha Chau cultivar. In combination of four markers (rbcL, rpoC1, ycf1b, and psbK-I) for phylogenetic construction, our finding revealed that Ha Chau cultivar is closely related to Red cultivar with highly supported bootstrap value of 89%. Such data could be applied for reliable identification of Ha Chau cultivar from other B. ramiflora cultivars in plant authentication.
Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope Supriyono Supriyono; Susi Soviana; Dimas Novianto; Muhammad Falikhul Musyaffa; Suriyani Tan; Upik Kesumawati Hadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230730

Abstract

Abstract. Supriyomo, Soviana S, Novianto D, Musyaffa MF, Tan S, Hadi UK. 2022. Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope. Biodiversitas 23: 3546-3552. Anopheles aconitus (An. aconitus) is one of the primary vectors for malaria in several areas in Indonesia, especially in Java Island. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful tool that can differentiate Anopheles spp. Morphology that is difficult to identify by using a light microscope only. The adult of An. aconitus used in this study have been reared in the laboratory. This research is conducted to better understand the Anopheles aconitus' external morphology, such as the head, proboscis, wings, thorax and legs, using advanced light and SEM. Results from an advanced light microscope showed that An. aconitus has palpus with the same length as proboscis with one narrow basal end and two broad distal ends; meanwhile, the apical half of proboscis is pale. Anopheles aconitus has wings with four pale spots on the costa side. Legs are uniformly dark with only very narrow, rather faint pale bands at the joining of segments. Using SEM, we found several types of sensilla trichodea: short-sharp tipped, short-blunt tipped, and long-shaped tipped in antenna, apical proboscis, maxillary palps, abdomen, and legs. Antenna is also covered with microtrichia and sensilla. This research is important for basic necessity in fully understanding and determining of mosquito bionomic due to the development of effective and efficient mosquito vector control strategies.
Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula HERU ADI DJATMIKO; DHADHANG WAHYU KURNIAWAN; NUR PRIHATININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230701

Abstract

Abstract. Djatmiko HA, Kurniawan DW, Prihatiningsih N. 2022. Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula. Biodiversitas 23: 3313-3317. Bacillus subtilis potato isolate was able to be an antagonist of plant pathogens. The aims of this study were (i) to examine the potential of potato isolate B. subtilis as a control for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) as a pathogen rice bacterial leaf blight, (ii) determine the inhibition mechanism of their isolates, (iii) evaluate the best B. subtilis to make nanosuspension formula. The method was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of B. subtilis potato isolates B46, B209, B211, B298, and B315, repeated 4 times. Xoo and five B. subtilis were grown in nutrient broth medium in a shaker. Xoo and B. subtilis were grown in yeast peptone glucose agar medium by the diffusion method. Xoo was inoculated on medium, and then a 5 mm diameter filter paper immersed with B. subtilis suspension was placed on the medium. The best B. subtilis as a controller was used to formulate into nanosuspension. The variables were zone of inhibition, inhibition mechanism and antibiosis index. The results showed that only three B. subtilis were able to inhibit the growth of Xoo, namely B211, B298 and B315 isolates. The highest (10 mm) inhibition zone was recorded by B. subtilis B315 isolate. The mechanism of inhibition of the three isolates of B. subtilis against Xoo was bacteriostatic. The antibiosis index of B. subtilis B315 against Xoo was 1 (strong). The selected B. subtilis B315 was developed as a nanosuspension formula with inhibition zone of 2.1 mm and antibiosis index was 0.42.
Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress YUSTINA CAROLINA FEBRIANTI SALSINHA; SITI NURBAITI; ALFINO SEBASTIAN; DIDIK INDRADEWA; YEKTI ASIH PURWESTRI; DIAH RACHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230734

Abstract

Abstract. Salsinha YCF, Nurbaiti S, Sebastian A, Indradewa D, Purwestri YA, Rachmawari D. 2022. Proline-related gene expressions contribute to physiological changes of East Nusa Tenggara (Indonesia) local rice cultivars during drought stress. Biodiversitas 23: 3573-3583. An osmoregulation response is one of the mechanisms of adaptation to drought stress. Concerning the synthesis and catabolism of proline as an osmoprotectant, this research aims to study the involvement of proline in regulating physiological change in local rice cultivars from Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT), Indonesia. Five rice cultivars consisting of Ciherang (drought susceptible) and Situ Bagendit (drought tolerant) and three local rice cultivars, namely Gogo Jak (GJ), Kisol Manggarai (KM), and Boawae Seratus Malam (BSM) were used. Drought treatments were carried out using the fraction of transpirable soil water (FTSW) with control (FTSW 1) and severe drought (FTSW 0.2). The upregulation of OsP5CS and OsP5CR as proline synthesis genes in GJ leaves led to higher proline levels. At the KM cultivar, there was an upregulation of OsPRODH related to proline catabolism. Furthermore, OsNHX1, responsible for proline transport, was higher in the GJ cultivar. The presence of proline also correlated with physiological adaptations. Proline accumulation due to the activation of proline-related gene expressions caused less physiological changes and antioxidant activity reduction and has led to maximum water absorption during a severe drought in the BSM cultivar. The analysis showed non-significant decreased levels of chlorophyll-a and increased levels of chlorophyll-b, carotenoids, and anthocyanins of drought-tolerant cultivars lead to higher leaf number, plant height, and tiller number under drought. Meanwhile, varied activity levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and catalase (CAT) were observed in line with the slight increase in H2O2 and malonaldehyde (MDA) levels during severe drought.
Identification, genetic diversity, and comparative evolution of the striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Wallacea, Indonesia IRMAWATI IRMAWATI; MEIMULYA MEIMULYA; ASMI CITRA MALINA A. R. TASSAKKA; NADIARTI NADIARTI; NITA RUKMINASARI; INCE AYU KHAIRANA KADRIAH; HASAN NASRULLAH; ALIMUDDIN ALIMUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230703

Abstract

Abstract. Irmawati, Meimulya, Tassakka ACMAR, Nadiarti, Rukminasari N, Kadriah IAK, Nasrullah H, Alimuddin. 2022. Identification, genetic diversity, and comparative evolution of the striped snakehead Channa striata (Bloch, 1793) in Wallacea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 3327-3337. Striped snakehead, Channa striata populations have declined in some areas of Wallacea. This study aimed to identify the species, analyze the genetic diversity, and trace the evolutionary relationships of snakeheads in the Wallacea region with snakeheads in other geographic areas. This study was identifying all specimens in this study as C. striata. The Wallacean C. striata sequences comprised three haplotypes with five polymorphic sites (single nucleotide polymorphisms, SNPs). No mutations were detected in the COI nucleotides of C. striata in the Tempe Lake complex, Patampanua River, and Bojo River; therefore, they belonged to the same haplotype. The C. striata from the Tangkoli tertiary drainage had unique haplotypes that differed from other C. striata haplotypes. The intraspecific genetic distance within C. striata was low while the interspecific genetic distance within the genus Channa was quite large, indicating that mutation rates are quite high in the genus Channa. Haplotype evolution showed that C. striata in Wallacea shared a common ancestral pathway with C. striata in Kalimantan, Java, and Bali and had a different ancestral pathway with C. striata in Lampung (Sumatra). The nucleotide composition of the C. striata COI gene followed the general pattern of the Teleostei and the Pisces superclass (T>C>A>G) with the G+C base percentage lower than the A+T percentage. The data from this study will be useful as a basis for designing germplasm conservation strategies and designing strategies to maintain C. striata populations and develop strains to meet future needs.

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