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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 65 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 24 no. 7 (2023)" : 65 Documents clear
Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil NUR AZIZAH USWATUN HASANAH; EDI PURWANTO; PUJI HARSONO; SAMANHUDI SAMANHUDI; AMALIA TETRANI SAKYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240729

Abstract

Abstract. Hasanah NAU, Purwanto E, Harsono P, Samanhudi, Sakya AT. 2023. Morphological responses of six sorghum varieties on cadmium-contaminated soil. Biodiversitas 24: 3903-3915. Six sorghum varieties were planted on cadmium-contaminated soil and characterized from April to July 2020 at a rice field in Balecatur Gamping, Yogyakarta. The objectives of this experiment were to characterize themorphological responses of six sorghum varieties and select a variety with a high biomass and Cd uptake fora potential phytoremediator. This experiment used six sorghum varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1, Suri-3, Numbu, Kawali, and Hitam, following completely randomized design procedures with four replications. The observation of morphological and agronomical characteristics focused on ten plants as the sample of each plot. The result showed that there were differences in the morphological and agronomical characteristics among six sorghum varieties. Varieties were assessed in terms of distinctness and grouped based on the time of panicle emergence, plant height, panicle shape, and caryopsis color. There were threeclasses as follows: Class 1, i.e., time of panicle emergence: very early (Super-1, Suri-3, Numbu, and Hitam); plant height: long (Super-1), medium (Suri-3), short (Numbu and Hitam); panicle shape: panicle broader in the upper part (Numbu), symmetrical (Super-1 and Suri-3), pyramidal (Hitam); caryopsis color: white (Super-1), grayish orange (Suri-3 and Hitam), yellowish orange (Numbu). Class 2, time of panicle emergence: early (Samurai-1); plant height: medium (Samurai-1); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Samurai-1); caryopsis color: yellowish orange (Samurai-1). Class 3, time of panicle emergence: medium (Kawali); plant height: medium (Kawali); panicle shape: panicle broader in the lower part (Kawali); caryopsis color: yellowish white (Kawali). Assessment of agronomical characteristics revealed that fresh plant weight had a significant positive correlation with plant height R1, plant height R5, stem diameter, leaf bladewidth, thousand-grain weight, and stem sugar content. Several varieties, namely Super-1, Samurai-1 and Kawali, were found to have excellent agronomical characteristics to provide a solid varietal basis for selecting varieties as phytoremediators.
Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani) RATNA AZIZAH; DIAH RACHMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240716

Abstract

Abstract. Azizah R, Rachmawati D. 2023. Physiological resistance responses of rice plant (Oryza sativa) provided with silicate fertilizer to sheath blight disease (Rhizoctonia solani). Biodiversitas 24: 3785-3795. Sheath blight disease that is caused by the fungus Rhizoctonia solani Kühn generally leads to the reduction of rice yields. The application of silicate fertilizers can increase the resistance to pathogens. This research aimed to determine the effect of silicate fertilizer application on the physiological resistance responses of rice plants to R. solani, the primary pathogen responsible for rice sheath blight. This study used three rice cultivars with different resistance levels to sheath blight, including Pandan Wangi (resistant), Cisadane (susceptible), and IR64 (moderately resistant), which were treated with three doses of silicate fertilizer 0 kg ha-1, 200 kg ha-1 and 400 kg ha-1 with sheath blight inoculation and without inoculation. The results showed that Pandan Wangi provided with 200 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer produced the highest reduction in the percentage of relative lesion height (RLH), and the application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer had a greater positive effect of reducing the lesion in Cisadane and IR64. In susceptible and moderately resistant cultivars, Cisadane and IR64, higher doses of silicate fertilizer have a better effect on strengthening plant tissue during inoculation treatments. The application of 400 kg ha-1 silicate fertilizer without inoculation significantly affected relative water content. In the moderately resistant cultivar IR64, the silicate fertilizer played a role in the physiological response by strengthening the plant tissue, as indicated by the increasing lignin content, sclerenchyma and cuticle thickness.
Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application MURNI DWIATI; PUDJI WIDODO; AGUS HERY SUSANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240756

Abstract

Abstract. Dwiati M, Widodo P, Susanto AH. 2023. Shoot regeneration in Nepenthes mirabilis as affected by flurprimidol and GA3 application. Biodiversitas 24: 4168-4174. Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce. is a pitcher plant species at a higher risk of extinction mainly due to overexploitation. Previous investigations have shown that in vitro micropropagation can be used as an approach for ex-situ conservation of N. mirabilis. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the new shoot formation of N. mirabilis under in vitro conditions stimulated with the application of flurprimidol and GA3. The three concentrations of flurprimidol and GA3 used as treatments were arranged factorially in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), with internodes 2, 3, 4, and 5 serving as blocks. Based on the results, F1G0 (flurprimidol of 1 mgL-1 without GA3) had the highest shoot formation, which was not accompanied by sufficiently high contents of chlorophyll, leading to improper shoot development. Despite the smaller number of newly formed shoots in F2G2 (flurprimidol of 2 mgL-1 and GA3 of 2 mgL-1), significantly higher chlorophyll contents were observed, enabling better development of shoot. Leaf length and shoot diameter also showed similar results under F2G2, indicating that higher concentrations of exogenous GA3 were necessary for better shoot development. This indicated that appropriate concentrations of both plant growth regulators should be applied for micropropagation of N. mirabilis in support of ex-situ conservation.
Anatomical characteristics of the leaning stem in Pinus merkusii seedling NEVLYA MIA SAFITRI; FANANY WURI PRASTIWI; SYIFA SALSABILA; YOGI FERIAWAN; ALIF BRILIANTO; WIDYANTO DWI NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240717

Abstract

Abstract. Safitri NM, Prastiwi FW, Salsabila S, Feriawan Y, Brilianto A, Nugroho WD. 2023. Anatomical characteristics of the leaning stem in Pinus merkusii seedling. Biodiversitas 24: 3796-3802. Pinus merkusii Jungh. & de Vriese is one of the tropical conifer species. The species formed reaction wood called compression wood (CW) when the stem grows in an abnormal position. CW in stem wood is frequently found to cause several problems for utilization in the use of its products. However, there are few studies on the anatomical characteristics of reaction wood in tropical conifer. This study aimed to observe the differences in anatomical characteristics between compression (CW) and opposite (OW) woods in leaning the stem of P. merkusii seedlings and their anatomical differences compared to normal wood (NW). Approx. 1-year-old P. merkusii seedlings from a nursery in Trenggalek, East Java, Indonesia, that were naturally bent or tilted were used in the study. Anatomical characteristics of wood, namely the dimension of tracheids, rays, resin canals, and the proportion of cells were observed in the study. The results showed that CW of P. merkusii seedlings formed a rounded tracheid shape and intercellular space. The differences between CW and OW in P. merkusii seedlings were significant in terms of height of ray cells, tracheid proportion, and resin canal proportion. However, tracheid length, tracheid diameter, tracheid wall thickness, resin canal diameter and frequency, rays frequency, and ray proportion were not significantly different compared to OW and NW.
Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method FAZILAH MUSA; INTAN NURSUHADA MOHD SHAHRUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240705

Abstract

Abstract. Musa F, Shahrudin INM. 2023. Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method. Biodiversitas 24: 3690-3699. The Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park is within the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Malaysia's oldest and most biodiverse hill dipterocarp forest. The destruction of urban greenery in the heart of Kuala Lumpur has prompted stakeholders to conserve this forest as urban ecotourism areas for recreational, educational, and research activities. Due to the absence of a market, the economic value of biodiversity cannot be quantified in monetary terms from an economic perspective. Therefore, it will be difficult for stakeholders to justify the cost of conservation in their management in the future. This study's objective was to determine the economic value of biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park by determining a visitor's Willingness to Pay (WTP) using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed randomly to both international and domestic tourists to conduct this study. Five bid prices were chosen for domestic and international visitors based on the Logit Model's estimation of the visitor's WTP for biodiversity conservation. This study indicates that most visitors are willing to pay for biodiversity conservation influenced by religion, marital status, income, employment, and education. Furthermore, the results indicate that the WTP's mean and median per visit are MYR3.81 and MYR2.58 based on domestic visitor data. Consequently, this research may aid decision-makers in managing the financial strategy for biodiversity conservation activities. Thus, the conservation fee that visitors can accept based on their willingness to pay will further boost visitors' future visits to the Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park.
The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons RUDI TOMSON HUTASOIT; MUHAMMAD JIHAD; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240737

Abstract

Abstract. Hutasoit RT, Jihad M, Listihani L, Selangga DGW. 2023. The relationship between vector insect populations, natural enemies, and disease incidence of tungro virus during wet and dry seasons. Biodiversitas 24: 4001-4007. Tungro virus is one of the most prevalent viruses affecting rice plants. The tungro virus is frequently found in rice plantations because its green planthopper vector is always present. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the population density of green planthoppers and its natural enemies with the incidence of tungro disease during the rainy and dry seasons in Lanrang, Sidenreng Rappang, South Sulawesi. The research method employed was field monitoring of the population density of green planthoppers, natural enemies, and the incidence of tungro disease. The presence of the tungro virus was confirmed by the molecular method using RTSV and RTBV-specific primers. The results showed three types of tungro vector insects: Nephotettix virescens, Nephotettix nigropictus, and Recilia dorsalis. Nephotettix virescens was the dominant vector insect, with the highest population in March and August of 101 and 51 individuals, respectively. During the dry season, the high population of the three vector insects in August was followed by a high incidence of tungro disease in September, reaching 29.38%. Symptoms of yellow leaves have been confirmed by molecular methods, which indicated that the infection was caused by RTSV and RTBV, as evidenced by the amplification of DNA bands measuring 787 bp and 1400 bp. Data on the population of vector insects and the incidence of tungro disease indicated the importance of determining the ideal time to plant to avoid the plant's susceptible phase during the peak vector population between March and August. The dominant natural enemies found during the observations included Araneus inustus, Tetragnatha maxillosa, Agriocnemis pygmaea, and Menochilus sexmaculatus. Increasing the population of natural enemies could suppress the population of vector insects.
Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications NORILYN F. FONTARUM-BULAWIN; MARIA MELANIE P. MEDECILO-GUIANG; MICHAEL A. CALARAMO; GRECEBIO JONATHAN D. ALEJANDRO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240748

Abstract

Abstract. Fontarum-Bulawin NF, Medecilo-Guiang MMP, Calaramo MA, Alejandro GJD. 2023. Palynology of Philippine Amorphophallus Blume ex Decne. (Araceae) and its taxonomic implications. Biodiversitas 24: 4095-4109. Amorphophallus is one of the genera of Araceae with diverse pollen characters. This study aimed to investigate the pollen morphological characters of Amorphophallus in the Philippines for inferring taxonomical relationships. Light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to investigate pollen morphology of 14 accessions of Amorphophallus. Both acetolyzed and unacetolyzed pollens were studied to compare the outward aspect of pollens and the pollen characters were subjected to cluster analysis. Results revealed that pollen grains were mostly spheroidal, prolate-spheroidal, and subspheroidal in shape. The pollen sizes vary from 3.0 to 50 µm and exhibit very small to medium sizes. The ornamentations of unacetolyzed pollens were psilate and striate, whereas ornamentations in acetolyzed pollens are varied from psilate, rugulate, rugulate hamulate, reticulate, scabrate, striateto verrucate ornamentations. All pollens were inaperturate and monad. Cluster analysis using Euclidean generated 2 major clusters, namely Cluster I consists of Amorphophallus adamsensis Magtoto, Mones, Ballada, Austria, R.M.Dizon, Alangui, Regina, Amorphophallus sp.3 (Samar), Amorphophallus yaoi A.Galloway, Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus flammeus Calaramo, Batuyong, Bulawin & Alejandro, Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett. et al. (Ilocos), Amorphophallus rayongii Hett. & Medecilo, Amorphophallus sp.2 (Romblon), and Amorphophallus urceolatus Hett., A.Galloway & Medecilo (Cavite); and cluster 2 consists of Amorphophallus paeoniifolius (Dennst.) Nicolson, Amorphophallus fontarumii Bulawin, Medecilo & Alejandro, Amorphophallus rostratus Hett., Amorphophallus longispathaceus Engl.& Gehrm., and Amorphophallus sp.1 Based on this study, pollen shape, size, and ornamentation can be used as supplemental characters for the taxonomic identification of Amorphophallus in the Philippines.
Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca OEDJIJONO OEDJIJONO; DYAH FITRI KUSHARYATI; DINI RYANDINI; HENDRO PRAMONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240762

Abstract

Abstract. Oedjijono, Kusharyati DF, Ryandini D, Pramono H. 2023. Inhibition of Multi Drug-Resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae by bacteriocin bifidobacteria and the viability of selected bifidobacteria encapsulated with tapioca. Biodiversitas 24: 4175-4182. This study was conducted to investigate the antimicrobial efficacy of eight Bifidobacterium spp. against multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria, namely Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, the viability of selected encapsulated bifidobacteria was assessed at different storage durations. The non-neutralized or neutralized supernatant pH of eight bifidobacterial isolates (BCC6, BC4, BBP6, BC7, BBP1, BC13, BCC5, BCC8) inhibited the growth of MDR E. coli and K. pneumoniae. The non-neutralized supernatant Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 resulted in the highest inhibition against E. coli or K. pneumoniae with a clear zone of 8 mm. In contrast, the neutralized supernatant of Bifidobacterium sp. BBP1 showed the highest inhibition only against E. coli, with a clear zone of 8 mm. The bacteriocin of BCC5 and BBP6 isolates showed the highest inhibition against MDR E. coli, with inhibition zones of 12.5 mm and 12 mm, respectively. Similarly, the bacteriocin of BBP6 isolate gave the highest inhibition against K. pneumoniae, with a zone of 7 mm. The cell numbers of the tapioca-encapsulated isolate BBP6 were quite stable in comparison to BBP1, which were 8.4 log cfu.g-1 and 8.1 log cfu.g-1 at initial storage and 6.32 log cfu.g-1 and 7.41 log cfu.g-1 after eight weeks. The viability percentage of encapsulated Bifidobacterium sp. BBP6 (86.91%) surpassed that of BBP1 isolate (78.41%) during the eight-week storage period at 4oC. The storage time of the BBP6 at 4oC was 6.05 weeks or 42.35 days.
The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; I GUSTI AYU DIAH YUNITI; PUTU LASMI YULIANTHI SAPANCA; NI PUTU PANDAWANI; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240746

Abstract

Abstract. Listihani L, Yuniti IGAD, Sapanca PLY, Pandawani NP, Selangga DGW. 2023. The antiviral potential of macroalgae in suppressing Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) infection in sweet potatoes. Biodiversitas 24: 4079-4086. Sweet potato leaf curl virus (SPLCV) was first found in sweet potatoes in Indonesia in 2022. Prevention of spread of virus is essential, especially by using macroalgae extract which is environmentally friendly and has antiviral activity. The aim of present research was to test the potential of sea macroalgae to suppress SPLCV infection and to analyze phytochemicals of potential macroalgae containing an antiviral substance. Macroalgae extract was sprayed on the test plants that were infected by SPLCV. The observed parameters were changes in symptoms, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. The test results up to day 21 showed that Eucheuma spinosum was found to be effective in suppressing SPLCV infection in sweet potatoes, up to symptomless infection in young leaves. E. spinosum and E. cottonii suppressed disease incidence by 80% and 40% and lower disease severity as much as 71% and 48%, while E. serra showed less ability to suppress SPLCV infection. The two macroalgae had flavonoid, saponin, and steroid content which may be the reason to suppress the viral infection. The results of PCR analysis showed that microalgal extract had the highest nucleotide and amino acid homology with Gianyar (LC586170) isolate with values of 99.7 and 100%. The macroalgae with the highest ability to suppress the virus were E. spinosum and E. cottonii. This showed that the application of macroalgae extract did not change the amino acid sequence of SPLCV isolate.
Comparative study of the application fish apartments in Situbondo and Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia WAHYU ISRONI; ZULKISAM PRAMUDIA; ANJAS SASANA BAHRI; MEGA ASRI RISQIANA; NURUL MAULIDA; TIA DWI IRAWANDANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240741

Abstract

Abstract. Isroni W, Pramudia Z, Bahri AS, Risqiana MA, Maulida N, Irawandani TD. 2023. Comparative study of the application fish apartments in Situbondo and Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4034-4045. Fisheries resources which are common property in their utilization are vulnerable to overfishing conditions due to exploratory actions. In addition, the use of destructive fishing gear and habitat degradation has a great impact on fisheries productivity which continues to decrease. Fish apartments as alternative artificial habitat have been successfully applied in Probolinggo, especially for coral organisms. This study compares the application of fish apartments in two different locations, Karang Katon Probolinggo and Karang Mayit Beach Situbondo. Through descriptive and valuative approaches, the survey results showed that in Karang Katon there were 5 species, the highest composition level is Acanthurus achilles (51.56%).Karang Mayit Beach there were 3 species, the highest composition level is Chaetodon octofasciatus (60.56%). The highest abundance is Acanthurus achilles (34.4 ind/m2) in Karang Katon and Chaetodon octofasciatus (42.2 ind/m2) in Karang Mayit Beach. The diversity index in Karang Katon-1.280, while in Karang Mayit Beach-0.853. The dominance index in Karang Katon 0.343, while in Karang Mayit Beach 0.496. Based on this research, the analysis showed positive results for both different locations, indicating it can be used as new habitats for sustainability and increased productivity of fisheries resources.

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