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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 55 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 25 no. 4 (2024)" : 55 Documents clear
Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters I KETUT SUMANTRA; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; PUTU EKA PASMIDI ARIATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250447

Abstract

Abstract. Sumantra IK, Listihani L, Ariati PEP. 2024. Diversity of Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss from Bali, Indonesia based on morphological and molecular characters. Biodiversitas 25: 1771-1780. There are several salak (Salacca zalacca (Gaertn.) Voss) variations based on epicarp (skin) color, pulp aroma, and taste. The different characters are not only found among different production centers, but also among plants cultivated in the same area. This study aimed to identify the morphological and molecular characters of 16 salak cultivars from Bali, Indonesia. Morphological characters were described based on the individual test guideline for salak species and molecular characters were analyzed using four Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, namely OPA3, OPC7, OPD4, and OPD20. The morphological characters of 16 salak cultivars are very diverse in plant height, number of leaflets, leaflets length and width, leaf sheath length, fruit skin color, fruit shape, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per bunch, number of seeds per fruit, and thick pulp. A total of 37 DNA bands ranging from 250-4000 bp was obtained and 28 bands of which are polymorphic. The dendrogram formed 4 clusters. Cluster 1 consists of Bingin, Kelapa, Gulapasir, Nangka, Muani, Gonong, Penyalin, Gondok, Layu, Sudamala, Merah, Jaka, and Putih salak cultivars. Cluster 2 consists of Pada cultivar, cluster 3 consists of Injin cultivar, and cluster 4 consists of Nenas cultivar. This research is the first diversity analysis report on S. zalacca from Bali based on morphological and molecular characters.
Profile of chemical compounds and potency of galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) essential oils from Kemuning Village, Karanganyar District, Central Java, Indonesia MUZZAZINAH MUZZAZINAH; AHMAD YUNUS; YUDI RINANTO; YAYAN SUHERLAN; MURNI RAMLI; DWIKA SARNIA PUTRI; DITA WAHYU NINGTYAS; ANNISA LUTHFIA RAHMA; SINDY JIHAN NABILA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250406

Abstract

Abstract. Muzzazinah, Yunus A, Rinanto Y, Suherlan Y, Ramli M, Putri DS, Ningtyas DW, Rahma AL, Nabila SJ. 2024. Profile of chemical compounds and potency of galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) essential oils from Kemuning Village, Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1386-1393. Kencur or galangal (Kaempferia galanga L.) belongs to the Zingiberaceae family, which is known to contain essential oils. K. galanga essential oil is commonly used as a traditional medicine, one of which is to treat inflammation. This study aims to analyze the chemical content of the essential oil of K. galanga from Kemuning Village and their known bioactivities. The material used was essential oil from the distillation of K. galanga rhizome, which is the waste product of Kemuning essential oil production. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was applied to analyze the chemical content of K. galanga essential oil. The results showed that the phytochemical content of K. galanga essential oil compounds were Pentadecane: 36.64%, Cyperene: 1.16%, Alpha-gurjunene: 1.04%, Heptadecane: 1.24%, 8-Heptadecane: 1.68%, Gamma-Muurolene: 1.55%, (2,2)-3,6-Nonadienal: 2.41%, Ethyl (2E), 3-Phenyl-2-Propenoate: 16.02 %, Ethyl P-Methoxycinnamate: 6.36%, and Ethyl P-Methoxycinnamate: 25.54%. This study shows that K. galanga is a good source of phytoconstituents used as industrial raw materials to produce medicines, perfumes, and flavoring ingredients.
Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential ARI HARMAYANI; MARLINA MARLINA; ENDANG PURWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250420

Abstract

Abstract. Harmayani A, Marlina, Purwati E. 2024. Characteristics of probiotic lactic acid bacteria isolated from edible birds nests as antimicrobials potential. Biodiversitas 25: 1521-1527. Indonesia's export commodities include Edible Bird Nests (EBN), which possess significant economic worth. EBN is a nutrient-dense functional food that offers substantial health benefits. This study assessed the antibacterial capabilities of Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) extracted from EBN. This study utilized EBN sourced from three samples in West Sumatra, Indonesia, specifically in the Agam District. Use the method of experimental and collection sample EBN and identification of LAB in vitro. The isolates were examined for their morphological and biochemical characteristics. In addition, an antibacterial test was conducted along with molecular identification of the 16S rRNA gene. The findings indicated that the LAB exhibited gram-positive features, with bacilli morphology. They were also catalase-negative and classified in the homofermentative category. Antimicrobial activity was seen in all three EBN samples. BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate exhibited the highest antimicrobial activity against Listeria monocytogenes CFSN004330, with an inhibition zone diameter of 19.53 mm. It also demonstrated significant activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 (18.71 mm), Propionibacterium acne (18.20 mm), and Escherichia coli 0157 (14.60 mm). The molecular identification using 16S rRNA revealed that the LAB obtained from the BK3 edible birds’ nest isolate had similarities with Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain HBUAS6004, which possesses antibacterial properties against pathogenic bacteria. There was an expectation that LAB isolates derived from EBN may serve as natural antimicrobials, providing benefits to animal and human health benefits.
Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia MAIRAWITA MAIRAWITA; H. HERWINA; F. HIDAYAT; M.N. JANRA; F. DINIYATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250402

Abstract

Abstract. Mairawita, Herwina H, Hidayat F, Janra MN, Diniyati F.. 2024. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in vipers (Serpentes: Viperidae) reared in Padang City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 1352-1358. Vipers are widely distributed worldwide, including in the Asian region, and are currently decreasing in their natural population due to various factors. The most prominent characteristic is the exploitation of vipers for being human pets. Among other cities in West Sumatra, Padang is considerably dense with reptile hobbyists and owners who keep reptiles for their fancy, including the vipers, as this snake taxon has a colorful morphological appearance. This study aims to investigate gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City in terms of parasitic species inventory and their prevalence. Parasites were collected from the feces of vipers in Padang City from November to December 2021. Parasite extraction was conducted at the Animal Taxonomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Universitas Andalas, Padang, Indonesia. Fecal samples of reared viper species were obtained from 38 individuals (five genera and 10 species. Fecal samples were then processed with a centrifugation-float method to observe the parasites and four types of endoparasites were revealed, namely Kalicephalus spp. (38.8%), Ophidascaris spp. (33.3%), Oxyuris spp. (44.4%), and Rhabdias spp. (38.8%), in their egg stage. Gastrointestinal parasites in reared vipers in Padang City are more common as single infestation cases at 63% than mixed infestation cases at 32% and not infested only at 5%.
Antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii to control Pepper yellow leaf curl virus I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; I PUTU SUDIARTA; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250430

Abstract

Abstract. Temaja IGRM, Selangga DGW, Sudiarta IP, Listhiani L. 2024. Antiviral activity of Eucheuma cottonii to control Pepper yellow leaf curl virus. Biodiversitas 25: 1615-1622. The chili pepper plant in Bali is often infected with yellow curl symptoms caused by Pepper yellow leaf curl Indonesia virus (PYLCIV). The virus is always present in the field and no control measure has been found effective to suppress the PYLCIV infection. Control efforts using macroalgae extract have been frequently used and are able to suppress plant virus infection, but no report on its effectiveness in suppressing PYLCIV infection. This research aimed to analyze the effect of Eucheuma cottonii Weber Bosse macroalgae extract in suppressing PYLCIV infection on chili pepper plants in Bali. The observed parameters were symptom changes, disease incidence and severity, virus confirmation by PCR, and phytochemical analysis. Chili pepper plants infected by PYLCIV before E. cottonii application showed moderate to severe symptoms, but after E. cottonii application plants turned symptomless or showed light symptoms. The PYLCIV disease incidence in chili pepper Seret and Pelita8 cultivars before application was 100%, and after application ranged from 45-55%. The PYLCIV disease severity in chili pepper Seret and Pelita 8 cultivars before application ranged between 68-72%, and after application ranged between 25-34%. PYLCV on chili pepper Seret and Pelita 8 cultivar that were treated with E. cottonii produced lighter DNA band compared to positive control (C+). Major compounds found in E. cottonii extract were propanoic acid, ethyl ester; n-propyl acetate; sec-Butyl acetate; Toluene; Bicyclo [4.2.0] octa-1, 3, 5- triene; and styrene. The E. cottonii extract was able to suppress the PYLCIV infection on chili pepper plants.
Fish diversity and environmental factors at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site, Thailand RUTHAIRAT SIRIWATTANARAT; WEERAWICH WONGROJ; ARIN NGAMNIYOM; VEERA VILASRI; SIRIKANYA CHUNGTHANAWONG; PORNTEP PUNNARAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250407

Abstract

Abstract. Siriwattanarat R, Wongroj W, Ngamniyom A, Vilasri V, Chungthanawong S, Punnarak P. 2024. Fish diversity and environmental factors at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site, Thailand. Biodiversitas 25: 1394-1403. The Don Hoi Lot mudflat, recognized as a Ramsar site, is a globally acclaimed wetland located in the Khlong Khon Sub-district of Samut Songkhram Province, Thailand. This research aims to study fish diversity and environmental variables at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site; fish samples were collected using cast nets (mesh size 1.5 cm and 2.5 cm) and gill nets (mesh size of ¾ inch, 1.5 inches, and 2 inches) by local fisheries from four sampling stations which represented upstream (KK1), midstream (KK2), downstream (KK3), and estuary (KK4) zones in Khlong Khon Bay during January to April 2023. A total of 1,389 fish specimens were collected, representing 36 species belonging to 26 families. Higher diversity in number of species (28-35 species), Shannon index (2.90-2.98), and species richness (10.40-13.11) were found at downstream and estuary stations, while the lowest number of fish species (three species), Shannon index (0.75), and species richness (0.68) were recorded at the upstream station. Similarly, the higher relative abundance of fish (84-173 specimens) was observed at downstream and estuary stations, and the lowest relative abundance (29-50 specimens) was also reported at the upstream station. The blackchin tilapia (Sarotherodon melanotheron Rüppell 1852) was the dominant species at the Don Hoi Lot Ramsar Site during the study periods, followed by the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus Peters 1852)). Principal component analysis (PCA) further revealed that altitude, temperature, pH, salinity, transparency, ammonia, phosphate and silicate had significant relationships within fish assemblages, whereas nitrite and nitrate were less important in this study. Nonetheless, the rapid expansion of the blackchin cichlid population has had an adverse impact on native fish populations, which could pose a real threat to fish diversity and population, and other aquatic organisms.
Biodiversity, ecology, and bionomic aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes during the dry season in southern Sumatra DALILAH DALILAH; CHAIRIL ANWAR; DIN SYAFRUDDIN; R. IRPAN PAHLEPI; IRSAN SALEH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250434

Abstract

Abstract. Dalilah D, Anwar C, Syafruddin D, Saleh I, Pahlepi RI. 2024. Biodiversity, ecology, and bionomic aspects of Anopheles mosquitoes during the dry season in southern Sumatra. Biodiversitas 25: 1644-1654. South Sumatra and Lampung are western parts of Indonesia’s provinces that are endemic to malaria. This study aimed to determine Anopheles mosquitoes’ diversity, ecology, and biting behavior in both provinces. Understanding the diversity, ecology, and bionomy of Anopheles supports malaria elimination in endemic areas as well as surveillance of vectors in malaria-eliminated areas. The study was conducted during the dry season from June to July 2023. Mosquitoes were collected from southern Sumatra, Indonesia, i.e. Segara Kembang Village in Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) District, South Sumatra Province, as well as Gayau and Durian Villages in Pesawaran District, Lampung Province. Adult mosquitoes were caught by human landing, resting, and cattle bait collection, while larvae were collected with dippers in the breeding habitat. A total of 4426 mosquitoes from 8 species of Anopheles were identified based on their morphology. The diversity index of Anopheles from all sample areas during this season was low (H’<1). Anopheles barbirostris s.l. and An. vagus found in habitats such as paddy fields and former fish ponds in OKU and Pesawaran District. As for abandoned shrimp ponds in Pesawaran, An. sundaicus s.l. and An. subpictus s.l. were the dominant ones. Mosquito An. sundaicus s.l seems to have a greater tendency to bite humans, whereas An. subpictus s.l was generally zoophilic. An. vagus was always present in all collection methods in all villages, with the greatest abundance in OKU. The finding indicates An. vagus appears to be the most variable in the behavior of all captured mosquitoes; therefore, in the future, it may be able to act as a major vector if transmission is not prevented.
Segregation analysis and floral phenotype of T2 transgenic yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) carrying neomycin phosphotransferase II gene in second generation MUHAMMAD GHAUTS AL AZAM MUCHYIDDIN; WIDHI DYAH SAWITRI; MUHAMMAD BURHANUDDIN IRSYADI; TANTRI SWANDARI; AZIZ PURWANTORO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250441

Abstract

Abstract. Muchyiddin MGAA, Sawitri WD, Irsyadi MB, Swandari T, Purwantoro A. 2024. Segregation analysis and floral phenotype of T2 transgenic yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) carrying neomycin phosphotransferase II gene in second generation. Biodiversitas 25: 1711-1717. The seed of transgenic yellow cosmos (Cosmos sulphureus Cav.) lines harbouring neomycin phosphotranferase II (nptII) gene have been obtained from our previous studies. The nptII selectable marker gene is commonly used for developing a method to estimate the number of targeted gene integrated into the genome. In order to produce successful clones, it is important to ensure that transgenes are inherited sexually as the dominant trait in T2 progeny. This study aimed to obtain the segregation patterns of nptII gene in two populations derived from open- and self-pollinated and evaluated floral phenotypic of T2 transgenic yellow cosmos. The molecular analysis of transgenic yellow cosmos was conducted by PCR and the obtained data was analyzed using a Chi-Square test. The results showed that transgenes were inherited in 1:1 for transgenic and wild-type in both self- and open-pollinated populations. Therefore, it indicated that T2 transgenic plants were still unstable and evolved continuously to segregate independently in the over generation. Surprisingly, the morphological changes were detected in transgenic plants. The mixture of ligulate and tubular types in ray floret was found in some of the flower types in T2 yellow cosmos. In this case, nptII gene may diverge in apparently random genome insertion. This insertion would induce morphological changes in the ray floret type of flower since recombination estimates varied among transformation events.
Cloning and expression of Rubisco Like Protein (RLP) from halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5 IRWAN SUDARMANTO; LINCE SITOHANG; SAIFUR ROHMAN; WAYAN TUNAS ARTAMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250429

Abstract

Abstract. Sudarmanto I, Sitohang L, Rohman S, Artama WT. 2024. Cloning and expression of Rubisco Like Protein (RLP) from halophilic bacterium Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5. Biodiversitas 25: 1605-1614. This research seeks to identify and determine the Rubisco-like protein characteristics from Chromohalobacter salexigens BKL 5 tested using a recombinant method approach. C. salexigens BKL 5 is a halophilic bacterium found in Bledug Kuwu Mud, Central Java. The Open Reading Frame (ORF) gene encoding Rubisco-like protein from that bacterium was successfully amplified using the polymerase chain reaction method using the primers we designed. Cloning of that gene on the pCold plasmid was carried out using the double digest method with the restriction enzymes NdeI and EcoRI. The results of plasmid transformation in Escherichia coli BL 21 were successful, indicating that the bacterial culture was grown in Luria Bertoni agar media containing the antibiotic ampicillin. Overexpression protein of the transformed Escherichia coli BL 21 shows that the effective temperature that produces maximum results is 16°C. The results of sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the protein belongs to the Rubisco family, namely Rubisco-like protein with a residue of 429 amino acids and a weight of 46 kDa. Prediction of 3D structures using the Alphafold tool gives an accuracy above 90%. Observation of the 3D structure shows that glutamic acid is more distributed on the surface of the protein which is important for protein solubility. Tests with SOPMA showed that this protein was dominated by random coil structure of 41.96% which was identical to that found in bacterial species in extreme habitats. The dynamic molecular analysis using Yasara at 10 ns showed that the protein had a tendency to undergo considerable deformation but remained stable.
Influence of local potential plant biodiversity as green manure on soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice plants SUNTORO SUNTORO; GANJAR HERDIANSYAH; HERY WIDIJANTO; HAIKAL RAFI WARDHANA; AZHAR DIMAS TJAHJANTO; CHELYNA PUSPITASARI; EKO AMIADJI JULIANTO; MAROETO MAROETO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 4 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d250435

Abstract

Abstract. Suntoro S, Herdiansyah G, Widijanto H, Wardhana HR, Tjahjanto AD, Puspitasari C, Julianto EA, Maroeto. 2024. Influence of local potential plant biodiversity as green manure on soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content of rice plants. Biodiversitas 25: 1655-1662. Continuous use of chemical fertilizers in the agricultural sector causes several problems. One of several solutions that can be offered is using green manure, which could restore soil fertility and be way more sustainable for the environment. A few criteria for plants to be made into green manure are having a fast decomposition process and a low C/N ratio. This research aims to discover local potential green manure based on nutrient content and response to rice plants' soil total N, N uptake, and chlorophyll content. This research used the experiment method with a single factor Randomized Completely Block Design. There were 10 treatments with 3 replications, namely P0: control; P1: NPK 200 kg/ha; P2: Rice straw 10 tons/ha; P3: Chromolaena 10 tons/ha; P4: Ipomoea 10 tons/ha; P5: Eichhornia 10 tons/ha; P6: NPK 100 kg/ha + Rice straw 5 tons/ha; P7: NPK 100 kg/ha + Chromolaena 5 tons/ha; P8: NPK 100 kg/ha + Ipomoea 5 tons/ha; P9: NPK 100 kg/ha + Eichhornia 5 tons/ha. The results showed that Chromolaena, Ipomoea, and Eichhornia have the potential to be developed as green manure because they have high N nutrient content and low C/N ratio. These three green manures can balance the NPK fertilizer and significantly increase soil total-N content, N uptake, and chlorophyll levels in rice plants. They also provide N nutrients, N uptake, and chlorophyll levels in rice plants.

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