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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 38 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 27 no. 5 (2026)" : 38 Documents clear
Probiotic potential of indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from spiny lobster (Panulirus sp.) RAHMAD LINGGA; VERRY ANDRE FABIANI; ZULFARINA ZULFARINA; YURNALIZA YURNALIZA; NURZAIDAH PUTRI DALIMUNTHE; BRENDOFLIN KURNIAWAN; TITIK ANGRAHINI; SAWA KUSTARIA; GUSDUR GUSDUR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270525

Abstract

Abstract. Lingga R, Fabiani VA, Zulfarina, Yurnaliza, Dalimunthe NP, Kurniawan B, Angrahini T, Kustaria S, Gusdur. 2026. Probiotic potential of indigenous lactic acid bacteria isolated from spiny lobster (Panulirus sp.). Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270525. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270525. Feed management represents a fundamental factor influencing the efficiency and sustainability of lobster aquaculture operations. The nutritional requirements of lobsters encompass essential macronutrients, including proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids, traditionally supplied through fresh or formulated feeds. This study investigated the probiotic potential of indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) isolated from the intestines of spiny lobsters (Panulirus sp.) to address feed-related challenges in lobster aquaculture. Five marine lobster intestines were used as samples for LAB isolation using the spread plate method onto de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe Agar (MRSA) medium supplemented with 1% CaCO₃. From 39 initial isolates, eight distinct taxa belonging to Lactobacillus and Enterococcus genera were characterized through morphological, biochemical, and physiological analyses. The isolates exhibited LAB properties and were Gram-positive, with diverse morphologies (cocci, bacilli, and coccobacilli). Eight isolates namely LM1, LM4, LP2, LP3, LP4, LP12, LP40, and LP33 were selected for further probiotic potential testing. Physiological characterization revealed robust adaptability across varied environmental conditions, with growth sustained at temperatures between 27-45°C and pH levels ranging from 2.5 to 8.0. Antimicrobial assays demonstrated significant pathogenic inhibition, with LM04 showing the largest inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus (maximum zone 25.94±1.58 mm) and Escherichia coli (maximum zone 15.51±1.06 mm). Isolates LP40 and LP12 showed effectiveness against both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Vibrio sp. Most isolates showed antibiotic resistance to chloramphenicol while maintaining intermediate sensitivity to tetracycline and ampicillin. Isolate LM1 showed the highest growth rate, with populations reaching 23.5×10⁸ CFU/mL, LP2 showed the highest adhesion capabilities (9.9%±0.09). Identification based on 16S rRNA gene analysis showed that isolates LP3 and LP12 were Enterococcus faecalis, whereas the other isolates were identified only based on phenotypic characteristics. These findings established the indigenous LAB from Panulirus sp. as a promising probiotic candidate, particularly for enhancing disease resistance in lobster aquaculture systems, while highlighting areas for future optimization.
New COI records of Myripristis kuntee (Pisces: Holocentridae) from Indonesia and preliminary genetic comparison with Asian public sequences NADYA TIRTA; ESSY HARNELLY; RANIA FERANITA FACHRI; PUTRI KHAIRANI AMALIA SIREGAR; NANDA MUHAMMAD RAZI; NANDA ULFA KHAIRA; MUTIA RAMADHANIATY; SRI RISKA RAHAYU; NURLITA PUTRI ANGGRAINI; RAISSHA AMANDA SIREGAR; ADRIAN DAMORA; NUR FADLI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270530

Abstract

Abstract. Tirta N, Harnelly E, Fachri RF, Siregar PKA, Razi NM, Khaira NU, Ramadhaniaty M, Rahayu SR, Anggraini NP, Siregar RA, Damora A, Fadli N. 2026. New COI records of Myripristis kuntee (Pisces: Holocentridae) from Indonesia and preliminary genetic comparison with Asian public sequences. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270530. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270530. Shoulderbar soldierfish (Myripristis kuntee) is a reef-associated fish of ecological and economic importance widely distributed across the Indo-Pacific. However, molecular data for this species in Indonesian waters remain limited. This study provides the first cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) based genetic record of M. kuntee from Indonesia and provides a preliminary genetic comparison with publicly available Asian sequences. Five specimens were collected in July 2024 from fishermen at a fish landing site in Ujung Pancu, Aceh Besar, Indonesia. A total of 27 mitochondrial COI sequences were analyzed, including five newly generated samples and 22 sequences retrieved from GenBank (Philippines, China, Taiwan, Bangladesh, and India). Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analyses were performed using MEGA, haplotype analyses were conducted in DnaSP, and genetic diversity indices were calculated using ARLEQUIN. Fifteen haplotypes were identified across six populations. The Philippines exhibited high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.924; π = 0.025), while Indonesia showed moderate haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.700; π = 0.002), and Bangladesh exhibited no detectable variation. Genetic distances ranged from 0.002 between Indonesia and China to 0.219 between the Philippines and Bangladesh, suggesting close affinity between Indonesian and Chinese sequences but substantial mitochondrial divergence among some regional samples. Phylogenetic analysis revealed two clusters: China, the Philippines, Indonesia, and Taiwan grouped together, suggesting a close mitochondrial relationship, whereas Bangladesh clustered with one Indian sequence. These findings establish baseline COI barcode data for M. kuntee from Indonesia and provide preliminary insights into regional mitochondrial variation, although broader and more balanced sampling is required to confirm these patterns.
Systematic conservation planning for pelagic fish habitats in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia AMEHR HAKIM; AM AZBAS TAURUSMAN; BUDY WIRYAWAN; ARI PURBAYANTO; REGI DARMAWAN; IRFAN YULIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270513

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim A, Taurusman AA, Wiryawan B, Purbayanto A, Darmawan R, Yulianto I. 2026. Systematic conservation planning for pelagic fish habitats in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270513. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270513. Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is a key species in pelagic fisheries, providing substantial economic value while playing an important role in pelagic food webs. However, increasing fishing pressure raises concerns regarding stock sustainability and ecosystem integrity. This study aimed to identify priority areas for offshore pelagic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia, by integrating ecological and socio‑economic information within a systematic conservation planning framework. Spatial analyses of spawning and nursery habitats derived from larval surveys were combined with fishing‑related cost data and analyzed using Marxan to optimize conservation prioritization under four alternative scenarios. The analysis identified four candidate conservation areas (Areas I-IV). Among these, Area IV that located between Sangihe and Talaud Islands, consistently emerged as the highest conservation priority, offering the most favorable balance between high ecological value and low fishing intensity. Area IV covers approximately 599,790.91 ha, with 282,364.82 ha (47.08%) identified as a core conservation zone supporting critical spawning and nursery habitats of D. macarellus. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating larval habitat data with spatial optimization tools to identify cost‑efficient and ecologically robust offshore conservation areas. The approach provides a scientifically grounded framework for offshore pelagic MPA planning and contributes empirical evidence to support ecosystem‑based fisheries management in the Sulawesi Sea.
Mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in the unprotected coastal areas of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines GLE LIEZL C. SANTE; DRAHCIR E. UBAT; MAREN M. PENDON; JAYSON R. PUCOT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270507

Abstract

Abstract. Sante GLC, Ubat DE, Pendon MM, Pucot JR. 2026. Mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in the unprotected coastal areas of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270507. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270507. Mangrove ecosystems are vital for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, yet their ecological functions within fragmented, unprotected margins remain understudied. This study provides the first integrated evaluation of mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon stocks in the unprotected coastal zones of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines. A total of 36 plots (10×10 m) were established across four barangays for vegetation assessment. Five mangrove species from three families were recorded, indicating substantially lower species richness compared to nearby protected areas. The community was numerically dominated by Avicennia marina (67.80% relative abundance), while Sonneratia alba, despite its low abundance, contributed the highest aboveground biomass (217.15 Mg/ha) and carbon stock (104.23 MgC/ha). Total estimated stand aboveground biomass and carbon stock were 519.33±75.57 Mg/ha and 249.27±36.28 MgC/ha, respectively. Diversity was highest in Brgy. Tuban (H′: 1.04, J′: 0.94), reflecting a relatively balanced species distribution despite low overall richness. Crucially, while the area retains significant blue carbon capacity driven by mature legacy trees, it suffers from structural imbalance and depleted biodiversity. This underscores the urgent need for strategic conservation interventions, including mixed-species restoration and the strict protection of mature stands, and their integration into local coastal management frameworks to enhance both biodiversity and climate mitigation functions.
Contrasting bleaching severity between marine protected and coral restoration areas on Pramuka Island, Indonesia ZULFANDRA BACHRUL KALAM; ALFAIZ ARSELAN; DENNY KHAERUDI; DONDY ARAFAT; NEVIATY P. ZAMANI; NYOMAN METTA N. NATIH; RADIXA RADYA RAMADHAN HARYANTO; INNA PUSPA; SYAMSUL BAHRI AGUS; BEGINER SUBHAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270531

Abstract

Abstract. Kalam ZB, Arselan A, Khaerudi D, Arafat D, Zamani NP, Natih NMN, Haryanto RRR, Puspa I, Agus SB, Subhan B. 2026. Contrasting bleaching severity between marine protected and coral restoration areas on Pramuka Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270531. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270531. The 2023-2024 global coral bleaching event provided an urgent context for assessing reef responses under contrasting management regimes. This study compared bleaching prevalence, hard coral cover, genus composition, and life-history strategy distributions between a Marine Protected Area (MPA) and an active coral restoration site (RPTRA Smiling Coral) on Pramuka Island, Thousand Islands, Indonesia. Surveys were conducted in January 2024 using a rapid photo-quadrat method across three depth strata (5, 10, and 15 m) at both sites. The MPA exhibited severely degraded coral cover (below 25% at all depths) and extremely high bleaching prevalence (83.75-91.81%), with near-total bleaching in dominant genera including Pachyseris spp. and Pleuractis spp. In contrast, the RPTRA restoration site showed bleaching rates below 33% across all depths, with Porites spp. displaying more stable responses. Despite uniform water temperatures of 30°C across all depths, bleaching was most severe at 5 m, suggesting that light intensity amplifies thermal stress in shallow habitats. Critically, all four life-history strategies were represented among bleached genera, indicating that even stress-tolerant corals are approaching their thermal tolerance limits. These findings indicate that sites under active restoration were associated with substantially lower bleaching prevalence and better ecological condition than the passively protected MPA, consistent with the hypothesis that active restoration enhances post-bleaching recovery capacity. This association has implications for the long-term biodiversity resilience of coral communities under escalating climate stress, though the observational design precludes direct causal attribution.
Molecular and morphological identification of Argyrops and Acanthopagrus (Sparidae) in the Java Sea, Indonesia AGUS NURYANTO; FABIAN RIZKY FATHURAHMAN; DIAN BHAGAWATI; ERWIN RIYANTO ARDLI; DWI NUGROHO WIBOWO; ATANG ATANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270508

Abstract

Abstract. Nuryanto A, Fathurahman FR, Bhagawati D, Ardli ER, Wibowo DN, Atang. 2026. Molecular and morphological identification of Argyrops and Acanthopagrus (Sparidae) in the Java Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270508. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270508. Accurate species identification is fundamental to effective fisheries management and understanding of marine biodiversity. Previous morphological records have reported Argyrops spinifer from Indonesian waters, including the Java Sea, Indonesia, while recent molecular evidence from southern Java identified Argyrops bleekeri. These inconsistencies highlight the need for integrative taxonomic approaches. This study aimed to evaluate sparid diversity along the northern coast of Java Island using morphological examination and DNA barcoding of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Fish specimens were collected from four landing sites (Pekalongan, Cirebon, Indramayu, Karawang) along the Java Sea. A total of 31 specimens were examined, comprising 15 Acanthopagrus and 16 Argyrops. High-quality COI sequences were obtained from 30 specimens (96.8% success rate). Molecular identification assigned all Acanthopagrus specimens to Acanthopagrus pacificus (n:15). Among Argyrops, 14 specimens were identified as A. bleekeri, while only one specimen was identified as A. spinifer, representing just 6.7% of Argyrops samples. Genetic similarity values (99.04-100%) and low intraspecific K2P distances (0.0027-0.0036) confirmed species-level assignments, while phylogenetic analysis supported clear separation between taxa. The coexistence of A. bleekeri and A. spinifer at the Indramayu landing site provides the first molecular confirmation of A. spinifer in the Java Sea and demonstrates the limitations of morphology alone, as both species were indistinguishable based on external traits. These findings highlight the risk of species misidentification in fisheries data when relying solely on traditional taxonomy. Integrating molecular tools with morphological examination is therefore critical to avoid compromising stock assessments and biodiversity monitoring in Indonesian marine ecosystems.
Diversity of freshwater fish in Jabodetabek (rivers and lakes), Indonesia NOER SARIFAH AINY; LUTHFIRALDA SJAHFIRDI; MUFTI PATRIA PETALA; HARINALDI HARINALDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270518

Abstract

Abstract. Ainy NS, Sjahfirdi L, Petala MP, Harinaldi. 2026. Diversity of freshwater fish in Jabodetabek (rivers and lakes), Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270518. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270518. In the Jabodetabek (Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi) metropolitan area of Indonesia, this study assessed the structure of freshwater fish communities in interconnected river and lake ecosystems. The focus was on diversity, native-alien composition, and spatial homogenization along upstream-downstream river gradients and inlet-outlet lake zonation. From August to December 2024, fish were collected from three rivers (Ciliwung, Cisadane, and Cileungsi) and three lakes (Tonjong, Tunggilis, and Suradita) using standardized plots and various types of fishing gear. The data were then analyzed for species richness, abundance, diversity, dominance, PERMANOVA, and beta dispersion. Rivers had more species (38) and individuals (2,471) than lakes (27 species and 1,375 individuals), but they also had a higher proportion of alien fish (64.90%) than lakes (50.20%). Oreochromis niloticus and Pterygoplichthys pardalis were the dominant invasive species in rivers, especially in the middle and downstream sections. Oreochromis niloticus and Amphilophus labiatus were the dominant invasive species in lakes, particularly in inlet zones and disturbed areas. Lakes showed more pronounced cross-zone biotic homogenization, whereas rivers exhibited higher spatial turnover. However, some degraded areas also showed signs of homogenization. The findings suggest that biological invasions are reducing the complexity of Jabodetabek’s freshwater ecosystems and pushing native species into less disturbed habitats. To reduce the risk of reinvasion and protect freshwater biodiversity, management should focus on controlling the most widespread invasive species, preventing new introductions, restoring habitats, and protecting existing native fish refuges.
Fecal microbiome composition and lactic acid bacteria in Senduro goats revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing GUNTUR TRIMULYONO; SALAMUN SALAMUN; FATIMAH FATIMAH; ALMANDO GERALDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270522

Abstract

Abstract. Trimulyono G, Salamun, Fatimah, Geraldi A. 2026. Fecal microbiome composition and lactic acid bacteria in Senduro goats revealed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270522. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270522. Senduro goat (Capra hircus) is an important breed widely cultivated in Senduro District, Lumajang Regency, East Java, Indonesia. This study aimed to describe the fecal microbiome composition and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) detected in Senduro goats from two age groups (1-2 months and 4-5 years) using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The 16S rRNA gene amplicons from goat fecal samples were sequenced using next-generation sequencing (NGS), targeting the V3-V4 region. Based on descriptive analysis of two composite samples, variation in microbial diversity indices and taxonomic composition was observed between the two samples. Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla in both samples, while several other taxa varied between the two samples. In the fecal samples of kid goats, the dominant phyla included Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria, Campylobacterota, and Fusobacteriota. In the fecal samples of adult goats (FKD), the dominant phyla were Firmicutes, Bacteroidota, Spirochaetota, Verrucomicrobiota, Fibrobacterota, and Desulfobacterota. LAB belonging to the genera Streptococcus, Lactobacillus, Ligilactobacillus, Limosilactobacillus, and HT002 were detected only in the kid goat sample (FKA), indicating variation in gut microbial composition between the two samples and providing preliminary insight into potential microbial candidates associated with early gut colonization in Senduro goats. Because each group was represented by a single composite sample, these findings should be interpreted as preliminary descriptive observations rather than evidence of age-related differences. This study provides baseline information on the fecal microbiome composition of Senduro goats and highlights the need for future studies with adequate biological replication and integrated functional analyses.
Density and species diversity of mangrove flora in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve, Garut, West Java, Indonesia AFRI IRAWAN; TOPIK HIDAYAT; TINA SAFARIA NILAWATI; AZHAR F.N. BANGIEL; DAFFA’ M. IQBAL; SHAYREEN SALSABILA NADJMI; KARINA EKI MARTHA; REZA RAIHANDHANY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270532

Abstract

Abstract. Irawan A, Hidayat T, Nilawati TS, Bangiel AFN, Iqbal DM, Nadjmi SS, Martha KE, Raihandhany R. 2026. Density and species diversity of mangrove flora in Leuweung Sancang Nature Reserve, Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270532. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270532. Mangroves are an ecosystem of considerable ecological importance, situated in the coastal tidal zone and characterized by an overgrowth of plant species capable of surviving in inundated seawater zones. A comprehensive study of the Leuweung Sancang mangrove site reveals the presence of mangrove flora, though further study is necessary to describe the species diversity of this ecosystem fully. This study aimed to analyze the extent of mangroves, stand density, and floristic composition across seven mangrove blocks (Cibaluk, Cikabodasan, Cikolomberan, Cipalawah, Sakad, Cipunaga, and Cibako). Field surveys were conducted using block-based exploration combined with radius-based sampling, and voucher specimens were deposited in the Herbarium of Biology at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia. Spatial boundaries were mapped using GPS-based KML conversion to GIS shapefiles. Species diversity was assessed using the Shannon-Wiener index (H′) and Pielou’s evenness (E), as well as the Sørensen-Dice similarity index and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling ordination (NMDS) for differentiation among blocks. A total of 17 mangrove species across 10 families were recorded, with the Rhizophoraceae as the dominant family. Sonneratia alba showed the highest relative abundance (27%), followed by Rhizophora apiculata (19%) and Aegiceras corniculatum (13%). Total mangrove coverage reached 40.57 ha. Species diversity varied among blocks, with the highest value recorded in Cibako (H′ = 1.87), indicating moderate diversity, while other blocks showed lower values. Evenness values suggested uneven species distribution due to dominance by a few taxa. Similarity analysis and NMDS showed that Cipunaga, Cibako, Cipalawah and Sakad had similar species composition. The findings indicate that the biodiversity of mangrove species in the study area is suitable and supports the reproduction and development of mangrove plants. A comprehensive compilation of diversity data can serve as a crucial element in ecosystem management within conservation areas and support monitoring and future strategies by the Natural Resources Conservation Agency.
Genotype × environment interactions and yield stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes in different altitudes FAIRUZ LUTHFI HANIFAH; DARMAWAN SAPTADI; KUSWANTO KUSWANTO; NIKEN KENDARINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270515

Abstract

Abstract. Hanifah FL, Saptadi D, Kendarini N, Kuswanto. 2026. Genotype × environment interactions and yield stability of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) genotypes in different altitudes. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270515. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270515. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is an important vegetable crop widely cultivated for its high nutritional and economic value, but its productivity is often affected by environmental variability. This research aimed to evaluate genotype × environment interactions, adaptability, and stability of four bush-type common bean genotypes and two check varieties in two agroecological zones, specifically high-altitude area and medium-altitude area. This research was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications per location. Nine parameters were observed, including plant height, number of leaves, days to flowering, days to harvest, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod diameter, pod weight per plant, and yield. A combined analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype, environment, and G × E interactions on most traits. Stability analysis was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. GGE biplot analysis was applied to visualize genotype performance and stability simultaneously. The results indicate that genotypes AB (14.07 t ha-1) and AK (14.19 t ha-1) have the highest yields and broad adaptability, owing to their low contributions to G × E interactions, making them relatively stable at both medium and high altitudes. Genotype BK (12.82 t ha-1) has high yields only in the high altitudes, indicating specific adaptability to high altitude conditions. These findings highlight AB and AK as promising candidates for broad adaptability in high and medium altitude areas, and BK for targeted application in highland production areas.

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