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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 28 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 27 no. 7 (2026)" : 28 Documents clear
Morphological characterization and cluster analysis of local rice landraces (Oryza sativa) from South Sumatra, Indonesia TRIMIN KARTIKA; LALILA HANUM; SYAIFUL EDDY; INDRA YUSTIAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270701

Abstract

Abstract. Kartika T, Hanum L, Eddy S, Yustian I. 2026. Morphological characterization and cluster analysis of local rice landraces (Oryza sativa) from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270701. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270701. Local rice landraces (Oryza sativa) represent important genetic resources for crop improvement and agrobiodiversity conservation. In South Sumatra, these traditional landraces remain underutilized despite their potential to enhance crop diversity across contrasting agroecosystems, such as tidal swamps and rainfed lowlands, reflecting local ecological adaptation. This study aimed to inventory, morphologically characterize, and analyze the phenotypic variation of 30 local rice landraces collected from these two major agroecosystems. Morphological diversity was assessed following standardized rice descriptor system guidelines using six representative plants per accession. Phenotypic data were analyzed using multivariate statistical approaches. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using Gower's dissimilarity coefficient and Ward's method based on 15 morphological traits. The resulting clusters reflect phenotypic similarity among accessions, which may be influenced by environmental conditions, and should not be interpreted as genetic relationships. The evaluated accessions exhibited considerable morphological variation. Plant height ranged from 131 to 217 cm, tiller number from 19.8 to 43.5 per plant, grains per panicle from 176 to 338, and 1000-grain weight from 24.6 to 33.5 g. Several accessions displayed distinctive pigmentation traits, including purple leaf margins. Among the 30 accessions evaluated, cluster analysis grouped them into six major clusters based exclusively on morphological traits, with a silhouette width of 0.56 confirming cluster validity. These groupings showed partial correspondence with agroecosystem origins, including both tidal swamp rice and rainfed lowland accessions. Our study provides baseline information for identifying promising genetic resources for rice breeding and conservation programs.
Short Communication: Chromosome number and karyotype of five native Phalaenopsis spp. orchid from Indonesia SRI HARTATI; KRISTINA AYU ISNAENI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270703

Abstract

Abstract. Hartati S, Isnaeni KA. 2026. Short Communication: Chromosome number and karyotype of five native Phalaenopsis spp. orchid from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270703. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270703. Cytogenetic information on native Phalaenopsis species from Indonesia remains limited despite their importance in orchid breeding, taxonomy, and genetic conservation. Chromosome number and karyotype analyses provide essential information for understanding genome organization, evolutionary relationships, and species differentiation within the genus. This study aimed to characterize chromosome number and karyotype structure of five native species of Phalaenopsis (P. amabilis, P. amboinensis, P. deliciosa, P. gigantea, and P. violacea) from Indonesia using the aceto-orcein squashing method. Chromosome observations were performed on actively dividing root tip cells at the metaphase stage. The results showed that all examined species possessed the same chromosome number of 2n = 38, indicating a diploid condition with a basic chromosome number of x = 19. Chromosome morphology in all species was metacentric, resulting in a symmetrical karyotype formula of 2n = 2x = 38m. The average total chromosome arm lengths varied among species, ranging from 1.53±0.37 µm in P. gigantea to 2.53±0.61 µm in P. violacea. The Intrachromosomal Asymmetry Index (A1) indicated metacentric chromosome morphology, while the Interchromosomal Asymmetry Index (A2) showed low size variation among chromosomes. These findings provide cytogenetic information useful for taxonomy, breeding programs, and genetic conservation of Phalaenopsis.
Temporal dynamics and molecular characterization of acetic acid bacteria during palm vinegar (Arenga pinnata) fermentation RASTINA RASTINA; SAFIKA SAFIKA; ZINATUL HAYATI; WINDA YULIA; DARMAWI DARMAWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270708

Abstract

Abstract. Rastina, Safika, Hayati Z, Yulia W, Darmawi. 2026. Temporal dynamics and molecular characterization of acetic acid bacteria during palm vinegar (Arenga pinnata) fermentation. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270708. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270708. Palm vinegar is a traditional fermented product whose quality depends on the ecological succession and metabolic activity of Acetic Acid Bacteria (AAB). This study evaluated the temporal dynamics of AAB populations and titratable acidity during spontaneous fermentation of Arenga pinnata palm sap from Aceh Besar, Indonesia, and identified a dominant isolate using phenotypic and molecular approaches. Fermentation samples were analyzed on days 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 using culture-based enumeration, titratable acidity measurement, phenotypic characterization, PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene, sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. AAB counts increased from 6.08 ± 0.04 log CFU/mL on day 3 to a maximum of 8.94 ± 0.03 log CFU/mL on day 12, followed by a slight decline on day 15. Titratable acidity showed a similar temporal pattern, increasing from 1.33 ± 0.40% on day 3 to a maximum value on day 12 before decreasing on day 15. One-way ANOVA indicated that fermentation time significantly influenced both AAB counts and titratable acidity (P < 0.05). The selected isolate, B2, showed phenotypic characteristics consistent with AAB, including Gram-negative staining, catalase activity, and halo formation on calcium carbonate-containing medium. Sequence-based identification placed isolate B2 within the Acetobacter group with 99.85% sequence identity. These findings suggest that day 12 represents a critical stage of active acetification under the conditions examined. The study provides preliminary culture-based and molecular information on AAB dynamics in traditional palm vinegar fermentation, while highlighting the need for broader community-level analysis and replicate sampling to better characterize microbial biodiversity.
Incidence, alternative hosts, and molecular diversity of rice tungro viruses in Bali, Indonesia LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA; TRISNA AGUNG PHABIOLA; I MADE SUDARMA; I WAYAN SUANDA; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA; WAFA’ NUR HANIFAH; RESTIANA MAULINDA; NI NYOMAN SISTA JAYASANTI; HERU ANGGARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270723

Abstract

Abstract. Listihani L, Wirya GNAS, Phabiola TA, Sudarma IM, Suanda IW, Selangga DGW, Temaja IGRM, Hanifah WN, Maulinda R, Jayasanti NNS, Anggara H. 2026. Incidence, alternative hosts, and molecular diversity of rice tungro viruses in Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270723. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270723. Tungro disease is a significant threat to rice cultivation in Indonesia. The investigation of the presence of tungro viruses has never been reported in 9 districts and cities in Bali Province, Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and severity of tungro disease, vector population density, the presence of weeds as alternative hosts, and the molecular character of Bali isolates. Research methods included sampling, observing the incidence and severity, analyzing population density of green leafhoppers, detecting RTBV and RTSV, DNA cloning, and sequencing analysis. The incidence and severity of tungro disease in Bali ranged from 80% to 100% and 28.49% to 64.73%, respectively. Population densities of Nephotettix virescens and N. nigropictus ranged from 5 to 20 and from 0 to 4 individuals per 10 double swings at each location. Eight weed species (Echinochloa crus-pavonis, Fimbristylis miliacea, Cyperus iria, Pontederia vaginalis, Ludwigia adscendens, L. octovalvis, Sphenoclea zeylanica, and Digitaria sanguinalis) were positive for tungro virus infection. The highest homology of RTBV and RTSV Bali isolates with Lombok isolates ranged from 98.0% to 98.7% and from 97.5% to 98.1%. RTBV and RTSV have disseminated across Bali. Based on coat-protein gene analysis derived from a small selection of clones, it indicates that these Bali isolates exhibit minimal genetic variation compared to other isolates from Indonesia.
Protein banding pattern and RAPD marker analysis of local Lampung cassava (Manihot esculenta) under PEG-induced drought stress ENDANG NURCAHYANI; HARDOKO INSAN QUDUS; AMIRAH AFIFAH MELTA; NUR AISYAH AMINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270715

Abstract

Abstract. Nurcahyani E, Qudus HI, Melta AA, Amini NA. 2026. Protein banding pattern and RAPD marker analysis of local Lampung cassava (Manihot esculenta) under PEG-induced drought stress. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270715. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270715. Drought stress is one of the major environmental constraints limiting cassava (Manihot esculenta) productivity in Indonesia. Under controlled greenhouse conditions, Poly-Ethylene Glycol (PEG 6000) is widely used to simulate water-deficit stress by reducing water availability without causing direct toxicity to plant tissues. This study evaluated the physiological and molecular responses of local Lampung cassava to different levels of PEG-induced drought stress by integrating physiological measurements with protein banding patterns and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analyses. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with five PEG 6000 concentrations (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%). Physiological responses were assessed through total soluble carbohydrate, chlorophyll, and reducing sugar contents, whereas molecular responses were evaluated using SDS-PAGE protein banding pattern analysis and RAPD markers. Increasing PEG concentration significantly increased total soluble carbohydrate and reducing sugar contents, but reduced chlorophyll content. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed the appearance of a distinct protein band at approximately 34 kDa with 40% PEG treatment, accompanied by increased intensity of a ~50 kDa protein band at higher PEG concentrations. RAPD amplification using primer OPB-20 consistently detected a distinct DNA fragment of approximately 1,100 bp in PEG-treated plants but not in the control. These coordinated physiological and molecular responses indicate that PEG-induced drought stress triggers stress-associated biochemical and genomic changes in cassava. The identified protein and RAPD banding patterns represent preliminary candidate molecular indicators of drought responsiveness and provide a useful basis for future validation and early screening of drought-tolerant cassava genotypes.
Primates in reclaimed mining landscapes of South Kalimantan, Indonesia DEDE AULIA RAHMAN; IKSAN GUSTIAWAN; MEKKA RIADHAH; RIZA NOVIAN; RANDY SAPUTRA; YUNESTO YUNESTO; JOSHUA GILBERT; HANIFULLAH HABIBIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270724

Abstract

Abstract. Rahman DA, Gustiawan I, Riadhah M, Novian R, Saputra R, Yunesto, Gilbert J, Habibie H. 2026. Primates in reclaimed mining landscapes of South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270724. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270724. Post-mining landscapes can provide secondary habitats for wildlife when ecological restoration is properly implemented. In South Kalimantan, reclamation areas within the mining concession of Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Adaro Energy Indonesia Tbk have developed into habitats utilized by several primate species, including the protected proboscis monkey and silvered langur. This study aimed to estimate the number of individuals and population density of proboscis monkeys and silvered langurs, as well as to identify strategic areas with potential for artificial canopy bridge development in the post-mining landscape of PT Adaro Indonesia. Field surveys were conducted using line transect and repeated concentration count methods during morning and afternoon observation periods across reclaimed and riparian habitats. Silvered langur abundance was estimated using distance sampling analysis, while proboscis monkey abundance was estimated through repeated concentration counts. The results recorded 10 groups of silvered langurs with an estimated abundance of 88.76 individuals and a population density of 58.16 individuals/km² distributed across five locations. Proboscis monkeys were detected primarily in riparian habitats within the Catchment of Nungkaran River area, totaling 28 individuals. The observed distribution patterns were consistent with the ecological characteristics of both species, with proboscis monkeys concentrated in riverine areas, while silvered langurs utilized a broader range of reclaimed vegetation habitats. Several strategic locations with potential for artificial canopy bridge development were also identified to improve canopy connectivity within fragmented reclaimed landscapes. These findings indicate that reclaimed vegetation and riparian corridors are utilized by protected primates in post-mining ecosystems and highlight the importance of maintaining vegetation structure and habitat connectivity in post-mining landscape management.
Biodiversity and community structure of mangrove gastropods across Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia MUHAMMAD ARIF ASADI; ANNAS TASYA WIDODO; ALIFYA NADHIRA JASMINE; DIAN ALIVIYANTI; MULIAWATI HANDAYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270713

Abstract

Abstract. Asadi MA, Widodo AT, Jasmine AN, Aliviyanti D, Handayani M. 2026. Biodiversity and community structure of mangrove gastropods across Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270713. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270713. Mangrove ecosystems sustain varied benthic communities that are crucial for nutrient cycling and ecosystem functionality. This research investigates the spatial distribution, abundance, and community structure of gastropods within the mangrove ecosystem of Karimunjawa National Park, Indonesia. At each of ten stations, three 10×10 m mangrove plots were established for mangrove density assessment, and within each plot, three 1×1 m subplots were used to sample gastropods during low tide in January 2025 (rainy season). A total of 1,146 individuals representing 7 families and 16 species were recorded. The highest densities were for the sulcate swamp whelk (Terebralia sulcata, 8.55 inds/m²) and the girdled horn snail (Cerithidea cingulata, 7.88 inds/m²) from the family Potamididae. The differences in Shannon-Wiener Diversity (H′: 0.82-1.70) and Pielou’s Evenness (J′: 0.68-0.91) among stations indicate spatial heterogeneity among stations, potentially linked to differing habitat conditions. Linear regression analysis showed a strong positive relationship between gastropod abundance and sediment organic matter (R²: 0.49, p<0.0001), while mangrove tree density had no significant effect (p: 0.52). Sediment organic matter was significantly associated with gastropod abundance, indicating that sites with higher organic matter tended to support greater gastropod abundance. This relationship suggests that sediment quality is an important driver of gastropod abundance, although additional environmental factors likely contribute to the remaining variation among sites. Therefore, this study provides baseline information for future monitoring of gastropod communities and contributes to understanding spatial patterns of mangrove gastropod communities in Karimunjawa National Park.
Medicinal plants for postpartum care among the Acehnese, Indonesia ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR; SAUDAH SAUDAH; ESSY HARNELLY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270705

Abstract

Abstract. Zumaidar, Saudah, Harnelly E. 2026. Medicinal plants for postpartum care among the Acehnese, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270705. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270705. Traditional plant-based postpartum therapies remain widely practiced in Aceh Province, Indonesia, but comprehensive quantitative documentation of the medicinal plants involved and their regional variation is still limited. This study aimed to analyze the diversity, distribution, and cultural salience of medicinal plants used in postpartum care among the Acehnese Ethnic Group. Ethnobotanical data were collected through semi-structured interviews, participatory observation, and field surveys involving 1,306 informants across one city and five districts: Banda Aceh, Pidie Jaya, Pidie, Bireuen, Aceh Jaya, and Aceh Besar. Data were analyzed using descriptive ethnobotanical statistics, Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), and heatmap-based spatial analysis. A total of 73 species representing 38 families were documented. Zingiberaceae was the most represented family. RFC analysis identified Curcuma longa, Carica papaya, Lawsonia inermis, Nigella sativa, and Zingiber officinale as the most culturally prominent taxa. Heatmap analysis revealed pronounced spatial heterogeneity, with Aceh Besar and Bireuen exhibiting the highest species richness. Leaves constituted the most frequently utilized plant part, while grinding and pounding were the predominant preparation methods. Oral administration was the principal mode of use. Seven major postpartum treatments were documented. These findings demonstrate the continued importance of plant-based therapies in maternal healthcare and provide a valuable baseline for biodiversity conservation and biocultural research.
Fish-dominated nekton assemblage structure and spatial-temporal variation in the intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia ANDI MUHAMMAD REZA; MUSBIR MUSBIR; NAJAMUDDIN NAJAMUDDIN; FIJWAL PATANGNGARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270716

Abstract

Abstract. Reza AM, Musbir, Najamuddin, Patangngari F. 2026. Fish-dominated nekton assemblage structure and spatial-temporal variation in the intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270716. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270716. The intertidal zone of Bone Bay, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is characterized by fish-dominated nekton assemblages and traditional sero fisheries. However, there is a paucity of quantitative data on variation in gear-standardized assemblages. This study investigated the composition, diversity, and spatial-temporal structure of nekton assemblages captured using stationary sero traps at six intertidal stations from July to November 2025. A total of 7,448 individuals, representing 49 taxon records, were analyzed. Due to variations in leader-net/penaju length among stations, taxon abundance was standardized as catch per unit effort (CPUE; individuals m-1 trip-1) prior to multivariate analysis. The CPUE-based community matrix underwent square-root transformation and was analyzed using Bray-Curtis dissimilarity, NMDS, PERMANOVA, ANOSIM, PERMDISP, pairwise PERMANOVA, and SIMPER. NMDS yielded a low stress value of 0.132. PERMANOVA revealed significant effects of station and month, with station accounting for 44.47% of assemblage variation (F: 15.484, p<0.001) and month accounting for 26.82% (F: 11.673, p<0.001). Station-level PERMDISP was not significant, whereas monthly dispersion was significant, suggesting that temporal effects should be interpreted with caution. SIMPER analysis indicated that the most pronounced station contrasts were driven by both fishes and mobile crustaceans. Oceanographic variables were analyzed separately and served as environmental context rather than direct causal habitat drivers. These findings demonstrate significant station-level assemblage differentiation in gear-standardized intertidal sero catches, with additional short-term monthly variation.
Length-weight relationship, size structure, and conservation implications of endangered humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) in the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia YEHIEL H. DASMASELA; DIETRIECH G. BENGEN; I WAYAN NURJAYA; FRENSLY D. HUKOM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 7 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270714

Abstract

Abstract. Dasmasela YH, Bengen DG, Nurjaya IW, Hukom FD. 2026. Length-weight relationship, size structure, and conservation implications of endangered humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) in the Banggai Archipelago, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (7): d270714. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270714. The humphead wrasse (Cheilinus undulatus) is an endangered coral reef fish that has experienced substantial population declines associated with overexploitation in the live reef fish trade. This study integrates analyses of the length-weight relationship (LWR), size structure, condition factor, and morphology-based sex-phase classification to provide baseline biological information for conservation planning and fisheries management. Sampling was conducted from June to September 2022 using a fishery-dependent approach linked to local live reef fish trade networks. A total of 163 specimens were measured for total length and body weight, ranging from 150 to 590 mm and 100 to 3,500 g, respectively, with most specimens concentrated within the 249.5-449.5 mm size classes. The LWR followed the equation W: 0.00490L3.33, indicating positive allometric growth (b: 3.33) with a strong model fit (R2: 0.878). Approximately 98% of the sampled fish belonged to small-to-medium-sized juvenile and female-phase categories, whereas no morphologically identifiable adult males were recorded. This size structure indicates demographic truncation, with potential implications for reproductive resilience under continued exploitation pressure. Sex-phase classification was inferred from external morphology without gonadal validation. The mean condition factor (K: 1.56) indicated generally good physiological condition. Nevertheless, the sampled population was dominated by smaller individuals, whereas large-bodied fish and adult males were poorly represented. This contrast highlights that individual physiological conditions and demographic structures may reflect different aspects of population status rather than the same underlying process. Large individuals were uncommon in the sampled population, a pattern consistent with observations from other exploited populations of this protogynous species. These findings provide baseline biological information to support integrated management approaches combining size-based regulation, habitat protection, and long-term population monitoring for the conservation of C. undulatus from the Banggai Archipelago.

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