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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 22 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 27 no. 8 (2026)" : 22 Documents clear
Homegarden agroforestry for food, energy, and medicinal resources in the buffer zones of Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park, Lampung, Indonesia ARIEF DARMAWAN; TRIO SANTOSO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270802

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawan A, Santoso T. 2026. Homegarden agroforestry for food, energy, and medicinal resources in the buffer zones of Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park, Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270802. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270802. Homegarden agroforestry systems are an important resource for local communities. This is particularly for those living in protected forest buffer zones, where human activities can put pressure on protected forests. This study aimed to examine plant diversity in homegarden agroforestry systems and their utilization by farmers’ households around the Wan Abdul Rachman Forest Park (Tahura WAR) in Lampung Province, Indonesia. This study employed a quantitative-descriptive approach to collect data on plant diversity and utilization through interviews and field visits to 30 purposively selected farming households in Talang Mulya Village, Teluk Pandan Sub-district, Pesawaran District. Homegardens’ plant species diversity was evaluated using the Shannon-Wiener index (H'), Margalef index (DMg), and Pielou index (E). Plant utilization was categorized as a source of food, energy, and medicinal resources for households. A total of 81 species belonging to 43 families were recorded. The plant community exhibited high diversity (H' = 3.32) and high species richness (DMg = 12.97). Species evenness (E) was recorded at 0.76, indicating a relatively balanced distribution. Functional classification showed that food-producing plants comprised 65.43% of total species, followed by medicinal (24.69%), fuelwood (17.28%), and ornamental species (44.44%). These homegardens are an important strategy for household resilience, supporting the availability of food, energy, and supplementary traditional medicinal resources, and emphasizing home gardens as sustainable land-use systems that provide essential ecosystem services.
Organ-specific microplastic accumulation and particle-size distribution in fishes from Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia RIZKI SANDHI TITISARI; RASYIDAH FAUZIA AHMAR; HERNANDA AFRA HANIYYAH; NADA AHMAD RAYHAN; LAILY ISROFIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270801

Abstract

Abstract. Titisari RS, Ahmar RF, Haniyyah HA, Rayhan NA, Isrofiani L. 2026. Organ-specific microplastic accumulation and particle-size distribution in fishes from Jepara, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270801. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270801. Microplastic contamination is increasingly reported in coastal environments, yet organ-specific burdens and particle characteristics in fishes from Indonesian nearshore systems remain limited. This study quantified organ-specific, including gills, stomach, intestine, liver and kidney microplastic accumulation and particle-size distributions in fishes from Jepara District, Central Java, Indonesia, comparing an aquaculture-associated site (Teluk Awur) with a comparative coastal site (Bandengan) during June-July 2025 (Teluk Awur, n: 9; Bandengan, n: 13). Fish were dissected immediately after capture, and suspected microplastics were assessed in gills, stomach, intestine, liver, and kidney following H₂O₂ digestion, ZnCl₂ density separation, vacuum filtration, and stereomicroscope observation. Particles were morphologically classified and measured using FIJI. Differences among organs were assessed using the Friedman test, and between-site comparisons used the Mann-Whitney U test. Suspected microplastics were detected in all examined organs across all sampled fishes (100% prevalence). Organ burdens indicated gastrointestinal dominance at Teluk Awur, whereas pooled wild-caught taxa showed more variable organ profiles, reflecting species assemblage rather than a single biological response pattern, including elevated internal-organ loads in several taxa. Morphologically, fragments dominated at both sites, while Teluk Awur showed relatively higher contributions of flakes and fibers and Bandengan showed higher contributions of microbeads, pigments, and films. Overall, these results constitute a descriptive, organ-resolved baseline snapshot of sMPs burdens in Jepara fishes during June-July 2025, providing a reference framework for future biomonitoring and seafood-safety assessments at these sites.
Genetic parameters and seasonal response of pod and yield traits in ten Indonesian winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) lines RETNO DWI ANDAYANI; IZMI YULIANAH; DARMAWAN SAPTADI; KUSWANTO KUSWANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270811

Abstract

Abstract. Andayani RD, Yulianah I, Saptadi D, Kuswanto. 2026. Genetic parameters and seasonal response of pod and yield traits in ten Indonesian winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) lines. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270811. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270811. Winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus) is an underutilized tropical legume with wide phenotypic diversity in Indonesia, but information on genetic parameters and seasonal responses remains limited. This study aimed to evaluate phenotypic variation, estimate genetic parameters, assess line × season interaction, and identify promising Indonesian winged bean lines for pod and seed yield across two planting seasons. Ten lines were evaluated during the dry (May-October 2023) and wet seasons (November 2023-April 2024) at Kediri, East Java, Indonesia, using a randomized complete block design with three replications per season. Phenology, pod, and yield traits were analyzed using combined ANOVA, and genetic parameters were estimated across seasons. Season, genotype, and their interaction significantly influenced several key traits, indicating differential responses to environmental conditions. The dry season generally enhanced productivity, producing longer pods, heavier fresh pods, and higher pod and seed yields than the wet season. Fresh pod yield increased from 2.36 to 3.76 kg per plant, while fresh pod weight increased from 33.42 to 42.16 g per pod. High broad-sense heritability for pod length (0.94), fresh pod weight (0.95), fresh pod yield (0.86), and seed yield (0.94) indicated strong genetic control and good selection potential. Path analysis identified fresh pod weight, pod length, and pod number as major determinants of yield. Principal component and cluster analyses further distinguished superior genotypes based on productivity and trait characteristics. NSM2 showed the highest fresh pod yield (4.57 kg per plant) and seed yield (488.01 g per plant), with stable performance across seasons. These findings demonstrate substantial seasonal effects on winged bean productivity and identify NSM2 as a promising candidate for breeding high-yielding, environmentally resilient cultivars.
Characterization and detached-leaf pathogenicity of representative pestalotioid fungal isolates from symptomatic rubber leaves in selected areas of Sumatra, Indonesia FARRIZA DIYASTI; WEN DEE ONG; TSABITAH SITI RAHMA; ACHMAD EKA SATRIA; TRI RAPANI FEBBIYANTI; STEPHANY ANGELIA TUMEWU; FITRINE EKAWASTI; MINAMI MATSUI; NEO ENDRA LELANA; WELLYZAR SJAMSURIDZAL; RETNO LESTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270809

Abstract

Abstract. Diyasti F, Ong WD, Satria AE, Febbiyanti TR, Tumewu SA, Ekawasti F, Matsui M, Lelana NE, Sjamsuridzal W, Lestari R. 2026. Characterization and detached-leaf pathogenicity of representative pestalotioid fungal isolates from symptomatic rubber leaves in selected areas of Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270809. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270809. Pestalotioid fungi have emerged as important pathogens associated with rubber leaf fall disease in Indonesia. This study characterized the morphological traits, molecular identity, and pathogenicity of five representative pestalotioid fungal isolates, each selected from a different sampling location across four major rubber-producing provinces in Sumatra (Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, and Bangka Belitung). Five representative isolates (P_R.SS1, P_R.JM, P_R.BB, P_R.SS2, and P_R.RA) were selected for detailed morphological, molecular, and pathogenicity analyses. Morphological observations revealed variation in colony color, growth rate, and conidial dimensions. Molecular identification based on Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) rDNA sequences assigned the isolates to the genera Neopestalotiopsis and Pseudopestalotiopsis. Pathogenicity testing using a detached-leaf assay on Hevea brasiliensis clone PB260 revealed significant differences in lesion development among the five representative isolates at 7 days post-inoculation. Isolate P_R.RA from Riau produced the largest necrotic lesion area (0.802±0.332 cm²) despite exhibiting the slowest in vitro colony growth rate (35.807±1.56 cm²), whereas isolates P_R.SS1, P_R.JM, and P_R.BB produced lesion areas below 0.06 cm². These results indicate differences in pathogenicity among the representative isolates examined in this study. These findings provide preliminary baseline information for future multilocus identification and broader investigations of pestalotioid fungi associated with rubber leaf fall disease.
Turnover-dominated beta diversity among three Vietnamese natural broadleaf evergreen forest regions NGUYEN TOAN THANG; NGUYEN TRONG MINH; TRINH NGOC BON; DAO TRUNG DUC; LUONG THE DUNG; DOAN THUY DUONG; VU TIEN LAM; TRUONG TRONG KHOI; TRAN HOANG QUY; NGUYEN VAN TUAN; PHAM TIEN DUNG; NGUYEN HUY HOANG; NGUYEN TRONG TAI; PHUNG VAN TINH; TRAN VAN DO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270807

Abstract

Abstract. Thang NT, Minh NT, Bon TN, Duc DT, Dung LT, Duong DT, Lam VT, Khoi TT, Quy TH, Tuan NV, Dung PT, Hoang NH, Tai NT, Tinh PV, Do TV. 2026. Turnover-dominated beta diversity among three Vietnamese natural broadleaf evergreen forest regions. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270807. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270807. Beta diversity, the variation in species composition among communities, is a fundamental axis of tropical biodiversity that determines how effectively a network of forest patches conserves regional species richness. Yet quantitative, multivariate assessments of beta diversity remain sparse for the forests of mainland Southeast Asia, and the contributions of turnover versus nestedness to inter-regional compositional differences are essentially unknown for Vietnam. We addressed these gaps using an extensive dataset of 8,474 trees belonging to 457 species from 75 families, enumerated across 59 permanent sample plots distributed among three regions of Vietnam: the Northeast (NE: 18 plots), the North Central coast (NC: 16 plots), and the Central Highlands (CH: 25 plots). Pairwise Sørensen dissimilarity ranged from 0.47 (NC-CH) to 0.54 (NE-NC, NE-CH). Turnover dominated beta diversity in all regional pairs (71-99% of total βsor). Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) on Bray-Curtis dissimilarity computed from plot-by-species abundance matrices confirmed highly significant compositional differences among all three regions (pseudo-F: 3.88, R²: 0.122, p: 0.0001) and between all pairwise combinations (all raw p≤0.0003, below the Bonferroni threshold of α: 0.0167). Principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) explained 15.6% of compositional variance on the first two axes, with regional centroids separated. The three regions share just 76 ubiquitous species (16.6% of total richness), whereas 63, 49, and 135 species are exclusive to NE, NC, and CH, respectively. These patterns are consistent with three floristically distinct regional assemblages shaped by the Truong Son (Annamite) range and a latitudinal gradient from subtropical to tropical climate. Conservation of Vietnam's sampled forest flora requires representation across all three regions; a Northeast-only or North Central-only strategy would omit approximately 54% of pooled sampled richness, while a Central Highlands-only strategy would omit approximately 29%.
Catch composition and diversity of small-scale fisheries around mangrove ecosystems in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia IZZA MAHDIANA APRILIANI; TOSHIMORI TAKAHASHI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270803

Abstract

Abstract. Apriliani IM, Takahashi T. 2026. Catch composition and diversity of small-scale fisheries around mangrove ecosystems in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270803. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270803. Pangandaran District is an area in southern West Java that has a mangrove ecosystem and serves as a fishing ground. However, there is currently no baseline data on catch yields from small-scale fisheries in and around mangrove ecosystems. This study aims to analyze the composition, diversity and commodity status of fishermen's catches in the Pangandaran mangrove ecosystem. The mangrove ecosystems in this region are located at four sites: Babakan, Bojongsalawe, Batukaras, and Nusawiru. The research was conducted from September 2025 to January 2026 by collecting data on catches from fishermen using cast nets, traps, and handlines, with sampling conducted once every two weeks around the mangrove ecosystem. A total of 27 catch taxa from 20 families and 954 individuals were recorded, consisting of fish, shrimp, and crabs. Among the recorded taxa, 13 species were categorized as the main catch with high economic value. The diversity index (H') ranged from 2.288 to 2.742, the evenness index (E) from 0.740 to 0.842, the dominance index (C) from 0.049 to 0.122, and the species richness index (d) from 3.363 to 4.466, indicating that the catch community is in the moderate diversity category with low dominance. Descriptive Bray-Curtis similarity analysis indicated differences in catch composition among the four locations, with Batukaras and Nusawiru showing higher similarity compared to Babakan and Bojongsalawe. These differences may reflect qualitative differences in habitat condition and fishing-ground characteristics. This study provides a descriptive baseline inventory of catch composition and diversity at the Pangandaran mangrove ecosystem to support monitoring and management of small-scale fisheries.
Preliminary COI analysis reveals a divergent Carcinoscorpius lineage in North Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo MOHAMMAD FADNAN AKHMADI; SUTRISNO ANGGORO; AGUS SABDONO; ANINDITIA SABDANINGSIH; DIAH AYUNINGRUM; ASBAR LAGA; ENCIK WELIYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270805

Abstract

Abstract. Akhmadi MF, Anggoro S, Sabdono A, Sabdaningsih A, Ayuningrum D, Laga A, Weliyadi E. 2026. Preliminary COI-based identification of selected horseshoe crab vouchers indicates a divergent Carcinoscorpius mitochondrial lineage in North Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270805. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270805. Molecular records of Asian horseshoe crabs from North Kalimantan are limited, constraining assessments of taxonomic affinity and mitochondrial variation in Indonesian Borneo. This study examined four morphologically selected voucher specimens from Karis and Mangkudulis islands using mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences. The trimmed sequences (653-661 bp) were quality-checked against a common 649-bp homologous region. Phylogenetic and K2P analyses used a 20-sequence, 624-bp alignment, while ASAP and haplotype analyses used the corresponding 19-sequence ingroup matrix. KU1PMTG1 showed 99.85% BLASTn identity to Tachypleus gigas, whereas KU1PKTT4 showed 99.24% identity to T. tridentatus; both assignments were supported by BOLD, low K2P distances, and consistent phylogenetic placement. In contrast, KU1PKCR2 and KU2PKCR3 shared an identical COI haplotype but showed only 91.99% and 91.78% identity to their closest Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda matches. Their K2P divergence from selected C. rotundicauda references ranged from 8.60% to 9.51%, exceeding the 0-1.29% variation within the reference group. The two North Kalimantan sequences formed a strongly supported phylogenetic subclade, a distinct ASAP operational subset, and a haplotype separated by 50 mutational steps from the nearest selected C. rotundicauda haplotype. These concordant patterns indicate a deeply differentiated Carcinoscorpius-affiliated mitochondrial lineage, suggesting potential cryptic diversity or an unsampled regional lineage. However, because this inference is based on two unresolved specimens, one mitochondrial marker, and forward-direction sequencing, they are conservatively retained as putative Carcinoscorpius sp. Broader Borneo sampling, bidirectional sequencing, nuclear markers, and diagnostic morphological comparisons are required to clarify their taxonomic status.
Integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode characterization of Pleiospermium littorale, an IUCN Endangered species from Vietnam THUY THI PHUONG NGUYEN; DUNG PHUONG NGUYEN; TRIET THANH NGUYEN; TUOI THI HONG DO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270804

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen TTP, Nguyen DP, Nguyen TT, Do TTH. 2026. Integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode characterization of Pleiospermium littorale, an IUCN Endangered species from Vietnam. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270804. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270804. Pleiospermium littorale (synonym Limnocitrus littoralis), Rutaceae) is an IUCN-listed endangered species from Vietnam with limited scientific documentation, particularly regarding its anatomical characteristics and molecular data. This study aimed to provide integrated pharmacognostic and DNA barcode data to support species identification and future quality-control studies. Macromorphological characteristics were documented, while micromorphology, anatomy, epidermal features, stomatal index, and powder microscopy were examined using light microscopy. DNA barcoding was performed using three loci (ITS, matK, and rbcL), and physicochemical parameters were determined using standard pharmacopoeial methods. The species exhibited distinctive pharmacognostic characteristics, including amphistomatic leaves with anomocytic stomata, secretory cavities, abundant prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, sclerenchymatous tissues, and diagnostic powder microscopic features useful for organ identification. The stomatal index was significantly higher on the abaxial leaf surface (10.19±0.70%) than on the adaxial leaf surface (6.29±0.99%). DNA barcoding successfully generated ITS (686 bp), matK (639 bp), and rbcL (528 bp) sequences, providing initial molecular reference data for this endangered species. The combined dataset also facilitates comparison with related Rutaceae taxa and strengthens the taxonomic basis for conservation, authentication, and future pharmacognostic evaluation. These findings present the first integrated morpho-anatomical, pharmacognostic, and multi-locus DNA barcode dataset for P. littorale, providing preliminary baseline data to support its accurate identification and quality standard development.
Analysis of forest and land fire vulnerability in the Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark of North Sumatra, Indonesia ACHMAD SIDDIK THOHA; DWI ENDAH WIDYASTUTI; SURI FADHILLA; MARIA ICHA HUTAHAEAN; SHAHNAZ DWI PASHA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270815

Abstract

Abstract. Thoha AS, Widyastuti DE, Fadhilla S, Hutahaean MI, Pasha SD. 2026. Analysis of forest and land fire vulnerability in the Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270815. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270815. Forest and land fires in North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, are threatening a global tourist destination: the Toba Caldera UNESCO Global Geopark (Toba Caldera UGGp). The objective of this study is to analyze the spatial distribution of forest and land fire vulnerability in the Toba Caldera UGGp, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Spatial analysis was conducted using the Composite Mapping Analysis (CMA) method. Hotspots recorded during 2015-2024 were integrated with 2023 land-cover, population density, road, river, and village-center data. Factor-class scores were calculated from observed and expected hotspot frequencies, rescaled, and weighted using stepwise linear regression. Model agreement was assessed using 66 purposively selected field-survey points. Four variables were retained in the final model: distance from rivers, land cover, distance from roads, and distance from village centers, with weights of 36.7%, 24.5%, 19.5%, and 19.3%, respectively. High- and very-high-vulnerability zones covered 79,316.50 ha and 56,905.52 ha, respectively, representing 51.04% of the geopark. Samosir District contained the largest concentrations of very-high-vulnerability areas, particularly in Sianjur Mula Mula and Harian Sub-districts. The three-class map achieved 92.42% overall accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.751, whereas the five-class map achieved 93.94% overall accuracy with a kappa coefficient of 0.905. However, these values should be interpreted cautiously because validation points were purposively selected and unevenly distributed among classes. The resulting maps can support targeted patrols, community-based fire prevention, restoration, and geosite protection, particularly near rivers, settlements, shrublands, and dryland agriculture. Independent spatial or temporal validation is recommended before operational adoption.
Endophytic bacteria diversity in leaf, stem, and root of the endemic Sumatran mango (Mangifera sumatrana) as a case study MUTHIA MIRANDA ZAUNIT; FUJI ASTUTI FEBRIA; SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI; AKMAL DJAMAAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 8 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270816

Abstract

Abstract. Zaunit MM, Febria FA, Syamsuardi, Djamaan A. 2026. Endophytic bacteria diversity in leaf, stem, and root of the endemic Sumatran mango (Mangifera sumatrana) as a case study. Biodiversitas 27 (8): d270816. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270816. Investigating endophytic bacterial diversity in the endemic Sumatran mango (Mangifera sumatrana) is challenging because of its endemicity and the plant's high phenolic and flavonoid content. This study aimed to analyze the composition of endophytic bacteria in the leaf, stem, and root of the endemic Sumatran mango and provide baseline information on their diversity and distribution across different plant organs. We conducted the analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The alpha diversity of endophytic bacteria in the leaf, stem, and root of the endemic Sumatran mango was evaluated using several diversity indices, namely Observed (22, 34, and 6), Chao1 (22.4, 35.5, and 6), Shannon (2.61, 3.12, and 1.71), and Simpson (0.86, 0.92, and 0.81), indicating that stem tissues exhibited the highest diversity of endophytic bacteria compared to leaf and root. Bacillota and Pseudomonadota were the dominant bacterial phyla in all three plant organs. The dominant taxa were Lactobacillus acetotolerans, Pseudoalteromonas spongiae, and Ruminobacter sp. RM87. A total of 7.69% of species were found in all organs, 23.00% were shared between leaf and stem, 7.69% between leaf and root, and 0% between stem and root. These findings highlight distinct patterns of endophytic bacterial communities among the examined tissues. This study is based on a composite sample per organ and is interpreted as a preliminary investigation of bacterial diversity in endemic Sumatran mango.

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