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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 19 Documents
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Search results for , issue "vol. 9 no. 1 (2017)" : 19 Documents clear
Seed germination and seedling morphology of Artabotrys hexapetalus TRI HANDAYANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090105

Abstract

Handayani T. 2017. Seed germination and seedling morphology of Artabotrys hexapetalus. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 23-30. Artabotrys hexapetalus (L.f.) Bhandari (kenanga tanduk) is a fragrant, shrubby climber belonging to the Annonaceae family. In Indonesia, it is known as “kenanga tanduk”. It is a commercial ornamental plant due to its beautiful, aromatic flowers. This plant is also used in the perfume industry and in traditional medicine. It can be naturally propagated from seeds. However, it takes a long time to germinate. The research reported here aimed to determine the seed germination process, early seedling development, and seedling morphology of A. hexapetalus seeds planted under controlled conditions in Bogor Botanic Gardens. Ninety seeds were planted in a sand medium. The timing of germination, its characteristic pattern and the morphology of young emerged seedlings were observed and recorded. The seed characters were observed by using a microscope and camera. The results confirmed that A. hexapetalus seeds take a long time to germinate. Different periods of fruit maturation, small immature embryos, hard seed coat and hard endosperm texture are some of the factors that cause its seed to take a long time to germinate. The hard seed is due to the presence of exotesta, mesotesta and endotesta layers in the seed coat, as well as to the ruminate endosperm shaped like a wide plate and hard like glass (glass-like endosperm). The earliest seed germination occurred 159 days after sowing. The duration of seed germination from planting to last germinated seed took as long as 238 days. However, final seed viability reached 80%, with the speed of germination from sowing until the time of germination on a given day ranging from 0.01 to 0.08% per day. The type of seedling emergence is Phanerocotylar-Epigeal- Foliaceous (PEF). The seed germination process of A. hexapetalus from radicle appearance until the first open leaf can be divided into six stages; i.e. radicle growing phase, radicle and hypocotyl growing phase, hypocotyl emergent phase, cotyledon emergent phase, cotyledon opening phase and the first leaf opening phase. The pair of cotyledons look like true mature leaves and are firmly attached, not shedding easily.
Accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under an elevated temperature and its ambient concentrations SUNARDI SUNARDI; ANNISA JOVIANI ASTARI; TRI DEWI KUSUMA PRIBADI; KEUKEU KANIAWATI ROSADA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090104

Abstract

Sunardi, Astari AJ, Pribadi TDK, Rosada KK. 2017. Accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) under an elevated temperature and its ambient concentrations. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 18-22. The problems of heavy metal pollution combined with the issue of climate warming has attracted a growing international concern, particularly to those exert very toxic effects to organisms and human, e.g. mercury. There have been evidences for temperature effect on metal uptake, accumulation and toxicity; but only few of those on metal elimination. An experimental work was set up to investigate the effect of higher water temperature and ambient concentration on both accumulation and elimination of mercury in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using 50-L aquarium, fish were exposed to room and 32oC temperature combined with 10 and 20 μg/kg Hg concentration. Test fish were treated for 28 days for accumulation phase, and then transferred to Hg-free water for 7 days for elimination. Data of the Hg accumulation and elimination from the flesh, liver and kidney were analyzed using one-way Anova. The results indicated that higher water temperature and ambient mercury have increased accumulation in the liver and the kidney, but not in the flesh. Higher rate of Hg elimination occurred in higher water temperature resulting Hg deposits did not differ among treatments. However, the Hg deposits remained higher compared to those in the original state representing a potential risk to either fish or human. The kidney and the liver of Nile Tilapia seemed to be the preferable depository organs for mercury.
Short Communication: CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of four demersal fishes in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf, Iran FAROKHZAD ZEINALI; EHSAN KAMRANI; MEHRAN PARSA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090103

Abstract

Zeinali F, Kamrani E, Parsa M. 2017. Short Communication: CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of four demersal fishes in coastal waters of the northern Persian Gulf, Iran. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 12-17. CPUE, CPUA and distribution patterns of Pampus argenteus, Otolithes ruber, Nemipterus japonicas and Saurida tumbil along the coastal waters of Hormozgan province were investigated. The mean CPUE values for P. argenteus in 0-10 m and 10-20 m depth layers was significantly different (P<0.05). The highest and lowest mean CPUE of S. tumbil were observed in 20-30 m and 0-10 m depth layers, respectively. The highest mean CPUA for P. argenteus was found in 0-10 m depth layer, with a descending trend with increasing the depth. The highest CPUA of O. ruber was observed in 10-20 m depth layer, but the mean CPUA values was not significant among depth layers (P>0.05). The mean CPUA for N. japonicas was relatively high in 30-40 m depth layer and markedly lower in 0-10 m depth layer as the shallowest depth layer. The highest and lowest mean CPUA of S. tumbil were observed in 20-30 m depth layer and 0-10 m depth layer, respectively.
Technological innovation in the protection of beta carotene on MOCAF production which is rich in beta carotene HARTATI HARTATI; AHMAD FATHONI; SITI KURNIAWATI; N. SRI HARTATI; ENNY SUDARMONOWATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090102

Abstract

Hartati, Fathoni A, Kurniawati S, Hartati NS, Sudarmonowati E. 2017. Technological innovation in the protection of beta carotene on MOCAF production which is rich in beta carotene. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 6-11. The conversion process of high beta carotene cassava into high beta carotene MOCAF might cause a high loss of beta carotene contents during the process of flour making. This research aims to develop the most appropriate technology to protect the loss of beta carotene contents during MOCAF process. Preservation methods used consisting of four starter treatment combinations of Bimo-CF and sodium metabisulfite (Na2S2O5) on Adira 1 variety, namely (i) 0.5 g starter/L volume of soaking solution and 0.3% of Na2S2O5, (ii) 0.5 g starter and 0.15% of Na2S2O5, (iii) 1 g starter and 0.3% of Na2S2O5, and (iv) 1 g starter and 0.15% of Na2S2O5. The results showed that Na2S2O5 can reduce the loss of beta carotene contents during the process of flour making. Of the initial concentration of beta carotene in tubers (3.5 mg/kg), the loss of beta carotene on MOCAF control without preservation process with Na2S2O5 reached 68.8% (1.09 mg/kg). With Na2S2O5 application, the loss of beta carotene could be reduced to 24.3% (2.65 mg/kg). The fermentation process with Bimo-CF starter increased the protein content of MOCAF two times from the control. The best and safest protection of beta carotene for food was achieved from preservation method using the combination of 1 g/L volume of soaking solution starter and 0.15% of Na2S2O5 which produced residue of Na2S2O5 to 53.07 mg/kg, which means lower than the maximum residue allowed in a flour product (70 mg/kg). The MOCAF yield obtained from each combination is quite high in range of 32-38%. The highest MOCAF yield is obtained from the protection method using combination of 1 g/L volume of starter soaking solution with Na2S2O5 0% and 0.15%.
Change in physiological parameters of calves of various breeds under the transport and pre-slaughter stress VLADIMIR IVANOVICH LEVAKHIN; IVAN FIODOROVICH GORLOV; ELEMES AZHMULDINOVICH AZHMULDINOV; YURIY IVANOVICH LEVAKHIN; GALIMZHAN KALIKHANOVICH DUSKAEV; ELENA YURIEVNA ZLOBINA; EKATERINA VLADIMIROVNA KARPENKO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090101

Abstract

Levakhin VI, Gorlov IF, Azhmuldinov EA, Levakhin YI, Duskaev GK, Zlobina EY, Karpenko EV. 2017. Change in physiological parameters of calves of various breeds under the transport and pre-slaughter stress. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 1-5. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the animal breed on the stress resistance of young cattle during the motor transportation. Six groups of animals were chosen for the experiment. The first group consisted of calves crossbred from dairy Black and White cows with Hereford bulls, the second – of calves crossbred from dairy cows of Bestuscheff breed with Hereford bulls, the third – of calves purebred of Simmental, the fourth – of calves purebred of Hereford, the fifth – of calves purebred of Aberdeen-Angus, and the sixth – of calves purebred of Limousine breed. The total length of transport was 180 km of highways and local roads. The route consisted of a 5-hour trip without a rest period. The greatest loss in the body weight was determined in the Limousine calves. The calves purebred of Hereford and Simmental breeds are more stress-resistant during the transporting and the pre-slaughter treatment.
The effect of stocking density ratio of fish on water plant productivity in aquaponics culture system YULI ANDRIANI; YAYAT DHAHIYAT; ZAHIDAH ZAHIDAH; IRFAN ZIDNI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090106

Abstract

Andriani Y, Dhahiyat Y, Zahidah, Zidni I. 2016. The effect of stocking density ratio of fish on water plant productivity in aquaponics culture system. Nusantara Bioscience 8: xxxx. This study aims to determine the productivity of water plants at various stocking density ratios in the aquaponic culture system. This study is conducted experimentally using the Completely Randomized Design with the differences in the treatment of stocking density ratio, each repeated five times. The treatments of the stocking density ratio of both the catfish fry and the Nile tilapia fry include: A (75:75 fry/m2), B (100:50 fry/m2, and C (125:25 fry/m2). The observed parameters are 1) plant productivity including measuring the growth of water spinach and growth rate, covering weight gain, stem length and number of leaves, and 2) water quality, including dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate and phosphate. The data of plant productivity is analyzed descriptively while the water quality is analyzed using ANOVA. The result of this study shows that the stocking density ratio significantly affects the productivity of water plants and the water quality of the media. The highest productivity of water spinach productivity occurs at the stocking density ratio of 75 catfish fry/m2: 75 Nile tilapia fry m2, at which the average stem length is 59.14 cm, average number of leaves is 13.67, and the harvest weight is 465 g. Fish stocking density ratio also affects the quality of water, where the synergy between fish farming and water plant growing results in the better water quality compared to fish farming without water plant. The highest quality of water is achieved at the stocking density ratio of 100 catfish fry/m2: 50 Nile tilapia fry/m2.
Diversity and identity of Fusarium species occurring on fruits, vegetables and food grains AVINASH P. INGLE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090108

Abstract

Ingle AP. 2017. Diversity and identity of Fusarium species occurring on fruits, vegetables and food grains. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 44-51. The members of the genus Fusarium are the most important pathogens associated with different plants including crop plants, fruits, vegetables, etc. Fusarium species are mainly responsible for wilts, blights, root-rots and cankers in these plants. Fusarium spp. produces many types of mycotoxins, which can unfavorably affect human and animal health. In the present study, 48 isolates of Fusarium were recovered from various fruits, vegetables and food grains. Out of these, 23 isolates were recovered from vegetables, 14 from food grains and 11 from fruits. Further, different isolates recovered from infected plant materials were identified on the basis of morphological, cultural and microscopic characteristics. All the isolates were categorized into 11 groups. viz., F. semitectum have maximum number of isolates (10), followed by F. solani (7), F. oxysporum (5), F. equiseti (5), F. acuminatum (4), F. proliferatum (4), F. scirpi (4), F. moniliforme (3), F. tricinctum (3), F. graminearum (2) and F. culmorum (1). For the rapid identification and confirmation of identity, ITS (internal transcribed spacer) r-DNA sequencing and their comparison with sequences available in GenBank was performed using online BLAST program. ITS-rDNA sequence comparison can be used as potential and unique molecular marker for the rapid and accurate identification of different Fusarium species. Moreover, the rapid identification can help in the management of Fusarium infections in plants.
The benefit of top soil and fertilizer mixture to improve the ex-coal mining land SOPIALENA SOPIALENA; ROSFIANSYAH ROSFIANSYAH; SURYA SILA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090107

Abstract

Sopialena, Rosfiansyah, Sila S. 2017. The benefit of top soil and fertilizer mixture to improve the ex-coal mining land. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 36-43. The mining activities have led severe impacts on some environmental issues including a decrease in soil fertility, which affects the ability of soil to supply soil nutrients to growing plants, a destruction in soil structure, and the loss of microorganisms, which are important for reforming process to treat organic materials. In this regards, reclamation of mined degraded land has been continually used to improve soil structure and its microorganisms. In practice, for large scale reclamation, fertilizer use can primarily enhance soil qualities in improving plant’s growth and yield. It is suggested that healthy soil should contain millions of microorganisms at the aggregation which leads to the improvement of soil nutrients and its structure, as the medium for plant growth. For this purpose, therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of organic fertilizer (Ostindo) and top soil mixture on microbial diversity, soil fertility and the growth of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L. Nielsen). This study made use of a randomized block design, using four treatments and five replications including P0: without top soil and fertilizer, P1: with top soil but without fertilizer, P2: without top soil but with fertilizer, P3: mixture of top soil and fertilizer. The results showed that a mixture of top soil and fertilizer has successfully increased in the number of fungal genus, starting from two genus (Phytium and Penicillium) turning into five genus (Phytium, Fusarium, Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Rhizoctonia), as well as in the number of nematode genus, from two (Dorylaimus and Rhabditis) turning into five genus (Dorylaimus, Steinernema, Dorylaimus, Hoplolaimus, and Mononchus). This study indicated that the mixture has significantly improved soil health in ex-coal mining land, which was viable through the pH level (almost neutral), the significant increase of C, N and P2O5 , and also the growth of Sengon. In conclusion, this study succeeds in demonstrating that the mixture of top soil and fertilizer has enhanced the microbial diversity, soil fertility, and sengon growth.
Short Communication: Some additions to powdery mildews (Erysiphales: Fungi) of Northwestern Himalayas AJAY KUMAR GAUTAM; SHUBHI AVASTHI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090109

Abstract

Gautam AK, Avasthi S. 2017. Short Communication: Some additions to powdery mildews (Erysiphales: Fungi) of Northwestern Himalayas. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 52-56. During the regular mycological collections, between October to December 2015 in North-West Himalayas of Himachal Pradesh, four powdery mildews parasitic on higher plants were gathered. After study they were found to be Pseudoidium cryptolepidis on Cryptolepis buchanani, Erysiphe trifoliorum on Trifolium repentis, Podosphaera xanthii on Coreopsis lanceolata and Podosphaera euphorbiae-hirtae on Euphorbia hirta. All the powdery mildew fungi are additions to Himachal Pradesh as well as north-west Himalayas.
Short Communication: Growth response and dependency of endangered nedun tree species (Pericopsis mooniana) affected by indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi inoculation HUSNA HUSNA; FAISAL DANU TUHETERU; ENDAH WIGATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 9 No. 1 (2017)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n090110

Abstract

Husna, Tuheteru FD, Wigati E. 2017. Short Communication: Growth response and dependency of endangered nedun tree species (Pericopsis mooniana) affected by indigenous Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi inoculation. Nusantara Bioscience 9: 57-61. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) were isolated from the rhizosphere of local nedun tree or kayu kuku (Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw.) and based on the results of previous studies which showed that inoculation with AMF mix enhanced growth and nutrient uptake of seedlings P. mooniana on ultisol and serpentine soil media. Thus study aimed to determine the effectiveness of indigenous AMF on the growth and dependence of P. mooniana. P. mooniana seedlings were grown on ultisol soil medium and inoculated with and without AMF (Clareodeglomus etunicatum, Glomus sp. (HA), Glomus sp. (KDI)) and mixed (C. etunicatum, Glomus sp. (HA), Glomus sp. (KDI) for 12 weeks under greenhouse conditions. The results showed that inoculation with Glomus sp. (HA) significantly increased plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, dry weight (roots, shoots, total), nodulation, root length and leaf length. It was better than results on control of P. mooniana seedling but it was not significantly different from other types of AMF, except on Glomus sp. (HA) on plant height. The width of the leaf and shoot-root ratio was not influenced by the AMF. P. mooniana has a high dependency (<75%) with mycorrhizal dependency (MD) value ranging from 54-68%. Glomus sp. (HA) and other types of AMF have potential to be developed to support the conservation of P. mooniana.

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