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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "No. 25 (2005)" : 6 Documents clear
IN VITRO CONSERVATION OF COCONUT (Cocos nucifera L.) EMBRYOS IN CULTURE MEDIA SUKENDAH SUKENDAH; MA L. O CEDO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (210.667 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.210

Abstract

The possibility of delaying the germination of mature coconut embryos  in vitro for medium-term conservation of coconut was investigated.  Embryos of coconut was stored in sugar free, full-strength and half-strength MS media for 3 months with minimal loss in viability.  Germinability of embryos decreased with prolonged storage.  At the end of 9-month storage period, embryos kept in full-strength media were all non-germinable, while those stored in half-strength media still gave 15% germination.  Addition of mannitol up to 0.3M did show any significant effect  on germination of embryos stored for 3 months.  However, longer period of storage helps to a certain extent in the preservation of embryo viability.  The presence of mannitol in the storage medium also induced morphological abnormalities in seedlings derived subsequently from the stored embryos.  Mannitol at 0.4M was totally deleterious to the embryo.  Significance of these findings on coconut genetic resources conservation are discussed.  Keywords:  In vitro conservation/Coconut embryo.
EFFECT OF MANCOZEB 80% CONCENTRATIONS ON THE GROWTH OF CENOCOCCUM GEOPHILUM FR. UNDER IN VITRO CONDITION SUPRIYANTO SUPRIYANTO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (123.637 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.212

Abstract

Fungicides, such as Mancozeb 80% are used in nurseries to prevent the plant root against pathogenic fungi. These fungicides may have negative impacts on beneficial organisms such as ectomycorrhizal fungi. Cenococcum geophilum  is an important ectomycorrhizal fungus associated with some forest trees species. An in vitro experiment was conducted  in laboratory condition.  Cenococcum  geophilum was cultured on solid Modified Melin Nokrans’ (MMN) medium containing Mancozeb 80 % at different concentrations (0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600, 700, 800, 900, and 1000  μM). A completely randomized design was used with 8 replicates Petri dishes. Mancozeb 80 % decreased the growth of mycelia of C. geophilum. The radial growth of mycelia was not inhibited by Mancozeb 80 % at 0 to 400 μM concentrations. Fungi-static effect of Mancozeb 80 % was found at 500 to 600 μM concentrations, meanwhile fungi-toxic effect of Mancozeb 80 % was obtained at concentration more than 700 μM. A lethal level of Mancozeb 80% to the growth of C. geophilum was not found.  Key word :  fungicide/Mancozeb 80 % /Cenococcum geophilum/fungi-static, fungi-toxic  
PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION OF CELLULASE FROM TRICHODERMA VIRIDE SURYAHADI SURYAHADI; R. HIDAYAT; S. WULANDARI; K.G. WIRYAWAN
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (96.263 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.208

Abstract

  An appropriate preservation technology for forage such as silage needs to be developed in order to overcome the shortage of tropical forage during the dry season. A good quality of silage is obtained by decreasing the fibre contents (Neutral Detergent Fibre, Acid Detergent Fibre and lignin). The research was conducted in two stages: 1). Production and activity test of crude enzymes from Trichoderma viride and 2). Comparative test using crude enzymes from  Trichoderma viride strain QM 9414 (CETV) and commercial cellulase (Cellulase “Onozuka R-10”, heidelberg) on rice straw silage. The treatments were arranged as follows : P0=Untreated rice straw silage, P1=Treated with commercial cellulase at 10 IU kg-1, P2= Treated with CETV at 3.8 IU kg-1, P3=Treated with CETV at 7.6 IU kg-1  and P4= Treated with CETV at 11.4 IU kg-1 of fresh rice straw. All treatments were enriched with 5% molasses. The result of the research indicated that: 1). The activity of crude enzymes from Trichoderma viride strain QM 9414 (CETV) was 1.52 IUml-1. 2). The addition of both enzymes did not decrease dry matter of rice straw silage; however, organic matter significantly decreased (p
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MANNANOLYTIC THERMOPHILIC BACTERIA FROM PALM OIL SHELL AND THEIR MANNANASE ENZYME PRODUCTION PROPERTIES ANTONIUS SUWANTO; SUMARDI; MAGGY T HENAWIDJAJA; T RESNAWATI P URWADARIA
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.211

Abstract

A mannanolytic thermophilic bacterium (L-07) was isolated from palm oil shell after 2 days ofenrichment in liquid medium supplemented with 1% palm kernel meal as mannan source. Sequenceanalysis of 16S-rRNA indicated that L-07 was similar (98%) to  Geobacillus stearothermophilus, aspecies of thermophilic aerobic bacteria. We found that  G. stearothermophilus L-07 producedextracellular β-1,4-mannanases, but no β-manosidase and α-galactosidase activities. The growth of L-07reached its maximum (3.0 x 106 cell/ml) at 12-20 hours, while the highest  β-mannanase activity (0.52U/ml) was observed in culture medium after 36 hours of cultivation at 60oC. The medium containinglocust bean gum was the best for producing extracellular β-1,4-mannanases compared with kolang kaling,konjak, and palm kernel meal. SDS-PAGE and zymogram analysis demonstrated that crude mannanasecomplex of L-07 from locust bean gum containing medium comprised three active bands with molecularweight of 85, 73 and 50 kDa.   Keywords :  Extracellular enzyme/mannanase/Geobacillus stearothermophilus
INVENTORY OF THE INVASIVE ALIEN PLANT SPECIES IN INDONESIA SRI SUDARMIYATI TJITROSOEDIRDJO
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.209

Abstract

   An inventory of the alien plant species in Indonesia based on the existing references and herbarium specimens concluded that 1936 alien plant species are found in Indonesia which belong to 187 families. Field studies should be done to get the complete figures of alien plant species in Indonesia. Based on the existing figures of the plant species, the invasive alien plant species can be identified, followed by studies on the assessment of losses, biology, management and their possible utilizations. Alien plant species are imported to Indonesia for cultivation, collection of the botanical garden, as experimental plants or other curiosities. Aside from plants purposely imported,  there are also introduced plant propagules conta-minating imported agricultural products. These alien plant species can be beneficial or have a potential of being invasive. The alien cultivated species consisted of 67% of the total number. More than half of the cultivated plants are ornamental plants. Some of the species are naturalized or escaped from cultivation and become wild and invasive. Some other naturalized species, adapted well without any problems of invasion. There are 339 species or 17% of the species recorded as weeds. The highest record of weeds is found in the family of Poaceae (57 species), followed by Asteraceae (53 species) and Cyperaceae (35 species). There are 6 families having more than  10 species of weeds: Amaranthaceae, Asteraceae, Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae. Three families have more than 100 species: Asteraceae 162 species, Poaceae 120 species, and Papillionaceae 103 species. Five species of aquatic and 20 species of terrestrial plants  considered as important alien plant species in Indonesia were identified and some of  their  distributions noted.  Keywords :  Alien plant species/Invasive alien plants/Weeds/Environmental weeds/Aquatic and   terrestrial  alien  plants   
THE LIGHT GRADIENTS INSIDE SOYBEAN LEAVES AND THEIR EFFECT ON THE CURVATURE FACTOR OF THE LIGHT RESPONSE CURVES OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS TANIA JUNE
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 25 (2005)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2005.0.25.213

Abstract

ABSTRACT  Light gradients within leaves are not included in the model of Farquhar, although a steep light gradient does exist within leaves. For a bifacial  leaf, the model shows good agreement with measured data, but for an isobilateral leaf the model may underestimate photosynthesis measured by conventional gas exchange. Isobilateral leaves easily developed when plants were grown in growth chambers where some light were reflected from the growth chamber metal base onto the lower surface of the leaves during growth, resulting in adjustment of the photosynthetic capacity inside the leaves. This could also happen in the  field when canopy is very sparse and lower surface of leaves was exposed to reflected light from soil surface.  Complications occurred when fitting the light response curves of the electron transport rate, due to the interaction between the quantum yield of electron transport (a2) and the curvature factor (Θ). It is suspected that there may be an interaction with the light gradient  within the leaf. This manuscript discusses the effect of a light gradient inside a soybean leaf on the estimation of Θ. It is shown in the manuscript how the light curves of the isobilateral leaves (at different degree) responded when measured using conventional gas exchange and  how it affected the estimation of  Θ and the electron transport capacity, Jmax. An experiment was conducted to prove the hypothesis that this “out of ordinary” estimate of Θ (and hence Jmax) was due to the unmatched distribution of photosynthetic capacity with distribution of absorbed light.   Keywords :  light gradient / photosynthetic capacity (Jmax) / curvature factor (Θ) / gas exchange   

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