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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology
Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology
ISSN : 02156334     EISSN : 1907770X     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb
Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary
BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.
Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)
Articles 8 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)" : 8 Documents clear
GENOTYPIC AND PHENOTYPIC CHARACTERIZATION OF Alcaligenes javaensis JG3 POTENTIAL AS AN EFFECTIVE BIODEGRADER Stalis Norma Ethica; Oedjijono Oedjijono; Endang Semiarti; Jaka Widada; Tri Joko Raharjo
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (104.448 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.583

Abstract

Utilization of glycerol by lipase producing bacteria offers great benefits for fat and oil waste degradation and waterwaste treatment. Nevertheless, there have been lack of reports about the availability of non-pathogenic, lipase producing bacteria, which could naturally degrade glycerol produced from the lipolysis process by lipase. This study reported a newly identified species of rhizobacteria, Alcaligenes javaensis JG3, which is not only able to produce high level of lipase, but also able to degrade glycerol molecules. Identification of strain JG3 was carried out using SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), BD Phoenix 100 Automated Microbiology System and 16S rRNA gene analysis to determine its taxonomy status. The ability of the strain to metabolize glycerol was investigated both genotypically and phenotypically using degenerate PCR and a glycerol minimal medium. Identification test results showed that strain JG3 belongs to genus Alcaligenes, with the closest relationship with A. faecalis and A. aquatilis (96% nucleotide similarity maximum). Degenerate PCR resulted in a 248-bp sequence showing 93% similarity with glpK of Candidatus Sodalis pierantonius SOPE, a key gene involved in glycerol metabolism. In vitro glycerol utilization test result showed that Alcaligenes sp. JG3 was able to grow on glycerol aerobically, but not anaerobically. It is concluded that Alcaligenes sp. JG3 possesses genes coding for glycerol metabolism and this trait is phenotypically expressed, thus making the strain potential to be used as an effective fat and oil biodegrader.
THE PECULIAR PETIOLE CALLUSES GROWTH OF Amorphophallus titanum (Becc.) Becc. ex Arcang AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR Ex situ CONSERVATION EFFORTS Yuzammi Yuzammi; Kartika Ning Tyas; Tri Handayani
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (10100.681 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.706

Abstract

Amorphophallus titanum is a plant species endemic to Sumatera. Land degradation and illegal capture of hornbills (a distributor of A. titanum seeds) is leading to potential extinction of A. titanum in the wild. In order to conserve the species and save it from extinction, there is an urgent need to develop methods to propagate it both in situ and ex situ. The aim of this research was to discover environmental factors triggering callus growth from petiole cuttings of A. titanum in its natural habitat in Sumatera and to determine the viability of callus pieces as a propagation material. A completely randomized design with a single factor, i.e., callus size, was employed on five callus replicates. Each replicate consisted of four callus samples. The treatments consisted of three callus piece sizes i.e. 0.5 x.0.5 cm2, 1 x 1 cm2, 2 x 2 cm2. For each replicate, the following parameters of growth were assessed: the time of appearance of shoots; the shoot height when the first leaf fully opened; the petiole diameter; the diameter of the leaf lamina; and the number of young shoots. The results of our field observations showed that environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and soil influence the formation of the callus in the wild. The size of the callus affected the shoot and root growth. The best result was obtained from callus 2 cm², which could produce 2–3 shoots with an average height of 18.8 cm at the time of first fully opened leaf. The collection of  petiole calluses of A. titanum that formed in its natural habitat are recommended instead of carrying the tuber.This ex vitro calluses can be used as propagation materials and then it could be planted in the botanic gardens as one of ex situ conservation effort.
ISOLATING MICROSATELLITE FROM Amorphophallus variabilis AND ITS APPLICATION FOR POPULATION STUDY IN DRAMAGA CONSERVATION FOREST, INDONESIA Edi Santosa; Chun Lan Lian; Yoko Mine; Ken Takahata; Nobuo Sugiyama
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (195.087 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.652

Abstract

Amorphophallus variabilis Blume, a member of Araceae, is a fleshy perennial tuber crop endemic in Java Island, Indonesia. The plant produces white edible corm; and it was used as food during famine time before 1960s. Rapid ecological changes and land fragmentations in Java in recent times threaten populations of A. variabilis. Here, compound microsatellite markers were developed in order to develop conservation strategies in the populations. Twelve primers pairs produced high polymorphism ranging from 5 to 22 alleles per locus. The observed and expected heterozygosities ranged from 0.191 to 0.851 and 0.380 to 0.943, respectively. This high allelic diversity indicates that these markers are suitable for the study on population genetic structure. Cross-amplification on related and non-related species was performed. Application of the markers on populations from Dramaga Conservation Forest revealed high allelic richness, high diversity within and among populations. Genetic distance among populations increased with an increase of geographic distance. Present study suggested that, it is important to study population of A. variabilis in Java in order to understand the population genetic structure and develop effective in situ conservation programs.
SOIL CHARACTERISTICS UNDER INTENSIFIED SHIFTING CULTIVATION FOR UPLAND RICE CULTIVATION IN UPLAND SABAL, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA Ho Soo Ying; Mohd Effendi bin Wasli; Mugunthan Perumal
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (5297.152 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.799

Abstract

Shifting cultivation practices are regarded as the most important agricultural land-use in the marginal uplands of Sarawak for the livelihood of the rural communities. In response to various socio-economic consequences, previous practices on traditional form of shifting cultivation were altered into much sedentary farming practices. Soil productivity to sustain rice yield under current intensified forms of shifting cultivation should be of prime importance for food security among the local community at the marginal uplands of Sarawak. Therefore, this study was conducted to characterize soil properties influenced by the current intensified shifting cultivation practices at Sabal upland area, Sarawak. Along with the use of agrochemicals, shifting cultivation at Sabal area was conducted through single cultivation practices (10 to 15 years of fallow period and a cycle of rice cultivation) and multiple cultivation practices (5 to 7 years of fallow period and two cycles of rice cultivation). Before burning practices, soil pH was highly acidic (ranged from 4.28 to 4.72) in single cultivation sites; while multiple cultivation sites showed less acidic nature (soil pH ranged from 4.98 to 5.23) with relatively high secondary macronutrient contents, especially soil exchangeable Mg and Ca. No significant observation was found after burning practice in Total C and Total N of the soils at both sites. The level of soil exchangeable bases (K, Mg and Ca) and available P increased after the burning practices in single cultivation farmlands; while multiple cultivation sites showed lower to no increase in exchangeable bases and available P, partly attributed to the limited supply of nutrients from the aboveground biomass. After the harvesting of rice, soils at both sites tended to be more acidic and lower in macronutrient contents (K, Mg and Ca), primarily ascribable to crop uptake during the cultivation period. The average yield of rice in single cultivation sites and multiple cultivation sites were 721 kg/ha and 391 kg/ha, respectively. Our findings suggested that the usage of agrochemicals, particularly fertilizers in multiple cultivation sites are necessary for sustaining rice yield to restore the depleted macronutrients (especially K, Mg and Ca) after successive cultivation.
LIGHT-COLOR-INDUCED CHANGES IN FATTY ACID BIOSYNTHESIS IN Chlorella sp. STRAIN KS-MA2 IN EARLY STATIONARY GROWTH PHASE Siti-Mariam Osman; Tse Seng Chuah; Saw Hong Loh; Thye San Cha; Aziz Ahmad
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (14.638 KB) | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.685

Abstract

Optimization of light supply remains a critical issue in microalgae biotechnology. The impacts of light color on fatty acid production and biosynthesis in microalgae are poorly understood. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of light color on growth and fatty acid content in Chlorella strain KS-MA2. Cells were cultured on F/2 medium and incubated under blue, green, red or white light. The cells’ growth, fatty acid composition and the expression levels of the ketoacyl synthase 1 (KAS-1), omega-6 desaturase (ω-6 FAD) and omega-3 desaturase (ω-3 FAD) genes were measured at the early stationary growth phase. Results of this study indicated that light color affected cell density and fatty acid profile produced by Chlorella sp. strain KS-MA2. Cells cultured under blue, red and white light had higher cell density than those cultured under green light. Palmitic acid (38.62 ± 3.29% of biomass dry weight) and linolenic acid (7.96 ± 0.88% of biomass dry weight) were highly accumulated under white light. Stearic acid was dominant under blue light (11.11 ± 0.14% of biomass dry weight), whereas oleic acid was dominant under red light (30.50 ± 0.14% of biomass dry weight). Linoleic acid was highly produced under green and blue light (28.63 ± 1.36% and 26.00 ± 0.81 % of biomass dry weight, respectively). KAS-1 and ω-6 FAD were highly expressed under blue light, whereas ω-3 FAD was highly expressed under green light. The production of particular fatty acids of interest from Chlorella could be achieved by shifting color of light used during the incubation of the cell cultures. Blue-light is the most suitable light color for producing biomass and stearic acid by Chlorellastrain KS-MA2. 
PHENOTYPIC AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF MULTISHOOTS DEVELOPMENT IN TRANSGENIC Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) BLUME HARBORING 35S::KNAT1 (KNOTTED-LIKE Arabidopsis thaliana 1) Triono Bagus Saputro; Endang Semiarti; Aziz Purwantoro
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.615

Abstract

Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume is one of Indonesian natural orchid which has an aesthetic flower and possesses high economic value. The low multiplication rate and long periods of life cycle are the main obstacles to conventionally propagate this orchid. The aims of this research were to analyze the stability of transgenic plant P. amabilis harboring 35S::KNAT1 based on morpho-genomic characterization. KNAT1 gene is reported as a gene that involved in the shoot formation, and it  had been successfully introduced into Phalaenopsis amabilis (L.) Blume genome. After seven times regeneration, the confirmation of the transgene existence in the genom is needed to ensure whether the plant could consistently maintain the transgene in its genome and to characterize the shoot development. The experiment was carried out in 3 steps:  1) Co-integration analysis of 35S::KNAT1 into P. amabilis genom; 2) Phenotypic analysis on the multiplication rate, morphological variation and venation pattern; and 3) Protein profile analysis of transgenic plants. The results showed that the survival rate of putative transgenic was 58.7% on NP0 medium and 62.5% on NP SIM medium. PCR analysis confirmed that 82.5% transgenic growth on NP0 and 93.33% on NP SIM contained DNA fragment of KNAT1 gene, NPTII gene and trnL-F intergenic spacer, indicating that those plants are positive transgenic. The 35S::KNAT1 transgenes and phytohormone were independently involved in multishoots formation of P. amabilis transgenic plants. The phenotypic of plantlets were classified into six main criteria, i.e. normal shape, lobed leaves, rosette, elongated stem, cup shoot and widened leaves. The normal type was the most abundant type of variation (± 29%) in both medium. Protein profile showed that all transgenic plants produced 45,8 kDa protein and that was equivalent with molecular weight of KNAT1 protein. Taken together, all those data indicated that 35S::KNAT1 transgene were consistently integrated into the transgenic plant genome.
JABON (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb) POTENCY FOR REMEDIATING LEAD (Pb) TOXICITY UNDER NUTRIENT CULTURE CONDITION Luluk Setyaningsih; Yadi Setiadi; Sri Wilarso Budi; Hamim Hamim; Didy Sopandie
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.712

Abstract

Information on metal adaptation of plants is necessary to understand the mechanism of heavy metal, including lead (Pb), remediation mediated by forest plants in contaminated land. This study aimed to find out the adaptation mechanism of jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Roxb) seedlings to excessive lead level based on the tolerance index of growth performance and lead transport to plant tissue.  The seedlings were exposed to lead (Pb(NO3)2) with the concentrations of 0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5 and 10 mM in nutrient culture for 15 days. The result showed that the tolerance index (TI) of the seedlings was significantly decreased by Pb exposure up to 1.5 mM, but the TI values were more than 75%.  All seedlings died at Pb concentration of 5 mM and up.  Pb accumulated in all parts of the seedlings, with the highest concentration found in the leaves (735.9 ppm) under Pb concentration of 0.5 mM.   The Pb was found to be transported to the top portion of the seedlings indicated by Transport Factor (TF) that was more than 1. The results suggest that jabon can adapt to excessive Pb exposure up to 1.5 mM and has the potential as a remediator plant.
THE GROWTH STRATEGIES ANALYSIS OF TEN WOODY PLANT SPECIES FOR EFFECTIVE REVEGETATION Ridesti Rindyastuti; Retno Peni Sancayaningsih
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 25 No. 1 (2018)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11598/btb.2018.25.1.705

Abstract

The growth strategies of plant species show the ecological role which is reflexed by their adaptation to environments and competitiveness. Those are essential in the study of the revegetation effectiveness. However, the growth strategies of plant species in various types of habitats have not yet been fully investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the growth strategies of ten woody plant species which were naturalized from mangrove to lowland habitats in relation to their effectiveness for revegetation program. The seedling’s growth was recorded during 4 months in Purwodadi Botanic Garden-LIPI from October 2014 to February 2015. Complete randomized design with plant species as a treatment using 3 replications was carried out to examine the plant’s Relative Growth Rates (RGRs), their components, leaf nitrogen productivity and growth strategies.The study showed that RGRs of ten woody plants species varied across species. Based on the Pearson correlations, the plant’s Net Assimilation Rates (NAR) and two ecological traits related to the root trait i.e. Nitrogen productivity and Specific Root Length (SRL) were strongly correlated with the RGRs. Heritiera littoralis, Diospyros discolor, Antidesma bunius, Schleichera oleosa, Madhuca longifolia and Syzygium cumini have high RGRs but low Specific Leaf Area (SLA). B. asiatica has relatively low RGRs and SLA, while Dracontomelon dao have high RGRs and SLA. It showed that most of plant species studied, except D. dao achieve growth rates and competitiveness by developing strategies through forming fine roots to maximize its ecological function in nutrients uptake. Most of woody plant species are adaptive to dry lowland habitat and only D. dao potentially occupy the ecosystem. Furthermore, D. discolor and S. oleosa are highly recommended for revegetation in degraded tropical lowland areas.

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