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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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Population Genetics of the Critically Endangered Species Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume (Dipterocarpaceae) Endemic on Nusakambangan Island, Indonesia Dwiyanti, Fifi Gus; Harada, Ko; Siregar, Iskandar Zulkarnaen; Kamiya, Koichi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 (2014): BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 June 2014
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Background Dipterocarpus littoralis Blume is a critically endangered dipterocarp species found only on Nusakambangan Island, Central Java, Indonesia. Patterns of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of adults and saplings in two extant populations (Kali Jati and Solok Besek) were estimated using ten microsatellite markers. Results A total of 39 alleles was found, with two and four alleles being unique in adult and sapling populations, respectively. Allelic richness and heterozygosity was similar between adult (Ar = 3.00; He = 0.423) and sapling (Ar = 3.25; He = 0.441) populations.Inbreeding coefficientsin saplingswere positive in both populations and statistically significant in Kali Jati, while those in adult populations were not significantly different from zero, indicating excessive inbreeding and selfing in the sapling populations. Genetic differentiation of the sapling populations (FST = 0.036) was slightly lower than in the adult populations (0.050), but only significantly so for saplings.Conclusions This study revealed that D. littoralis has low genetic diversity in both adults and saplings. Similarly low values in allele richness and heterozygosity suggest that reductions of population size have been ongoing for long periods in this species. Significant genetic differentiation between sapling populations but not adult populations indicates that recent fragmentation is further accelerating the isolation process.

Population Structure, Dispersion Pattern and Seedling Growth of Gewang Palm (Corypha utan Lam.) in Timor Island, Indonesia Kusuma, Yayan Wahyu Candra; Witono, Joko Ridho
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Food insecurity has been reported to be the top most concern in East Nusa Tenggara (Timor Island) compared to that in other provinces in Indonesia. The use of local species as food sources is one possible arm in the fight against food insecurity. Gewang (Corypha utan Lam.) is a palm species which produces starch similar to the true sago palm (Metroxylon sagu). Although it is important to promote the species as a starch crop, information on its current population and seedling growth performance is still lacking. Hence, a one-hectare plot was surveyed and an experimental plot was established for population and regeneration analyses. In the 1 ha plot there were 31 productive trees, 2 post productive trees, 63 immature trees and 2,211 seedlings. The dispersion of the species followed the clumped pattern for immature trees and seedlings, but shifted to random pattern at maturity or productive stage. The seedling survival was stable when weeded, but dropped to 50% when un-weeded. However, in spite of its stem extraction for starch consumption, the population of C. utan in East Nusa Tenggara was stable. This indicated that C. utan in East Nusa Tenggara is a potential alternative food source to help build food security in Indonesia especially in dry lands like Timor Island and its adjacent regions.

Growth, Photosynthesis and Proline Accumulation of Metal-Accumulator Weeds Hamim, Hamim; Apriani, Rani; Saprudin, Deden; Sulistyaningsih, Yohana C
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Intensive use of heavy metals, particularly lead and mercury, in industrial activities and mining extraction has caused the widespread distribution of these contaminants, thereby threatening the environment. Consequently, the growth and several physiological responses of five metal-accumulator weed species were examined in response to mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb) treatments. The weed species Brachiaria mutica, Cyperus kyllingia, Ipomoea aquatica, Mikania micrantha, and Paspalum conjugatum were grown in water culture using half-strength Hoagland's solution and subjected to Hg(NO₃)₂ and Pb(NO₃)₂ at concentrations of 0, 0.25, and 0.5 mM for 3 weeks. Plant growth, photosynthesis, lipid peroxidation, and proline content were observed. Both Hg and Pb significantly reduced plant growth, but the decrease was more pronounced under Hg treatment than under Pb. Hg dramatically reduced the photosynthetic rate under different photosynthetic photon flux densities, indicating that Hg up to 0.5 mM damaged the photosynthetic apparatus in almost all species except I. aquatica. Hg and Pb treatments caused a dramatic increase in leaf MDA content, which was associated with a significant decrease in chlorophyll content. Most species were tolerant to Pb up to 0.5 mM except M. micrantha, while only C. kyllingia and I. aquatica were tolerant to Hg treatment up to 0.5 mM. Hg treatment also induced higher proline accumulation in leaves, although without a clear increment pattern among species, suggesting that proline may function as a stress alarm rather than as a tolerance indicator.

Discrimination of two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.): A rapid protocol for rehabilitation centres and zoos Perwitasari-Farajallah, Dyah
BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 (2009): BIOTROPIA Vol. 16 No. 2 December 2009
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Â Â Â Â Currently orangutans exist in increasingly fragmented and isolated populations. While Sumatran orangutan is primarily found in northern Sumatra, the Bornean is distributed in Central, West, and East Kalimantan, Sarawak and Sabah.Â The determination of intra- and inter-species variation between Bornean and Sumatran orangutans has been stated to be essential for both the management of orangutan reintroduction projects and the planning of conservation strategies to preserve the remaining wild populations.Â This study aimed to identify two species of Orangutans (Pongo sp.) by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms) analyses of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA).Â An approximately 540 bp single fragment of the ND5 gene near the 5â€™-region was PCR amplified for all samples tested.Â Digestion pattern for both AluI and MseI were different between two groups of ND5 fragments in this study.Â Present result showed a rapid protocol to identify these two species by means of RFLP (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) analyses of mtDNA (mitochondrial DNA).Â This technique can be applied easily to rehabilitation centres and zoos to resolve species discrimination problem.Â Keywords: Orangutans, Pongo sp., Sumatra, Borneo, discrimination

THE ROLE OF HALTICA SP. (COLEOPTERA: HALTICIDAE) AS BIOLOGICAL CONTROL AGENT OF POLYGONUM CHINENSE SUN JAY A SUN JAY A
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The role of Haltica sp. (Coleoptera: Halticidae) with emphasis on host specificity and damage potential in controlling Polygonum chinense was evaluated under laboratory condition. Starvation test of the weevil on 33 weeds and 14 crop plant species indicated that only 6 weed species were attacked: Polygonum chinense, P. nepalense, P. barbatum, P. longisetum, Ludwigia octovalvis and L. parennis with P. chinense as the most preferred host plant. Preliminary damage potential test indicated that a population of 0, 1,2 and 3 pairs of adult weevil reduced theÂ percentageÂ ofÂ freshÂ weightÂ incrementÂ ofÂ P.Â chinenseÂ byÂ Â Â 0;Â 46.2;Â 74.7Â andÂ 75.5%Â respectively.Â Field observations indicated that the larvae as well as adult weevils are potential biological control agents of P. chinense. Further studies are, however, on the host-range of this weevil.

Isolation of Endophytic Fungi From the Coastal Plant Terong Pungo (Solanum sp.) and Its Antibacterial Activity Against Oral Pathogenic Bacteria Ukhty, Nabila; Tarman, Kustiariyah; Setyaningsih, Iriani
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 April 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Coastal plant locally known as terong pungo (Solanum sp.) was used by Aceh community as traditional medicine for toothache. The objectives of this study were to isolate endophytic fungi from the leaves of terong pungo and determine the antibacterial activity of the fungi against bacteria causing dental caries and infection. Eight endophytic fungi were isolated. Antagonism test among the isolates was performed to select the most dominant fungus. TP6 was the selected fungus based on the antagonism assay. Crude extracts of the fungus were macerated from the culture broth using ethyl acetate. The strongest antibacterial activity of the extracts was obtained when the fungus was at 12 days of cultivation. The fungal crude extract was strongly active against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with inhibition zone diameter of 20, 21 and 23 mm, respectively.

STUDIES ON THE BREEDING STRUCTURE OF TREE SPECIES IN THE TROPICAL RAIN FOREST. I: FAMILY CLUMPS AND INTRAPOPULATION DIFFERENTIATION KAN-ICHI SAKAI
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology Vol. 1 No. 1 (1987)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

BreedingÂ structuresÂ ofÂ twoÂ tropicalÂ rainÂ forestÂ tree species,Â AltingiaÂ excelsaÂ inÂ JavaÂ andÂ Agathis borneensis inÂ KalimantanÂ wereÂ investigated.Â AssumingÂ thatÂ similarityÂ inÂ theÂ assortmentÂ patternÂ ofÂ the isoperoxidase bands tells genetic relationship between trees, on the one hand, and that inbreedingÂ increases smallerÂ valuesÂ ofÂ theÂ disagreementÂ counts,Â onÂ theÂ other,Â itÂ hasÂ beenÂ concluded thatÂ inbreedingÂ occurs considerably in Altingia excelsa and to some extent in Agathis borneensis. Finding that trees showing very low disagreement counts are located close to each other, they were grouped as an assumptive family. It was found that different families were quite dissimilar with respect to isoperoxideÂ constitution and in severalÂ leaf characters as well. The distance between two trees at which they can mate is estimated to be 16 to 18 meters or 16.5 meters and the area one family occupies is 200 to 250 m^, assuming that a family clump can be a breeding unit in Altingia excelsa, within which trees mate at random. Some families were distributed mixed with each other withinÂ the matingÂ distance,Â butÂ theyÂ wereÂ foundÂ stillÂ genetically differentiatedÂ fromÂ eachÂ other. This reproductiveÂ isolationÂ amongÂ familiesÂ isÂ interpretedÂ toÂ beÂ dueÂ toÂ geneticÂ differencesÂ betweenÂ familiesÂ in flowering time. In Agathis borneensis,Â there was no indication of family clump formation. Related trees may have been widely scattered in the forest, and the inbreeding of the species may be due to self-fertilization of individual trees and not to outcrossing between relatives.

PREOVULATORY CHANGES AND OVULATION IN CATTLE UNDERGOING SPONTANEOUS OR CLOPROSTENOL-INDUCED LUTEOLYSIS PURWANTARA, BAMBANG; H0IER, RENE; SCHMiDT, METTE; GREVE, TORBEN
BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 2 (2006): BIOTROPIA Vol. 13 No. 2 December 2006
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The follicular population, diameter of the ovulatory and subordinate follicles, corpus luteum (CL) size, concentration of progesterone and estradiol-17p were studied following spontaneous or cloprostenol-induced luteolysis. A total of 14 heifers received cloprostenol treatment on Day 9-11 of the cycle to synchronize their estrus. Subsequently, they were divided into two groups, one group which was allowed to undergo spontaneous luteolysis and the other group in which estrus was induced from days 9 to 12. In the induced-group, transrectal ultrasonography were performed daily started two days prior to injection until the onset of estrus. In the spontaneous-group, ultrasonography was done daily from day 15 until the onset of estrus. In both groups scanning were performed every 4 h from the onset of estrus until ovulation was ascertained. Small (SF, 2-4 mm), medium (MF.5-9 mm ) and large (LF,>9mm) size follicles were recorded. The diameter of largest and subordinate follicles were measured and blood were drawn from jugular vein at approximately around scanning and the plasma were used for measurement of progesterone (P4) and estradiol-17p (E2) concentration. There was no different in term of number of SF, MF and LF (P>0.05) between the two groups. Similarly, no effect of side (left vs. right ovary) and CL position (ipsi- vs contralateral to the ovary) was found (P>0.05). However, it was demonstrated that mean number of ovulatory follicles was higher (PO.01) in the spontaneously ovulating group while the regressing-CL size was larger in the cloprostenol induced animals (P

System Dynamics Modeling of Land Use Change in West Kalimantan, Indonesia Siregar, Pahrian Ganawira; Supriatna, Jatna; Koestoer, Raldi Hendro; Harmantyo, Djoko
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 2 August 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The main effects of human activities on the environment result in land use and land cover changes. Land overexploitation and development activities in West Kalimantan of Indonesia necessitated the focus of this research which aims to analyze and predict land use changes in West Kalimantan. The results of such a study assist researchers, planners, and policy makers to formulate suitable land use policies in the future in order to balance economic development and natural resource conservation. Moreover, it makes Indonesia shift from middle income to become a developed country in 2030. Methodology employs field observation, key informant interviews, focus group discussions, and system dynamics modeling. The field observation covered communities in several locations in the study site to identify patterns of land use. The system dynamics was applied to analyze the land use change system and estimate the extents of land cover change in the future. The study showed several outcomes: (i) The main leverage factors in the land use change system in West Kalimantan were the desire to reach the expected economic growth and the increased per capita consumption of edible oil globally; (ii) In the business-as-usual modeling, the increasing global demand for edible oil will lead to significant increment of oil palm plantation area, even the total area of plantation could be wider compared to that of the remaining forest area by 2030; (iii) Key interventions that need to be considered in the future is to conduct reforestation (with reforestation rate of at least 0.5% per year) and limited oil palm plantation development to a maximum of 50% of developed area.

EFFECTS OF SOIL STERILIZATION ON THE FORMATION AND FUNCTION OF TWO STRAINS OF PISOLITHUS TINCTORIUS ON EUCALYPTUS UROPHYLLA*) AGGANGAN, BERNIE DELL, NELLY S.
BIOTROPIA No. 8 (1995)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

To examine the effects of soil microbial population on mycorrhizal development and function, Eucalyptus urophylla seedlings were inoculated with two Pisolithus tinctorius isolates and grown in sterile, partly sterile and non-sterile soil. The two isolates of Pisolithus were an effective isolate (H445) collected from under eucalypts in Australia and an isolate (H615) collected from under eucalypts in the Philippines. Soils used were infertile acid soils collected from field sites in Pangasinan, Luzon and Surigao, Mindanao. In both soils, the Australian Pisolithus H445 improved the growth of E. urophylla seedlings more than Philippine isolate H615. The uninoculated seedlings exhibited stunted growth typical of P deficiency. Height at 8 weeks was significantly taller in sterile than in non-sterile soil. A significant interaction effect of inoculation and soil sterilization on height at harvest was observed only in Surigao soil. Soil sterilization had a varied effect on mycorrhizal formation. In Pangasinan soil, root colonization by H445 was significantly greater in non-sterile soil than in sterile soil. Whereas in Surigao soil, root colonization was significantly reduced by 54% from partly sterile to non-sterile soil. On the other hand, H615 showed significant mycorrhizal colonization in non-sterile soil compared from those in partly sterile and sterile soils. The degree of infection did not necessarily correspond to growth promotion in E. urophylla seedlings. These results indicate that the performance of the H445 was markedly affected by the microbial flora of the two soils. Thus, its potential use in the Philippines needs to be thoroughly tested in the field before its widespread use in any inoculation program. Key words: Pisolithus tinctorius/Laccaria fraterna/Pinus patula/Inoculum/Seedlings/Growth.

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA