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CBRNE Defense Studies
Published by Indonesian Scholar Society
ISSN : -     EISSN : 31645720     DOI : https://doi.org/10.55749/cds
Core Subject :
CBRNE Defense Studies (CDS) is a multidisciplinary peer-reviewed journal dedicated to the scientific, technical, and strategic aspects of defending against Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives threats. Our mission is to provide an integrated platform for disseminating research that enhances global security, operational readiness, and post-incident resilience through interdisciplinary innovation. The CDS journal welcomes original research and reviews in technical evaluations and strategic analyses in the following areas: Advancement of chemical sciences to detect, identify, and mitigate the risks posed by Chemical Warfare Agents (CWAs); studies in detection & identifications (chemical sensors), protective material sciences, decontamination & neutralization of radiological and nuclear elements, chemical forensics and toxicology, and high-energetics material. Bioscience Foundations (Molecular biology, microbiology, and immunology related to high-consequence pathogens and emerging infectious diseases), Medical Countermeasures (Innovation in the development of vaccines, therapeutics, and rapid diagnostics for biodefense), Biosurveillance and Detection (Advances in environmental sensing, genomic sequencing, and data analytics for early warning systems), Biosecurity and Policy (Analysis of dual-use research of concern, international bioweapons conventions, and national biodefense strategies), Biosafety and Risk Management (Best practices for laboratory safety, containment technologies, and agricultural biosecurity), Public Health Preparedness (Strategies for emergency response, crisis communication, and pandemic modeling).
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Articles 5 Documents
 1 
Microbial biofertilizer-induced fatty acid and squalene modulation for enhancing plant resilience under CBRNE-related abiotic stress Aditya; Mentari Putri Pratami; Minandre Wiratama; Nurhadiyanta
CBRNE Defense Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CBRNE Defense Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/cds.v1i1.166

Abstract

Abiotic stress is one of the main factors that cause a decline in plant growth and productivity. The use of microorganism-based biofertilizers can be an environmentally friendly alternative to enhance plant resistance to extreme environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the role of microorganisms in biofertilizers on the profile of fatty acids and squalene related to plant abiotic stress resistance. Metabolite analysis was carried out using a metabolomic approach and metabolic pathway mapping through the KEGG database. Identification results showed the presence of important compounds such as palmitic acid, oleic acid, stearic acid, phytol, squalene, alpha-tocopherol, stigmasterol, and sitosterol. These compounds play a role in cell membrane stability, antioxidant activity, and protection against oxidative stress. Pathway analysis shows the involvement of the Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchor biosynthesis pathway, which is related to membrane metabolism and the cellular response to environmental stress. The research results indicate that microorganisms in biofertilizers have the potential to enhance plant adaptation to abiotic stress through the regulation of lipid metabolism and the production of bioactive compounds. Thus, microorganism-based biofertilizers can be developed as an environmentally friendly alternative to support sustainable agriculture.
Characterization of bioactive compounds in NPK biofertilizer as a sustainable plant growth promoter to mitigate CBRN environmental and chemical risks Muhammad Arya Nurzabal; Mentari Putri Pratami Pratami; Nurhadiyanta
CBRNE Defense Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CBRNE Defense Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/cds.v1i1.167

Abstract

Metabolite analysis of NPK fertilizers based on biofertilizers was performed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) technique to identify the presence of bioactive compounds inside fertilizers. The identification of the metabolites revealed the presence of various metabolite compounds such as fatty acids, esters, alcohols, and sterol derivatives. Identified compounds were mapped using MetaboAnlayst and showed the association with steroid biosynthesis pathway. This pathway is associated with plant sterol, ergosterol, and brassinosteroid biosynthesis, which play roles in plant growth and soil microorganisms' activity. The existence of compounds like oleic acid and sterol derivatives indicates that NPK fertilizer can be utilized not only as a source of macronutrients but also as a biofertilizer that enhances soil biological activities and plant growth.
In vitro characterization of banana cultivar rejang responses to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense tropical race 4 for agricultural biosecurity risk assessment Putri Balqis; Nadya Farah; Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti; Fenny Martha Dwivany; Ristag Hamida
CBRNE Defense Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CBRNE Defense Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/cds.v1i1.174

Abstract

Fusarium oxysporum is a highly destructive soilborne pathogen comprising more than 100 host-specific strains (formae speciales), making it a significant biosecurity threat to many economically important crops, including tomato, melon, cotton, and banana. Its detrimental impact on agricultural productivity poses serious challenges to food security and the sustainability of major agricultural commodities. Understanding the infection mechanism of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4) and the defense responses of banana plants against this pathogen is essential for developing effective disease management strategies and enhancing resistance to Fusarium wilt. This study aimed to analyze the expression of the fungal virulance genes SIX6 and SIX9, as well as pathogenesis related genes PR-1 and PR-3, in the roots, corms, and leaves of banana plants infected with Foc TR4. The results showed that tissue-cultured banana cv. Rejang was highly susceptible to Foc TR4 infection. In this susceptible cultivar, the expression of pathogenesis-related genes (PR-1 and PR-1) was markedly elevated in roots in response to the expression of virulence expressing genes (SIX6 and SIX9), whereas lower expression levels were observed in corms and leaves. These findings provide valuable insights into the interaction between Foc TR4 and banana defense mechanisms and may serve as a foundation for the development of Fusarium wilt-resistant banana cultivars, thereby contributing to agricultural biosecurity and food security.
Differential expression of flavone synthase in Bidens pilosa tissues and its relevance to antioxidant-based CBRNE mitigation strategies Nadift Maulica Intani; Geby Anisa Stephania; Mentari Putri Pratami
CBRNE Defense Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CBRNE Defense Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/cds.v1i1.181

Abstract

Flavone synthase (FNS) is a key enzyme involved in the conversion of flavanones into flavones, a class of secondary metabolites that contribute to plant defense through their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties. These bioactive compounds play an important role in mitigating oxidative stress induced by environmental factors, including ultraviolet (UV) radiation and other stressors relevant to Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosives (CBRNE) scenarios. Bidens pilosa L. is a herbaceous plant recognized for its rich flavonoid content, particularly in its leaves and stems, making it a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals. This study aimed to evaluate tissue-specific FNS gene expression in B. pilosa to assess its flavonoid biosynthetic potential and its prospective relevance to CBRNE protective phytotechnology. Total RNA was isolated from fresh leaf and stem tissues using the phenol–chloroform method, followed by cDNA synthesis through reverse transcription. Gene expression analysis was conducted using real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR), with FNS as the target gene and actin as the reference gene. The results revealed differential FNS expression between leaf and stem tissues, indicating variations in flavonoid biosynthesis and potential flavonoid accumulation. These findings provide a molecular basis for evaluating flavonoid-producing capacity in B. pilosa and support the exploration of plant-derived antioxidant resources for future applications in protective phytotechnology and resilience against oxidative stress associated with CBRNE-related environmental challenges.
Chemical warfare agent toxicology at the intersection of science and defense: a review of sarin and lewisite Thessa Octavia Joyetta Tarigan; Tiara Rizki Yulita; Robith Alzamzami; Zidni Aghna Haqina; Cinta Cornelia Damai Santi; Rahmat Basuki; Nugroho Adi Sasongko
CBRNE Defense Studies Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): CBRNE Defense Studies, Vol. 1 No. 1, June 2026
Publisher : Indonesian Scholar Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.55749/cds.v1i1.187

Abstract

Chemical warfare agents (CWAs) remain a significant threat to military personnel, civilian populations, and public health systems due to their high toxicity and potential for mass casualties. This review compares the toxicological characteristics of sarin, a representative organophosphorus nerve agent, and Lewisite, an organoarsenic vesicant agent. Sarin exerts its toxicity primarily through irreversible inhibition of acetylcholinesterase, resulting in excessive accumulation of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses and the development of acute cholinergic crisis characterized by miosis, bronchoconstriction, muscle fasciculations, seizures, respiratory failure, and death. In contrast, Lewisite induces cellular injury through the interaction of arsenic moieties with sulfhydryl-containing enzymes and proteins, disrupting essential metabolic pathways and leading to oxidative stress, tissue necrosis, vesication, respiratory injury, and systemic organ damage. The review discusses the physicochemical properties, toxicokinetics, biochemical mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, and medical management strategies associated with both agents. Historical incidents involving sarin and Lewisite are also examined to illustrate their operational significance and the challenges they pose to emergency preparedness and disaster response. Despite differences in their molecular targets and pathophysiological effects, both agents present substantial risks due to their rapid onset of toxicity and potential to overwhelm healthcare systems during large-scale exposures. A comprehensive understanding of these mechanisms is essential for improving risk assessment, clinical management, medical countermeasure development, and preparedness against chemical threats.

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