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Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 29642930     EISSN : 29643317     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.21111/jocrise
Core Subject :
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economic (JOCRISE) is focused on the reviews of related problems in critical realism open to the methodological moral inclusiveness of diverse issues and problems on the socio-economics domain. Scope Theory of critical realism; Theory of unity of knowledge; Application the theory of critical realism to socio-economics; Theory of social ontology and applications; From Ontology to Epstimology and phenomenology; Pertaining to socio-scientific problems; Theory of multidisciplinary wellbeing of moral inclusiveness in science; Evolutionary learning behavior and inter-variate circular causation in simulating wellbeing; religion and science methodological worldview of unity of knowledge; Philosophy of religion and science in socio-economics; sustainability in respect of a comprehensive objective criterion of wellbeing; Climate change by socio-economic transformation for the commod good; Poverty Alleviation and socio-economic restructuring; Consciousness in socio-scientific structures and choice; Pervasively parcipatory socio-economic development.
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Articles 82 Documents
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Project Free-B: how investigating the socio-economic metabolism of rentier capitalism holds the key to sustainable socio-ecological wellbeing Koenraad Priels
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): KNOWLEDGE AND CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i01.74

Abstract

The purpose of this paper, is to demonstrate how capitalism as a system, is not required for the real economy but in fact, constitutes a parasitic superstructure that is causing socio-ecological necrosis. Consequently, credible systemic solutions to our global social and ecological crises should integrate sound awareness of pathological structures that are detrimental to a healthy socio-economic metabolism. As critical realism results in ethical imperatives from these findings, prosocial orthosociology presents systemic solutions. Project Free-B offers the possibility for a global interest-free financial system, beyond the need for the BIS-central banking system. The current global interest-banking system under BIS-regulation should be abolished as an institutionalised criminal system. On scrutiny, it proves to be socio-ecologically destructive by design and hence, constitutes a systemic violation of human rights.
The Benefits of Belief in God in Mathematics Joseph Mark Haykov
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 01 (2024): KNOWLEDGE AND CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i01.76

Abstract

In this paper, we revisit Blaise Pascal's famous wager and explore its implications for belief in God, particularly through the lens of probability theory. While Pascal's Wager has been widely discussed in philosophical and theological circles, we approach this challenge from a distinctly different perspective. Our backgrounds are in mathematical economics, finance, and computer science, with extensive experience applying mathematics—particularly probability theory—to real-world problems in financial markets, specifically in the domain of statistical arbitrage on Wall Street. Over the past 30 years, we have developed a deep understanding of probability not as an abstract mathematical tool, but as a concrete and practical method for managing uncertainty in financial systems. In this paper, we apply similar probabilistic reasoning to the question of belief in God. Our conclusion can be summarized by an adaptation of the logical principle: "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth." — Arthur Conan Doyle, The Sign of the Four
Reprint of ‘The Myth of a Normal Muslim: ‘Aql, Taklīf, and New Islamic Approaches to Neurodivergence’ Naba Ul-Alam Choudhury
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): UNITY STRUCTURE OF LEGO-WORLD
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i02.77

Abstract

This paper explores the intersection of Islamic concepts, such as ‘aql (intellect) and taklīf (legal responsibility), with the experiences of neurodivergent individuals, particularly those with autism. It argues for a re-evaluation of traditional Islamic understandings of disability to incorporate modern perspectives on neurodiversity. The research highlights that high-functioning autistic individuals possess the capacity to engage with religious obligations and that Islamic practices can be adapted to accommodate their unique needs. By advocating for an inclusive approach, the paper calls for a dialogue between classical Islamic jurisprudence and contemporary insights into neurodiversity, aiming to foster a supportive environment for neurodivergent Muslims within their communities. Ultimately, it seeks to provide a framework for understanding neurodiversity through an Islamic lens, promoting both spiritual engagement and social inclusion.Editorial Notes:A publisher’s error resulted in this article appearing in the wrong issue. The article is reprinted here for the reader’s convenience and for the continuity of this issue. This article is a reprint of a previously published article. For citation purposes, please use the original publication details; Choudhury , N. U.-A. (2024). P. 43-67
Nozick on Geographical Regulations: A Critique Walter E. Block Block
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): UNITY STRUCTURE OF LEGO-WORLD
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i02.78

Abstract

Nozick claims that under free enterprise, it would be possible for a malevolent very rich person to buy up land surrounding his enemy, and not allow outside of this barrier, and to prevent anyone else travelling within it. Thus, this target would be cut off from all trade and interaction with anyone else. In effect, this would constitute legalized murder. The logical implication of this critique of laissez faire capitalism, this “market failure” would be that the government ought to pass a law preventing this type of encirclement.
Pascal’s Wager and Theory-Induced Blindness Joseph Mark Haykov
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): UNITY STRUCTURE OF LEGO-WORLD
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i02.79

Abstract

Pascal’s Wager asserts that, based on the descriptions of God in the Bible, an individual is better off believing in the New Testament God than not. This God, referred to as Yahweh in the Torah and as Allah in the Quran, provides a consistent concept of the Biblical God across these texts. Pascal suggests that the hypothesis that the Biblical God is real could turn out to be true. According to the New Testament, Torah, and Quran, it is more beneficial to believe in God than not. From this shared viewpoint, belief leads to heaven, while disbelief, by definition, does not result in heavenly rewards. However, Pascal’s Wager has historically not been taken seriously due to theory-induced blindness. This paper explores this concept in more detail. This paper explores theory-induced blindness as a cognitive bias that influences rational decision-making, particularly in religious and philosophical contexts. By examining its foundations in cognitive psychology, mathematical logic, and set theory, this study highlights the role of implicit axioms in shaping belief systems. It further critiques the dual-hypothesis approach of Pascal’s Wager and discusses its limitations. Through interdisciplinary analysis, this paper demonstrates how unrecognized assumptions can distort logical reasoning, thereby questioning the validity of Pascal’s proposition and its broader implications in decision theory.
Money, Market and Systemic Causes of Poverty and Deprivation Hifzur Rab
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): UNITY STRUCTURE OF LEGO-WORLD
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i02.80

Abstract

Real causes of growing poverty and deprivation are dominance of interest driven money depreciating capitalism and accounting in nominal terms. The system causes market failure in determination of just and efficient prices. These cause most of the surplus produced to be assigned to capital at the cost of share that goes to human capital especially the labour, while monetary depreciation (inflation) continues to eat away saving of the commoners. The system keeps prices of products and wages of the unorganised sector/developing and under developed countries relatively cheaper. Resultant concentration of wealth and power in hands of the rich/ developed countries allows them to ensure that favourable policies and programmes are adopted.  These factors reinforce one other and even foreign trade lead to massive systemic transfer of wealth from poor and poor countries to the rich and developed countries. Massive transfer of wealth from poor to rich and from poor countries to rich countries keeps poverty and deprivation growing disregarding various poverty alleviation programmes worldwide. Dominance of this system together with failure of Islamic scholars to comprehend and address these problems especially monetary manipulation has compromised Islamic economic system that fails to manifest its truly just and efficient character
BOOK REVIEW: AFTER THE EXODUS: Gender and Belonging in Bangladesh’s Rohingya Refugee Camps Farhana Rahman
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 02 (2025): UNITY STRUCTURE OF LEGO-WORLD
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i02.81

Abstract

After the Exodus examines how forced migration of the Rohingya from Myanmar to Bangladesh has affected the gendered subjectivities and lived experiences of Rohingya refugee women, and transformed gender relations and roles in displacement. Based on 14 months of feminist ethnographic fieldwork in Bangladesh’s KutupalongBalukhali refugee camp in 2017 and 2018, the book uncovers the everyday strategies employed by refugee women to create a sense of belonging and to make a life for themselves after forced migration. Rohingya women adapt to camp life by negotiating marriage and intimate experiences, adjusting to changing gender divisions of labour, and navigating encounters with humanitarian aid agencies and male camp leaders. These women strategically bargain shifting power relations to reconstruct their lives in displacement, thereby reclaiming agency and asserting their identity through the spaces they create, inhabit, and reshape; the coping mechanisms they employ; and the bonds of kinship and community they forge.Farhana Afrin Rahman is currently a Leverhulme Early Career Fellow and Isaac Newton Trust Fellow at the Department of Politicsand International Studies, University of Cambridge, and a Junior Research Fellow at Wolfson College, Cambridge. Her research interests include gender, refugees and forced migration, international development, lived experiences, and violence and conflict, amongst others
The Dual Mandate: Profit And Public Good In Pharmaceutical Corporations : A Critical Realist Perspective Mukhtar Ahmed
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): THE QUESTION OF UNIVERSALITY AND UNIQUENESS IN CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i03.82

Abstract

This study explores the enduring conflict between profit motives and public health responsibilities in pharmaceutical corporations through a critical realist lens. It aims to reveal how corporate behaviors, such as pricing strategies and CSR initiatives are not random but deeply shaped by systemic capitalist structures and regulatory frameworks. Utilizing critical realism’s layered ontology (empirical, actual, and real), the analysis highlights how surface practices are driven by underlying economic imperatives, investor pressures, and intellectual property regimes. Case studies on insulin pricing and COVID-19 vaccine access demonstrate the challenges corporations face in balancing innovation with equitable healthcare delivery. Findings indicate that although some firms attempt to align business goals with societal needs, the dominant structures favor short-term profitability over long-term public benefit. The research argues that incremental reforms are insufficient and recommends systemic strategies, including patent law revisions, alternative financing mechanisms, and the incorporation of social impact metrics in corporate evaluations. By addressing root causes rather than symptoms, pharmaceutical corporations can better fulfill their dual mandate, ensuring both sustainable innovation and broader healthcare equity. A critical realist perspective thus provides a deeper understanding of why tensions persist and how more transformative changes can be achieved
Psychopathic Capture within Financial Capitalism: Albert Dunlap, Scott Paper, and Sunbeam Corporation Clive Boddy
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): THE QUESTION OF UNIVERSALITY AND UNIQUENESS IN CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i03.83

Abstract

This paper aims to explore the concept of ‘psychopathic capture’ within shareholder capitalism by examining the rise and fall of Albert Dunlap, one of the most self-congratulatory and media-applauded heroes of 20th-century capitalism. A historical analysis via a literature review of academic commentary on Albert Dunlap was undertaken. Additionally, Dunlap’s writings, press coverage, and reports from journalists who interviewed Dunlap was examined. The findings of this research: Dunlap’s tenure as CEO at Scott Paper and then Sunbeam Corporation saw him actively decreasing and eliminating the means of production by closing factories and making thousands of people redundant across the USA and elsewhere. Rather than building long-term capital, he destroyed it and was praised to the point of hero worship by the financial sector and rewarded for his destructiveness. This current paper demonstrates that ‘psychopathic capture’ exists within capitalism. Dunlap was psychopathic in his attitudes and behavior, and he captured (took over) the leadership of Sunbeam Corporation for at least two years. The results were psychopathic in that wealth was destroyed; employees were ruthlessly devalued, abused, and bullied, careers were ended, and shareholders were eventually impoverished. This is the first paper to specifically examine Priels’ idea of ‘psychopathic capture’ in relation to a detailed example from organizational history.
The Financial Architecture of Systemic Ecocide and Genocide: Investigating Systemic Criminality and Institutional Failure in Flanders Koenraad Priels
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): THE QUESTION OF UNIVERSALITY AND UNIQUENESS IN CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i03.84

Abstract

The global financial architecture proves to be a fundamental systemic driver of the currently escalating planetary polycrisis, causing enormous systemic risk by financial instability, economical inefficiency, increasing social inequalities, ecological overshoot and geopolitical tensions. This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of systemic criminality and institutional failure in Flanders, focusing on the global banking system's role in perpetuating systemic ecocide and genocide. Drawing on empirical evidence from Werner's research on bank money creation, Gauvin & Dominguez's mathematical demonstration of monetary system instability and documented regulatory failures, we expose a pattern of institutional protection mechanisms in Flemish regulatory bodies and academic institutions. The paper culminates in a groundbreaking legal complaint filed with the Belgian Public Prosecutor, invoking the new Belgian Ecocide Law to challenge the current financial system's legality. This research demonstrates how Flemish institutions actively perpetuate a criminal system that generates approximately €15 trillion in annual interest payments globally, forcing 3.3 billion people to live in countries spending more on interest than education.

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