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Ahmad Havid Jakiyuddin
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Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics
Published by Universitas Darussalam Gontor
ISSN : 29642930     EISSN : 29643317     DOI : https://www.doi.org/10.21111/jocrise
Core Subject :
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economic (JOCRISE) is focused on the reviews of related problems in critical realism open to the methodological moral inclusiveness of diverse issues and problems on the socio-economics domain. Scope Theory of critical realism; Theory of unity of knowledge; Application the theory of critical realism to socio-economics; Theory of social ontology and applications; From Ontology to Epstimology and phenomenology; Pertaining to socio-scientific problems; Theory of multidisciplinary wellbeing of moral inclusiveness in science; Evolutionary learning behavior and inter-variate circular causation in simulating wellbeing; religion and science methodological worldview of unity of knowledge; Philosophy of religion and science in socio-economics; sustainability in respect of a comprehensive objective criterion of wellbeing; Climate change by socio-economic transformation for the commod good; Poverty Alleviation and socio-economic restructuring; Consciousness in socio-scientific structures and choice; Pervasively parcipatory socio-economic development.
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Articles 82 Documents
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Islamic Communication: A Critical Realist Perspective Muhammad Taqiyuddin
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 03 (2025): THE QUESTION OF UNIVERSALITY AND UNIQUENESS IN CRITICAL REALISM
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i03.85

Abstract

In this paper, I explore Islamic communication through a critical realist lens, aiming to enhance the understanding of its principles and applications in contemporary society. The research addresses how critical realism can be utilized to tackle modern challenges in Islamic communication, focusing on three key areas: the conceptualization of Islamic communication within critical realism, the practical implications for contemporary media, and the strategies for addressing intercultural communication challenges. Employing a qualitative methodology that includes theoretical analysis and case studies, I identify significant gaps in the existing literature and propose solutions to bridge these gaps. My findings reveal that integrating critical realism into Islamic communication theory enriches its framework, facilitates the development of practical media applications, and offers valuable strategies for enhancing intercultural communication. This study contributes to a more nuanced understanding of Islamic communication and suggests avenues for future research.
It Is Time, It Is Past Time, To Resolve The Abortion Debate Walter E. Block
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): DISCUSSION ON QUR’ANIC NATURE OF MONEY
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i04.86

Abstract

Debates over bodily autonomy and abortion often polarize between pro-choice and pro-life positions. “Evictionism” offers a third perspective, framing pregnancy through the lens of property rights and bodily sovereignty: a woman has full ownership of her body, and a fetus is considered an innocent but unauthorized occupant. This study explores evictionism within a critical realist paradigm, recognizing the layered reality of biological processes, social structures, and technological possibilities. It situates the argument in socio-economic contexts where access to reproductive healthcare, legal frameworks, and medical technology shape women’s autonomy and fetal viability. Using a critical realist approach, this research employs theoretical analysis and socio-economic contextualization. The study identifies ontological layers of pregnancy (biological, legal, and cultural), explores causal mechanisms (property rights discourse, medical technologies enabling fetal survival, and social norms), and evaluates agency-structure interactions. Data are drawn from legal texts, bioethical literature, and socio-economic reports on reproductive healthcare access. The methodology emphasizes retroduction to uncover underlying mechanisms and assesses how technology and policy mediate ethical positions on evictionism. Findings indicate that evictionism functions as a contingent ethical framework, deeply dependent on material conditions. In socio-economic settings with advanced neonatal care, evictionism converges with pro-life outcomes in late-term pregnancies while maintaining bodily autonomy. In contexts with limited healthcare infrastructure, evictionism’s overlap with pro-choice outcomes becomes pronounced due to technological constraints. The analysis reveals that bodily autonomy cannot be abstracted from socio-economic realities and power structures. Critical realism highlights evictionism’s emancipatory potential while cautioning against reducing bodily integrity to property metaphors without addressing systemic inequalities.
Social Networks and Legal Transfers: A Study on the Contractual Relations of Afghan Taxi Drivers Nafay Choudhury
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): DISCUSSION ON QUR’ANIC NATURE OF MONEY
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i04.87

Abstract

This study examines the phenomenon of legal transfers in developing countries through the lens of social network analysis, using the case of Afghan taxi drivers to explore the interaction between formal legal reforms and embedded social norms. Drawing on field research conducted in Kabul, the paper investigates how taxi drivers conduct their contractual affairs in the context of a weak formal legal system. Despite significant international efforts to transplant formal contract law regimes and strengthen judicial institutions in Afghanistan, the findings reveal that formal law plays a minimal role in regulating everyday transactions. Instead, drivers rely heavily on social networks—particularly guarantors—whose legitimacy stems not from state authority, but from trust and reputation within the community. Intriguingly, these guarantors increasingly include government-affiliated individuals, whose bureaucratic registration makes them traceable and thus pragmatically valuable, while still operating within informal norms. The paper argues that rather than replacing traditional norms, legal reforms have been absorbed into existing social networks, resulting in a hybrid regulatory model. This underscores the resilience of local social structures and challenges conventional assumptions in law and development discourse that equate legal reform with normative transformation. By introducing social network analysis into legal transfer studies, the paper provides a more nuanced framework to understand how legal ideas are localized, reinterpreted, or resisted. The study ultimately advocates for greater contextual sensitivity in assessing the impact of legal transfers, recognizing that recipient environments are governed not merely by legal institutions but by complex webs of interpersonal relationships and social meaning.
Debt And Riba Avoidance In The 100% Reserve Requirement Monetary System: A TSR Perspective On Sustainable Complementarities Mustafa Kamal
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): DISCUSSION ON QUR’ANIC NATURE OF MONEY
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i04.88

Abstract

This paper explores the systemic roots of debt and riba (interest) in conventional monetary systems and presents a morally grounded alternative based on the Tawhidi String Relations (TSR) framework. Within the prevailing fractional reserve system, money creation through debt issuance has led to financial instability, speculative cycles, and wealth concentration—dynamics that conflict with the foundational principles of Islamic economics, particularly the prohibition of riba and the imperative for distributive justice. In response, the paper proposes a 100% reserve requirement monetary system that aligns with TSR’s epistemology of unity (tawhid), emphasizing complementarity between ethics, economic institutions, and real sector activities. The study argues that under the TSR framework, money is not a neutral tool but a moral instrument tied to real value creation and governed by ethical purpose. Through the principles of circular causation and knowledge-ethics-action integration, the full reserve system facilitates participatory finance, eliminates the structural basis for riba, and enhances financial inclusion and macroeconomic stability. Banks are reconceptualized as ethical intermediaries operating through profit-and-loss sharing contracts, while investments are directed toward socially beneficial and risk-shared ventures. Supported by both theoretical rigor and empirical evidence, this paradigm offers a holistic, sustainable, and shari‘ah-compliant alternative to debt-based finance. Ultimately, the TSR-aligned full reserve model offers not only a monetary reform, but a civilizational shift toward a justice-oriented Islamic economic order.
Monetary Policy in Debt System and in Risk-Sharing System Abbas Mirakhor
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): DISCUSSION ON QUR’ANIC NATURE OF MONEY
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i04.89

Abstract

This paper critically examines the operations of monetary policy within two fundamentally contrasting financial architectures: the interest-based debt system and the equity-based risk-sharing system. Drawing upon recent global financial developments—particularly the debt distress and monetary tightening episodes of the 2020s—it highlights how conventional monetary policy, centered on interest rate manipulation and fractional reserve banking (FRB), has led to excessive global indebtedness, financial fragility, and widening socioeconomic inequality. The study underscores that in debt-driven systems, monetary expansion often results in wealth concentration among rentier classes and creates systemic moral hazards, whereby financial institutions are shielded from the consequences of their risk-taking behavior through government guarantees and bailouts. In contrast, the risk-sharing model rooted in Islamic economic principles offers a fundamentally different monetary architecture. It proposes a financial system that is closely integrated with the real economy, free from interest-based debt, and governed by participatory contracts such as mudarabah and musharakah. Monetary policy in this system relies on asset-backed, equity-based instruments that align public and private sector incentives, enhance financial inclusion, and promote macroeconomic stability without reliance on pro-cyclical interest rate tools. The paper concludes that transitioning toward a risk-sharing framework presents a viable alternative to the debt-based monetary paradigm, not only in theory but as a necessary step toward achieving long-term sustainability, equitable growth, and resilience against future financial crises.
BOOK REVIEW: NOBEL LAUREATE PROFESSOR DR. MUHAMMAD YUNUS, (2017). A WORLD OF THREE ZEROS, THE NEW ECONOMICS OF ZERO POVERTY, ZERO UNEMPLOYMENT AND ZERO NET CARBON EMISSIONS. Masud Choudhury
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 3 No. 04 (2025): DISCUSSION ON QUR’ANIC NATURE OF MONEY
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v3i04.90

Abstract

This book review critically examines A World of Three Zeros by Nobel Laureate Professor Muhammad Yunus, which advocates for a new economic paradigm centered on zero poverty, zero unemployment, and zero net carbon emissions through the model of social business. While Yunus proposes social business as a moral and practical alternative to profit-maximizing capitalism, the review highlights key limitations in his framework. It notes the lack of epistemological depth and systemic methodological rigor in challenging entrenched capitalist structures. Moreover, while Yunus emphasizes microcredit and entrepreneurship, he under-theorizes the institutional transformation necessary to sustain a global order of social business. The book's optimism about technological change and development partnerships with capitalist entities also reveals contradictions in its critique of neoliberal economics. The reviewer introduces an alternative worldview based on the episteme of Tawhid and critical realism, advocating for a consciousness-based civilization rooted in unity of knowledge, justice, and moral purpose. Through diagrams and conceptual models, the review suggests that Yunus’s vision, though morally appealing, lacks the structural, philosophical, and theological grounding needed to realize sustainable transformation. A more coherent socio-economic alternative would require integrating ethics, consciousness, and systemic complementarity into the heart of development discourse.
The Advantages of Free Trade Over Tariffs Emmanuel M. Asprodites; Walter E. Block
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Supercardinal Accountability of Allah, Heaven, and Earth
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v4i1.92

Abstract

The term paper examines the historic conflict between protectionism and free trade, arguing that unilateral free trade is the superior economic policy. While tariffs are traditionally justified as tools to guard home industries and protect jobs, economic theory and existing evidence confirm that such protectionist behavior ultimately reduces economic efficiency, raises consumer prices, and hurts long-run growth. Drawing from the initial theories of David Ricardo and Adam Smith and Austrian economists today, the paper describes how open markets, specialization, and comparative advantage provide a win-win scenario for trading nations. Historical evidence from case studies like Britain's post-Corn Laws period and the East Asian export-led growth is testimony that countries thrive if free trade is permitted. Lastly, the evidence is in favor of the argument that free trade is not just economically optimal but also ethical, and should be embraced as a means to greater prosperity and global development.
A Critical Realist Proposal on Planetary Oneness Paradigm Rodney Shakespeare
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 4 No. 02 (2026): Computing Consciousness
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v4i02.94

Abstract

A major paradigm is the civilizational understanding of reality that dictates everyday life; thus, a paradigm shift is of immense significance. This paper presents large-scale research into the factors contributing to such shifts, resulting in the "Planetary Oneness Paradigm." This framework embodies universal unity and interconnectedness, challenging today’s mainstream reductionist understanding, which is outdated, inaccurate, and static. The paper investigates the historical roots of our current crisis, beginning with the geocentric Ptolemaic paradigm. That view established an authoritarian "Divine Right" for rulers and granted humans planetary dominion as "God’s Children." The first paradigm shift, the Copernican Revolution, introduced a heliocentric universe, undermining authoritarianism while maintaining human status. The second shift, Darwinism, reframed humans as one species among many engaged in a struggle for survival. This, alongside the rise of Homo economicus, summarized life as "Survival of the Fittest," fueling aggression, colonialism, and environmental depredation. Concurrently, mainstream economics consolidated fundamental assumptions that the Industrial Revolution had already rendered false. This research identifies 59 such false assumptions and discovers that their opposites are true. These true opposites form the components of a third paradigm shift: a Shared World View. This view unifies Science and Religion, offering practical solutions to seemingly insoluble global problems—including universal basic income, wide capital ownership, and voluntary population stabilization. By changing material circumstances, this paradigm enables the evolution of a selfish Homo economicus into an environmentally responsible Homo co-operans, providing genuine hope for the future.
What is Scientific Reality? Mohammad Shahadat Hossain
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Supercardinal Accountability of Allah, Heaven, and Earth
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v4i1.96

Abstract

Scientific progress in AI, Big Data, and FINTECH has revolutionized human life but also intensified inequality, surveillance, and ecological crises. This paper argues that such contradictions arise from modern science’s separation of morality from materiality. It advances the Law of Unity of Knowledge, integrating ethical consciousness (“being”) with empirical reality (“becoming”) through circular causation. The framework, rooted in insights from Einstein, Hawking, Whitehead, and Imam Ghazali, culminates in a Wellbeing Function that links sustainability to moral-material complementarity. Applications include ethical AI in healthcare and Qur’ānic principles of trusteeship in agriculture, redefining scientific reality as holistic, ethical, and transformative
BOOK REVIEW: Principal Model of Divergence In Increasing Inequality In Thomas Piketty (Translated By Arthur Goldhammer). Capital In The Twenty-First Century. The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press Cambridge, Massachusetts London, England 2014. Masud Choudhury
Journal of Critical Realism in Socio-Economics (JOCRISE) Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Supercardinal Accountability of Allah, Heaven, and Earth
Publisher : Universitas Darussalam Gontor Press

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21111/jocrise.v4i1.102

Abstract

The section towards the end is a focused extract from the above masterpiece by Thomas Picketty. The question raised in this partial book review is that the current egalitarian expectation of Islamic Economics, Finance, and Social Contract by shari’ah scholars is untenable in a market economy. Thereby, only an abounding rich and enforcing policy mechanism of non-democratic states can provide exogenously power-structure of such countries to institutionalize Islamic socio-economic enforcement structure, while avoiding the endogenous market process. Yet it is the latter socio-economic structure that induces the most central driving force of the Islamic worldview. That is, the endogenous induction of essential qur’anic knowledge of unity of knowledge, explained by the socio-economic structure of participated complementary in the order of ‘everything’. The qur’anic overarching meaning of maqasid as-shari’ah as the DIVINE WAY is invoked and implicated as the Law of Tawhid. This is explained and continuously sustained as the universal law of unity of knowledge induced by consciousness in ‘everything’, That is the unifying structure of pairing as the regenerative structure of ‘pairing’ in ‘everything’.

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