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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 34 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 44, No 01 (2012)" : 34 Documents clear
The droplet size changes of 1% propofol before and after the storage procedure for 6 and 24 hours periods Basuki Rahmat Bambang Suryono S Djayanti Sari
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is a popular anesthetic agent for induction and anestheticmaintenance. Propofol preparation is formulated as a lipid macroemulsion that is thermodynamicallyunstable and degraded over time, causing the enlargement of droplet size. The degradation is fasterwhen propofol emulsion preparation package has been opened. This droplet enlargement results indecreasing propofol releasing-rate and its concentration. The risk of embolism occurs whenever themean droplet size (MDS) exceeds Food and Drug Administration (FDA) limit (<0.45) and fat globulepopulation percentage >5 m (PFAT5) is <0.05%. In the daily practice, some propofol emulsionpreparation are often used although they are already opened and saved more than 24 hours. The aimof this study was to evaluate the droplet size changes of propofol emulsion preparation duringstorage. This was an observational study using cohort prospective design. The droplet size changesof sixteen propofol preparation samples were evaluated before and after storage procedure for 6 and24 hours in the refrigerator at the temperature of 4ºC. The droplet diameter was determined under alight microscope. Mean droplet size before and after storage were calculated and analyzed by oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s post hoc test with 95% confidence interval(p<0.05). The droplet diameter of propofol emulsion preparation increased significantly (p<0.05)after storage procedure for 6 h (MDS value were: 247 ± 22 nm) and 24 h (278 ± 29 nm) comparedto before storage (225 ± 24 nm). The PFAT5 at each interval time was 0%. There was no color andhomogeneity changing at each interval time (n=16/100% each time interval). In conclusion, there isa change of propofol emulsion preparation droplet size after storage procedure for 6 to 24 hours attemperature of 4ºC compared to before storage.
The relationship between vitamin A and ferritin towards malondialdehyde level among Javanese male smokers Ajeng Viska Icanervilia; . Sunarti; Ahmad Hamim Sadewa
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Cigarette smokes produce a large number of oxidants and promote secretion of ferritin byalveolar macrophages which are potential to encourage the lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde(MDA) is used as a parameter of lipid peroxidation. The study was aimed to evaluate therelationship between blood level of vitamin A and ferritin and MDA among Javanese malesmokers. Sixty men who lived in Purworejo District, Central Java, Indonesia comprising 30smokers as case group and 30 nonsmokers as control group were involved in this study. Bloodsample was obtained from cubiti vein and then centrifuged to obtain plasma or serum. Blood levelsof vitamin A, ferritin and MDA were measured by HPLC, ELISA and spectrophotometric methods,respectively. The result showed that the blood vitamin A, ferritin, and MDA levels in smokers were25.09±9.51μg/dL, 35.50±24.17ng/dL, 1.15±0.42μg/L, respectively, whereas in non smokers, theywere 26.11±9.19 μg/dL, 38.60±15.25 ng/dL, 1.06±0.50 μg/L, respectively. Therewas no significantdifference of the blood vitamin A, ferritin, and MDA levels between smokers and the non smokers(p>0.05). The linear regression analysis indicated that there was negative relationship betweenblood vitamin A and MDA levels although it was not significant (p=0.052), while blood ferritin andMDA levels had a significantly positive relationship (p=0.010). In conclusion, the low level of bloodvitamin A among cigarette smokers does not lead to high blood MDA level, while high level of bloodferritin among smokers leads to high blood MDA level. 
Comparison of postthawing sperm motility recovery between cryopreserved with and without cryoprotective agent using 4 different cryopreservationmethods Hilwah Nora Shofwal Widad Irwan Taufiqur Rachman
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Frozen-thawed human spermatozoa are routinely used for many assisted reproduction program.However, cryopreserved spermatozoa was reported to yield lower pregnancy rates compared tofresh semen in both intra uterine inseminations and in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperminjection (IVF/ICSI) due to the reduction of sperm motility and viability induced by cryopreservationprocedures. This study was aimed to evaluate the influence of cryoprotective agent (CPA) andcryopreservation methods on human sperm motility. This was a quasi experimental study. Thirtyseven normozoospermic semen samples collected in Permata Hati Infertility Clinics of Dr. SardjitoGeneral Hospital, Yogyakarta were recruited. Four different cryopreservation methods were appliedusing and without CPA (TEST-yolk buffer). In simple two steps freezing, cryostraw were graduallyfrozen from 8 to -4°C. In simple graduated freezing, cryostraus were directly frozen at -4°C. Invapor phase freezing method, the samples in cryostraw were placed 1 cm above liquid nitrogen.In the last method, the samples were directly submerged into liquid nitrogen. Thawing wasconducted by incubation at 37°C for 5 minutes. The sperm motility recovery after cryopreservationin the 4 different cryopreservation methods was evaluated and analyzed by analysis of variance(ANOVA). The fresh sperm motility before cryopreservation was 52.9 ± 4.50%. The recovery ofmotile sperms was 17.00 ± 7.83%, 20.96 ± 5.81%, 15.06 ± 8.55% and 15.68 ± 8.3%, whenusing CPA and 5.63 ± 4.63%, 5.47 ± 3.95%, 4.45 ± 4.46% and 6.08 ± 5.06% when withoutCPA following direct plunge to liquid nitrogen freezing, vapor liquid nitrogen freezing, simplegraduated freezing and simple 2-steps freezing, respectively. Among methods using CPA, thevapor phase method resulted in highest sperm motility recovery. In methods without CPA, nosignificant difference of sperm motility recovery was observed among the 4 differentcryopreservation methods. In conclusion, the use of CPA for cryopreservation improves spermmotility recovery.
The relationship between body mass index (BMI) with the distance of the skin-epidural space in 3rd and 4th lumbar epidural anesthesia in nonobstetric surgery of Indonesian patients Agung Sutrisno Yusmein Uyun Sri Rahardjo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Skin to epidural space distance varies in an insertion of epidural needle which can greatly affectthe identification of the epidural space and epidural anesthesia complications. Therefore, acareful prediction of skin to epidural space distance is needed in doing insertions. The purposeof this study was to evaluate the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and the distanceof skin to the epidural space in the 3rd – 4th lumbar epidural anesthesia in nonobstetric surgery ofIndonesian patients. This was a prospective observational study with cross sectional designinvolving patients of both sexes between the age 18-65 years with ASA physical status I-II whounderwent non obstetric surgery with 3rd-4th lumbar epidural anesthesia in Dr. Sardjito GeneralHospital, Yogyakarta and in Satellite Hospital. Weight, height and BMI were considered as theindependent variables, whereas skin to epidural space distance was considered as dependentvariable. Data were collected and analyzed using multiple regression analysis continued usingPearson’s correlation test to evaluate the relationship between BMI and skin to epidural spacedistance. One hundred patients selected from October to December 2011 were evaluated in thisstudy. The mean of weight, height and BMI were 57.35±11.59 kg, 155.98±5.88 cm and23.52±4.26 kg/m2, respectively. The mean of skin to epidural space distance of non obstetricsurgery of Indonesian patients was 40.89±9.95 mm. Multiple regression analysis showed thatBMI had a strongest relationship (r= 0.81; p<0.03) with skin to epidural space distance comparedto weight (r= 0.11; p=0.78) and height (r= 0.04; p<0.83). Further analysis using Pearsoncorrelation test showed that a significantly good correlation of BMI (r=0.92; p=0.001) andbody weight (r=0.87; p=0.001) with the skin to epidural space distance were observed. Inconclusion, BMI and body weight have a significant correlation with the skin to epidural spacedistance in non obstetric surgery patient. 
The correlation between the intensity of benzene exposure and complete blood count in the oil and natural gas company workers in East Kalimantan Idha Arfianti Wiraagni Iwan Dwiprahasto Ngatidjan
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Benzene is one of the dangerous chemical substances which can cause some health disturbances.Meta-analysis shows that people who are exposed to benzene have a leukemia risk of 1.4 timesmore than the ones who are not. The employees who are exposed to benzene for a long timehave a probability to receive the toxic effect from benzene. This study was conducted to evaluatethe relationship between the intensity of benzene exposure and blood count of employees in theoil and natural gas company in East Kalimantan. This research was conducted to 897 employeeswith case control design. The control group consisted of 521 subjects, whereas the case groupconsisted of 376 subjects. The subjects were 39.91±10.90 years old, with the working termbetween 1 to 36 years. Data were obtained from routine medical check-up and health riskassessment in 2007 – 2010. The independent variable namely benzene exposure and the dependentvariable namely result of blood count, were analyzed by using chi-square bivariat analysis.Intensity of benzene exposure was measured as OVM (Organic Vapour Monitor) for externaldosage and SPMA (S-phenylmercapturic acid) for internal dosage. The intensity of benzene in2007 was 1.07± 5.5 ppm (OVM) and average of SPMA was 11.54±5.28 ìg/g creatinine. Theintensity of benzene in 2009 was 4.15±13.6 ppm (OVM) and SPMA was 55.90±43.6 ìg/gcreatinine. The employees who were exposed to benzene had a risk of having a decrease ofeither hemoglobin, erythrocyte, thrombocyte, or leukocyte 1.71 times (95% CI, 1.18–2.48)compared with the control, although this reduction was still in the normal range (p= 0.004). Inconclusion, there was no relationship between the intensity of benzene exposure with the lowblood count of the employees.Keywords: benzene exposure - complete blood counts - oil and gas earth - mining - toxic effect
Effect of temperature and storage duration of Aedes aegypti mosquito specimens artificially infected with dengue-3 virus on the results of immunohistochemical examination Susilawati Sitti Rohmah Umniyati Tri Baskoro Tunggul Satoto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

To confirm the presence of any dengue viral in a mosquito, mosquito’s head can be squashed ona slide and stained with immunohistochemical staining. The remaining samples then can bestored in the cryo freezer at -80ºC to avoid specimen damage. However, for laboratories withlimited facilities, with only a refrigerator with a temperature range of -20ºC to 4ºC is available,examination to evaluate whether the dengue antigen can still be detected in specimens storedat these temperature is necessary. It was a quasi-experimental study. Three to five-day-old adultfemale Aedes aegypti mosquitoes were injected intrathoracically with dengue-3 (DENV-3) strainH-87 virus and then maintained for about 7 days. The dengue viral antigen on mosquitoes wasidentified using immunohistochemical method after stored at a temperature of 4oC, -20oC, -80oCfor 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Mosquito specimens that were not stored were used as a positive control.Kappa value was counted to analyze level of agreements between two observers. Two-wayAnova was used to analyze mean positive rates. Kappa value showed poor agreement (0.00-0.16) between two observers when the specimens were stored at 4oC for 2-8 weeks, and showedgood agreement (Kappa value of 0.77), when stored at -20oC for 4 weeks. The kappa valueshowed very good agreement (0.90-0.92) when the specimens were stored at -20oC for 2 weeks,and at -80oC for 2-8 weeks. Mean positive rates of the specimens stored at 4oC were significantlylower (p<0.005) than stored at -20oC and -80oC, but there were no significant differencesbetween specimens stored at -20oC and -80oC (p>0.05). In conclusion, availability of thedengue viral antigen on mosquito specimens was influenced by temperature and storage durationof the specimens.Keywords: dengue virus - head squash - immunohistochemistry - kappa agreement - temperature
Prognostic factors for normal postnatal growth rate in low birth weight infants Kristia Hermawan Djauhar Ismail Setya Wandita
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Postnatal growth restriction in low birth weight infants is associated with long term adverseneuro-developmental sequel. Meanwhile, infants with excessive weight gain in early weeks oflife have a greater likelihood of later obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. Identifyingfactors associated with acceptable growth rate in low birth weight infants is important toprevent this potential long term morbidity. The aim of this study was to identify factors associatedwith acceptable growth rate in low birth weight infants. Prospective cohort study was conductedamong 73 low birth weight infants. Growth rate of these infants was determined by serialweight measurement during perinatal care and after being discharged until 46 – 50 weeks postmenstrual age. Growth rate was considered normal if average daily weight gain is 10 – 20 g/kg/day. Factors associated with this acceptable growth rate were analyzed by univariate andmultivariate statistical analysis. Normal growth rate was found in 62.7% subjects (42/67).Significant rate difference of average daily growth was found between small for gestational age(SGA) infants and appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (mean difference -2.90 g/kg/day; 95%CI: -5.68 - -0.12). The SGA infants had a greater risk for gaining weight below acceptablegrowth rate (adjusted RR= 2.9; 95%CI: 1.1 – 8.5). In conclusion, SGA is the only factor whichcan be associated with normal growth rate in low birth weight infants. Moreover, SGA infantsare in a greater risk for having slower growth rate compared to AGA.Keywords: growth rate - post natal - low birth weight – prognostic - gestational rate
Neuroprotective effect of vitamin D3 toward apoptosis induced by ethanol in CA1 pyramidal cells of rat hippocampus Junaedy Yunus Djoko Prakosa Dwi Cahyani Ratna Sari
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

As an antioxidant, Vitamin D3 can protect neurons from damage caused by oxidative stress.Ethanol is known to have neurotoxic effects by inducing an increase in oxidative stress. One ofthe brain regions that is most sensitive to neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol is hippocampus,especially its CA1 region. This study was aimed to determine the neuroprotective effects ofvitamin D3 in preventing the apoptosis in CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells induced by ethanol.Fifteen male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly divided into three groups. The controlgroup was given daily normal saline solution intraperitoneally. The ethanol group was given20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/day intraperitoneally. The vitamin D3 group wasgiven vitamin D3 1 μg/kg BW/day in 20% ethanol solution at a dose of 3 g/kg BW/dayintraperitoneally. After 30 days, the rats were sacrificed, their brains were perfused with PBSfollowed by fixative and the hippocampus was dissected for histological preparations.Immunohistochemical staining for caspase was performed. Percentage of apoptotic CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells was calculated. The results showed there was no significant difference(p> 0.05) on the total number of pyramidal cells between the control group (20.52 ± 1.31), theethanol group (19.02 ± 1.60), and the vitamin D3 group (21. 06 ± 0.70) per field of view.However there was a significant increase (p<0.05) in the percentage of apoptotic CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells in in the ethanol group (16.09 ± 0.67%) compared to the controlgroup (10.60 ± 0.95%). Vitamin D3 significantly (p<0.05) prevented an increase in the percentageof apoptotic CA1 hippocampal pyramidal cells in the vitamin D3 group (10.82 ± 0.64%). Inconclusion, vitamin D3 had a neuroprotective effect to prevent an increase in apoptosis in CA1hippocampal pyramidal cells to the neurotoxic effects induced by ethanol.
Epidemiology of filariasis malayi in Muara Padang Village, Muara Padang SubDistrict, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia Erwin Edyansyah Soeyoko Sri Sumarni
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Filariasis is still a public health problem in Indonesia especially in rural areas. In South SumatraProvince, 186 patients with chronic filariasis were reported in 2009 and 130 of them came fromBanyuasin District. In Muara Padang SubDistrict, there were 7 patients with chronic filariasisand 1 of them lived in Muara Padang Village. A finger blood survey has never been conducted inMuara Padang Village since elimination program started in 2002. The aim of the study was toevaluate epidemiology of filariasis malayi in the Muara Padang Village. This was a descriptivestudy using cross sectional design. Data were collected from finger blood survey, blood tests forreservoir host (cats), stage 3 of filarial larvae (L3) in mosquito and microfilaria periodicityexamination. From 520 finger blood samples collected from the inhabitants, microfilaria was notobserved. However, 1 subject was found to have elephantiasis caused by filariasis malayi asindicated by swelling leg below the knee. Moreover, 1 subject showed descending lymphangitissymptoms accompanied by fever, headache and weakness even though in blood examinationmicrofilaria was not found. Among 17 samples collected from cats, microfilaria of Brugia malayiwas not observed. However, animal filarial i.e. Dirofilaria repens was observed in 11 samplescollected. Among 701 mosquitoes dissection and examination, L3 was not found. Due to thefact that the microfilaria was not observed in all samples, microfilaria periodicity examinationwas not conducted. In conclusion, microfilaria of B. malayi was not observed in Muara PadangVillage. However, microfilaria of D. repens was observed in cats.
The correlation between TAM,MVD, VEGF andMMP-9 expressions among various histological progression, histological grading and staging of breast cancer Irianiwati, Harijadi Surendra Prabawa, Yulius Hermanto Angelina Septiana, Brian Arditya M
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 44, No 01 (2012)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Breast cancer may progress from an atypical lesion. Angiogenesis has an important role in thegrowth, invasion and metastasis of breast cancer, which can be reflected through the microvasculardensity (MVD). Tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) are stromal cells that can produce proangiogenicfactor such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and induce matrixmetalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) for degrading extracellular matrix and basement membrane.Angiogenesis in breast cancer progression and its relationship with histological grading as wellas its staging need to be defined and thus, cancer therapy and prognosis can be determinedmore accurately. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between TAM, MVD,VEGF and MMP-9 expressions among fibrocystic lesion, atypical lesion and breast cancer, andits correlation with histological grading and staging of breast cancer. Using a cross-sectionalstudy, a total of 50 paraffin embedded tissues of fibrocystic lesion, atypical lesion and breastcancer were chosen in this study. Those specimens were stained immunohistochemically withmonoclonal antibody (MoAb) anti CD68, von Willebrand factor (vWF), VEGF and MMP-9. Theexpressions of VEGF and MMP-9 were counted from the mean numbers of positive tumor cells.TAMs were counted from numbers of macrophages which expressed CD-68. MVDs were countedfrom numbers of microvessels whose endothelial cells expressed vWF, using the AverageMicrovessels Count ( AMC) method. The correlation of both markers and different type of breastlesions were analyzed by using Pearson correlation. There were statistically significant correlationsbetween TAM (r=0.760; p=0.000), MVD (r=0.659; p=0.000), and MMP-9 (r=0.518; p=0.000),among several breast lesions and histological grade of breast cancer. The highest of theirexpressions was found in the poor grade of cancers. There were statistically significant correlationsbetween TAM (r=0.581; p=0.000), VEGF (r=0.443; p=0.001) and MVD (r=0.566; p=0.000)among fibrocystic, atypical lesion and stage II - III of breast cancer. VEGF expression was notsignificantly correlated with several histological grade of breast cancer and the highest of itsexpression was only found in atypical lesion. This study has suggested that TAM, MVD, VEGFand MMP-9 expressions might play an important role in the histological progression, histologicalgrading and staging of breast cancer. The highest expression of VEGF in atypical breast lesionsupported the fact that angiogenic switch already started in the early stage and grade of breastcancer.

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