Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics (Buletin Teknik Elektro dan Informatika) ISSN: 2089-3191, e-ISSN: 2302-9285 is open to submission from scholars and experts in the wide areas of electrical, electronics, instrumentation, control, telecommunication and computer engineering from the global world. The journal publishes original papers in the field of electrical, computer and informatics engineering.
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A FPGA threshold-based fall detection algorithm for elderly fall monitoring with verilog
Pui Mun Lo;
Azniza Abd Aziz
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3152
Fall is one of the leading causes of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide due to serious injuries such as head traumas and hip fractures. As life expectancy improved, the rapid increase in aging population implied the need for the development of vital sign detector such as fall detector to help elderly in seeking for medical attention. Immediate rescue could prevent victims from the risk of suspension trauma and reduce the mortality rate among elderly population due to fall accident effectively. This paper presents the development of FPGA-based fall detection algorithm using a threshold-based analytical method. The proposed algorithm is to minimize the rate of false positive fall detection proposed from other researchers by including the non-fall events in the data analysis. Based on the performance evaluation, the proposed algorithm successfully achieved a sensitivity of 97.45% and specificity of 97.38%. The proposed algorithm was able to differentiate fall events and non-fall events effectively, except for fast lying and fall that ending with sitting position. The proposed algorithm shows a good result and the performance of the proposed algorithm can be further improved by using an additional gyroscope to detect the posture of the lower body part.
System of smart detection and control to electrical energy for saving of electrical energy consumption
R. Roslina;
Afritha Amelia;
Heru Pranoto;
Bakti Viyata Sundawa
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.2826
Public campus has a mandate to saving of electrical energy. Electrical energy consumption is often wasteful in building. There is tendency wasteful by user. Electronic equipment is often still turn on at idle time. Only a few students want to turn off the equipment and shut down the computer. Saving of electrical energy is not only at idle time but it can be improved into operational hour. It is not depending on idle time or operational hours, but depends on human presence. Implementation of electrical energy saving has to be supported by frugal behavior and equipment technology. In this study, we name system of smart detection and control to electrical energy (Sisdece). This system is consist of hardware and software. Hardware applies passive infrared sensor (PIR) sensor, wireless sensor network (WSN), microcontroller ESP32, access point, relay. Software use C++, hypertext preprocessor (PHP), hypertext markup language (HTML) and android studio. Result of measurement has been done in a month during November 2020. Average of energy saved is 12.51 kWh and total of electrical energy is 105.86 kWh. Comparison of energy saved to electrical energy is 11.81%. This is a significant reduction to electrical bill. The result is expected as benchmark of electrical energy management in Politeknik Negeri Medan (POLMED).
Modeling cache performance for embedded systems
Ogechukwu Kingsley Ugwueze;
Chijindu C. V.;
Udeze C. C.;
Ahaneku A. M.;
Eneh N. J.;
Obinna M. Ezeja;
Edward C. Anoliefo
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.2459
This paper presents a cache performance model for embedded systems. The need for efficient cache design in embedded systems has led to the exploration of various methods of design for optimal cache configurations for embedded processor. Better users’ experiences are realized by improving performance parameters of embedded systems. This work presents a cache hit rate estimation model for embedded systems that can be used to explore optimal cache configurations using Bourneli’s binomial cumulative probability based on application of reuse distance profiles. The model presented was evaluated using three mibench benchmarks which are bitcount, basicmath and FFT for 4kb, 8kb, 16kb, 32kb and 64kb sizes of cache under 2-way, 4-ways, 8-ways and 16-ways set associative configurations, all using least recently-used (LRU) replacement policy. The results were compared with the results obtained using sim-cheetah from simplescalar simulators suite. The mean errors for bitcount, basicmath, and FFT benchmarks are 0.0263%, 2.4476%, and 1.9000% respectively. Therefore, the mean error for the three benchmarks is equal to 1.4579%. The margin of errors in the results was below 5% and within the acceptable limits showing that the model can be used to estimate hit rates of cache and to explore cache design options.
Optimal tuning of PI controllers using adaptive particle swarm optimization for doubly-fed induction generator connected to the grid during a voltage dip
Elmostafa Chetouani;
Youssef Errami;
Abdellatif Obbadi;
Smail Sahnoun
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.2843
This paper proposes the adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) technique to control the active and reactive power produced by a variable wind energy conversion system and the exchanged power between the electric grid and the system during a voltage dip (VD). Besides, to get the variable speed wind energy maximum power, a maximum power point (MPP) methodology is utilized. The system under study is a 5 MW wind turbine connected via a gearbox to a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG). The DFIG stator is branched directly to the electrical network, while the Back-to-Back converters couple the rotor to the grid. The decoupled vector control of the rotor side converter and the grid side converter is established primarily by a conventional proportional-integral (PI) and a second level by an intelligent PI whose gains are tuned using the proposed control. The performances and results obtained by APSO tuned PI controllers are analyzed and compared with those attained by classical PI controllers through the MATLAB/Simulink. The superiority of the advised technique is examined during a two-phase short-circuit fault condition and confirmed by the reduced oscillations.
A spatial image compression algorithm based on run length encoding
Abdel Rahman Idrais;
Inad Aljarrah;
Osama Al-Khaleel
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.2563
Image compression is vital for many areas such as communication and storage of data that is rapidly growing nowadays. In this paper, a spatial lossy compression algorithm for gray scale images is presented. It exploits the inter-pixel and the psycho-visual data redundancies in images. The proposed technique finds paths of connected pixels that fluctuate in value within some small threshold. The path is calculated by looking at the 4-neighbors of a pixel then choosing the best one based on two conditions; the first is that the selected pixel must not be included in another path and the second is that the difference between the first pixel in the path and the selected pixel is within the specified threshold value. A path starts with a given pixel and consists of the locations of the subsequently selected pixels. Run-length encoding scheme is applied on paths to harvest the inter-pixel redundancy. After applying the proposed algorithm on several test images, a promising quality vs. compression ratio results have been achieved.
Experience moderator effect on the variables that influence intention to use mobile learning
Ayad Shihan Izkair;
Muhammad Modi Lakulu
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3109
The study has two objectives, first is exploring the variables that affect the intention to use mobile learning and second is investigating the experience moderator effect on the variables that influence intention to use mobile learning in higher education institutions (HEI) in Iraq. Then formulate a model for intention to use mobile learning. A questionnaire has been conducted in this research for collecting the feedback from the participants. The findings confirmed that social influence (SI), performance expectancy (PE), “facilitating conditions” (FCs), effort expectancy (EE) and “satisfaction” (SA) have an important influence on the intention to use mobile learning. But, this study has rejected the “personal innovativeness” (PINN) factor as it was found not important. Furthermore, the study has confirmed that the experience moderator variable has an influence of EE, SI, and PE on the intention to use mobile learning. This study is significant to the field of discipline as it will provide a roadmap for HEI to recognize the factors that affect the intention to use mobile learning.
A ring monopole quad band antenna loaded with metamaterial and slots for wireless applications
Basavalinga Swamy;
C. M. Tavade;
Kishan Singh
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3185
The present wireless applications demand a compact, multi-operated, and stable radiation pattern antenna with good gain and impedance matching performance. To accomplish this requirement. In this paper, we propose a compact metamaterial structure loaded quad band antenna. The structural specifications/layout of the antenna consists of a circular ring monopole fed by a microstrip line. The ground part of the antenna is loaded with a metamaterial rectangular split-ring resonator (RSRR), an L-shaped slot, and two horizontally placed rectangular slots parallel to each other. No external matching circuit is utilized and impedance matching is solely controlled by the placement of slots. The antenna shows operation at 2.1 GHz (2.01-2.24 GHz, a bandwidth of 230 MHz (WLAN)), 4.5 GHz (4.35-4.66 GHz, a bandwidth of 310 MHz (C-band)), 5.5 GHz (5.37-5.77 GHz bandwidth of 400 MHz (WiMAX)), and 7.2 GHz (7.08-7.33 GHz, a bandwidth of 250 MHz (satellite band)). The antenna exhibits good gain and stable radiation pattern in both the plane and thus can be utilized for aforementioned applications.
Boosting with crossover for improving imbalanced medical datasets classification
Abeer S. Desuky;
Asmaa Hekal Omar;
Naglaa M. Mostafa
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3121
Due to the common use of electronic health databases in many healthcare services, healthcare data are available for researchers in the classification field to make diseases’ diagnosis more efficient. However, healthcare-medical data classification is most challenging because it is often imbalanced data. Most proposed algorithms are susceptible to classify the samples into the majority class, resulting in the insufficient prediction of the minority class. In this paper, a novel preprocessing method is proposed, using boosting and crossover to optimize the ratio of the two classes by progressively rebuilding the training dataset. This approach is shown to give better performance than other state-of-the-art ensemble methods, which is demonstrated by experiments on seven real-world medical datasets with different imbalance ratios and various distributions.
Investigation of energy efficient protocols based on stable clustering for enhancing lifetime in heterogeneous WSNs
Noor Alhuda F. Abbas;
Jaber H. Majeed;
Waleed Khalid Al-Azzawi;
Adnan Hussein Ali
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.3049
There are certain challenges faced with wireless sensor networks (WSNs) performances, consumption can be seen amongst all these challenges as a serious area of research. Data from sensor nodes are transmitted by most WSN energy either among many nodes or to the base station (BS), and due this connection, several routing protocols were developed for supporting in data transmission in the WSNs. Extending network lifetime in an operational environment is the major objective of the wireless sensor network. Charging or exchanging sensor node batteries is almost impossible. Energy balancing and energy efficiency are significant research scopes as per designing of routing protocols aimed at self-organized WSNs. A heterogeneous WSN is one where every node has different amount of energy linked to it before it is deployed in a network. Therefore, different energy efficient routing protocols have been proposed which enables lesser consumption of energy, longer stability period which leads to the network lifetime increasing. In this study, the average energy of a WSN is computed after every logical round of operation for our protocol-HPEEA and compare it with two well-known heterogeneous protocols namely-SEP and CCS. At the end of the considered number of logical operations, MATLAB with simulation results confirm that HPEEA protocol have a reduction in the energy consumption compared to other protocols.
RT-RCT: an online tool for real-time retrieval of connected things
Fatima Zahra Fagroud;
El Habib Ben Lahmar;
Hicham Toumi;
Youssef Baddi;
Sanaa El Filali
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 10, No 5: October 2021
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v10i5.2901
In recent years, internet of things (IoT) represents a giant and a promoter area in innovation and engineering fields. IoT devices are spread in various fields and offer advanced services which assist their users to monitor and control objects remotely. IoT has a set of special characteristics such as dynamic, variety of data and huge scale which introduces a great challenge in the field of retrieval technologies, more precisely real-time retrieval. This paper addresses the issue of real-time retrieval of connected things and tries to propose an innovative solution which allows the retrieval of these things and their descriptive data. The paper proposes an on-line tool for real-time retrieval of connected things and their descriptive data based on network port scanning technique. The performance of this tool proves to be powerful under normal conditions, however more tests must be implemented in the aim to improve the proposed solution. The tool resulted from this work appears to be promising and can be used as a reference by network administrators and IT security managers for the development of new security mechanisms and security reinforcement.