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Dialektika kontemporer
Published by Universitas Negeri Makassar
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Core Subject : Social,
Social Sciences
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Articles 183 Documents
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The Metaphysics of Moral Evil: A Philosophical Analysis of Witchcraft Accusations and the Violation of Child Rights in Cross River State Elizabeth Okon John; Philip Onyedikach Obasi
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 14, No 2 (2026)
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Abstract

Witchcraft accusations against children have persisted in Cross River State despite legal prohibition and sustained human rights advocacy, producing a troubling pattern of abuse, abandonment, and homicide justified through appeals to spiritual malevolence. Existing scholarship has examined this phenomenon largely through sociological, legal, and child protection frameworks, but comparatively little attention has been paid to the underlying metaphysics of evil that renders such accusations intelligible and, for some communities, morally defensible. This paper addresses that gap by interrogating the conceptual architecture that sustains the accusation of children as witches. It asks how evil is conceived within the indigenous ontology of Cross River communities, how that conception assigns moral responsibility, and how it collides with a rights-based ethical framework that treats children as bearers of inviolable dignity. Drawing on conceptual analysis and engagement with African metaphysics of personhood, the paper argues that the problem is not reducible to superstition or ignorance, nor to simple criminality. It is a clash of moral ontologies, in which the accused child is positioned simultaneously as victim and as threat. The paper further contends that philosophical analysis can clarify what is at stake in this conflict and can inform responses that neither dismiss indigenous worldviews as irrational nor permit them to shield grave violations of children's rights. It concludes by proposing a framework of moral responsibility that preserves the reality of spiritual belief while holding human agents accountable for the harm they inflict.
Theatre for Development Advocacy on School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene in Calabar, Nigeria Helen Kingsley Ogar
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 14, No 2 (2026)
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Abstract

Theatre for Development (TfD) has been used across Nigeria to mobilise communities around water and health challenges, but its application to school water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in Calabar has not been grounded in school-specific evidence. Advocacy projects risk devising performances around general assumptions rather than the actual conditions and behaviours of the schools they seek to reach. This paper establishes an empirical baseline for a TfD intervention on school WASH in Calabar South and Calabar Municipality. It documents the sanitary conditions and hygiene practices of four public primary schools, identifies the behavioural and material targets that a TfD project must address, and considers what the findings imply for the design of participatory theatre in school settings. The baseline draws on cross-sectional field data collected between April and July 2022 from four randomly selected public primary schools. Structured observation documented toilet facilities, water supply, handwashing stations, and refuse disposal. Interviewer-administered questionnaires captured self-reported hygiene practices from 463 pupils aged 5 to 14. Stool samples were analysed to determine soil-transmitted helminth (STH) prevalence as a biological indicator of sanitation effectiveness. All four schools had water cistern toilets, but three lacked regular water supply and had non-functional or inadequate facilities. No school provided soap at handwashing stations. Visible refuse was present on all compounds. Thirty per cent of pupils reported open defecation at school, and 28.3% reported not washing hands after play. STH prevalence was 21.2%, dominated by Ascaris lumbricoides (11.9%) and hookworm (7.6%). The findings establish the evidentiary basis for a TfD intervention that targets specific behaviours and material deficits rather than generic hygiene messages. The paper argues that participatory theatre on school WASH must be sequenced with attention to the consumables and infrastructure that make hygiene possible, and it contributes a Nigerian school-based case to debates about the scope and limits of TfD as a health advocacy method.
Dangers of Climate Change Skepticism to Environmental Politics and Governance: Nigeria As a Case Study Pascal Bekongfe Aboh; Precious Edu Eni
Jurnal Ilmu Sosiologi Dialektika Kontemporer Vol 14, No 1 (2026)
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Abstract

The climate change debate has been politicized to a worrisome level. Research shows a divide along conservative and liberal lines in the American political landscape regarding those who believe in the reality of anthropogenic climate change on the one hand and those who are sceptical about the existence of a clearly defined nexus between man and negative climate catastrophes on the other. Climate change skeptics seem to be members of the far-right while climate change believers seem to consist of the left regardless of the society being scrutinized. While climate change deniers keep being difficult, key figures like activist Greta Thunberg keep pushing the narratives of a better world for the next generation by cutting greenhouse gas emissions. Environmental politics and governance must find sanity in the middle. Using the doctrinal research method, this paper dissects climate change skepticism through the Nigerian prism. The finding is clear: the climate change debate is now a political reality and must be treated as such with clear governmental policies to combat the problem. The research finding shows that the Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NiMet) is the agency responsible for tackling climate issues and weather challenges in Nigeria. The agency has a herculean task ahead of them but it takes collaborative effort to succeed. The annual Seasonal Climate Prediction (SCP) published regularly by NiMet seems to be the best attempt at tilting the balance of scepticism through adequate information dissemination.

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