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INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
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Study of Sonocatalytic Activity ZnO-WO3 Composite on Degradation Phenol in Aqueous Solution
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.37475

Abstract

Sonocatalysis was used to study phenol degradation using a ZnO/WO3 composite. The degradation was assisted by ultrasonic waves at 40 KHz and conducted using the sonocatalysis technique. The degradation percentage was calculated using data from the UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The composite characterization results showed that the samples containing WO3, ZnO and also contained a new structure ZnWO4. The morphological length and width of the composites were revealed by SEM examination. Furthermore, heterogeneous particle sizes were discovered. The surface area of composite was bigger than before combined. The optimum condition in degradation of phenol by ZnO-WO3 composite are 0,4 g of catalyst at 30 ppm of phenol, 7 min reaction time with the greatest phenol degradation at 92,5%. The catalyst can be reused 5 times to degrade phenol at 85%. The composite catalyst and assisted with ultrasonic as the sonocatalytic technique are one of the most environmentally and cost effective.
The Effect of Solvent Ratio and Extraction Time on Antioxidant Activity and Flavonoid Concentration of Kedawung Leaf (Parkia Biglobosa) Through Microwave-Assisted Extraction
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.33426

Abstract

Kedawung (Parkia biglobosa) contains various ingredients such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and terpenoids. The flavonoid content in Kedawung is thought to have an antioxidant effect. Antioxidants are able to counteract free radicals that enter the body by donating electrons and binding them. Currently, the microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) method is widely used because the solute mass transfer from the sample matrix into the solvent is higher than the Soxhlet method. The following study aimed to know the effect of solvent ratio and extraction time on the extraction yield, flavonoid concentration, and antioxidant activity of kedawung leaf through microwave-assisted extraction. In this method, we used 40% ethanol to make the varied solute: solvent ratio such as 1:20, 1:30, 1:40, and 1:50. The extraction time used in this method was 4-7 minutes respectively. Microwave-assisted extraction has good performance to extract the active substance in Kedawung leaves. The highest yield 16.36%, total flavonoid content (57.32±2,2 mg QE/g extract), and DPPH scavenging activity (88.87±1.062%) was obtained in the extraction with a solids-solvent ratio of 1:40 g/mL, at an extraction time of 6 minutes. This method promises to take the active substance in a short time.
The Carbon of Swietenia Machrophylla Fruit Peel and Coal Fly Ash as Bio-Composite Brake Ingredients
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35527

Abstract

The eco-friendly brake composite has been still an interesting issue in the development of brake friction materials. Wastes of S. Macrophylla (mahogany) fruit skin and coal fly ash are available as organic ingredients of bio-composite brakes. In this research, we investigated the effects of both ingredients on the brake composite properties which were fabricated using hot isostatic pressing at temperature 200 °C and pressure 5 kN for 3 h. The specimens were prepared in some volume fractions of carbon (2 vol% - 12 vol%). As a result, several tested specimens containing mahogany fruit skin carbon revealed maximum Rockwell hardness 69 HRB, wear 2.49x10-4mm2/kg, and water absorption 2.72 %, while specimens containing coal fly ash showed 78 HRB, 1.1x10-3mm2/kg, and 3.5 %, respectively. The brake composites containing coal fly ash performed better than ones containing mahogany fruit skin carbon. The hardness and wear of these two types of brake composite friction materials meet the minimum criteria required by SAE, JA661, and are close to the quality of the brake pads of two commercial brake composite materials. Water absorption in the brake lining specimens with mahogany leather carbon showed that the addition of the volume fraction caused an increase in water absorption, while the specimen containing coal fly ash showed that the increase in the carbon volume fraction caused a decrease in water absorption.
Effect of Ultrasonication Extraction Time on Determination of Flavonoid Levels in Ciplukan Plants
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.35254

Abstract

Ciplukan contains bioactive substances in the form of flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, polyphenols, vitamin C, stearic acid, palmitic acid. Bioactive substances from natural ingredients are known to function as immunomodulators that can increase the body's immune system, activate the body's natural defenses and restore immune system imbalances. Immunomodulators are important in studies related to the issue of the coronavirus disease 19 (Covid-19) pandemic. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the extraction time on the ultrasonic method on the flavonoid yield of ciplukan plants using methanol as a solvent. The method used is ultrasonication extraction with a variable extraction time. The analysis was carried out by qualitative analysis using a solution of qursetin to determine the concentration of flavonoids. The results of the study obtained the optimum flavonoid concentration at the extraction time of 15 minutes
Synthesis of Activated Carbon from Petung Bamboo Stems (Dendrocalamus Asper) Using Microwave-Assisted Pyrolysis (MAP) Process for Biogas Storage
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i1.36939

Abstract

Biogas has emerged as a promising alternative to gasoline due to the depletion of fossil energy and environmental concerns. An investigation was conducted to study the technical feasibility of an adsorbed natural gas (ANG) storage system using petung bamboo-activated carbons. The activated carbons were prepared by microwave-assisted pyrolysis (MAP) and a hybrid heating system for comparison. Microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising alternative technology for biochar production because it has several advantages over conventional pyrolysis such as uniform heating temperature, lower energy consumption, and uniform pore size. The characteristics of the obtained activated carbons were evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the higher power led to the shorter pyrolysis time. However, at a certain point, the higher power causes the biomass is not degraded completely. In this case, a microwave oven with 2 magnetrons produces a better heating temperature profile than the use of 1 magnetron. The character of activated carbon prepared using 70% power output (1120 W) is better than activated carbon prepared using 60% power output (960 W). In this condition, the pore size is more uniform and the number of functional groups is less. This implies that the petung bamboo activated carbon is the ideal candidate for ANG storage.
Preparation of Composite Reinforced Agent Based on Sweet Sorghum Stalk Fiber through Alkali Pressure Steam Treated Method
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i2.39792

Abstract

Increasing global concern to environmental issues and sustainability related to preservation of non-renewable natural resources has encouraged research to develop new environmental friendly materials and products based on renewable natural resources. Sorghum fiber has potential to be a composite reinforcement because it has a good mechanical properties, environmental friendly and inexpensive. The preparation process of sorghum fiber is needed to improve its compatibility with polypropylene (PP). Thermal alkalization is the method used in conducting fiber preparation. In this study, alkalization-thermal treatment with 0%, 5% and 10% NaOH and pressurized steam for 1 and 3 minutes was carried out to change the hydrophobicity of sorghum fiber. The most optimum result was obtained at 5% NaOH concentration with 3 minutes pressure-soaking, showing cleaner and fibrillated morphology based on FESEM testing. It was less lignin and hemicellulose content as indicated by FTIR testing result, better hydrophobicity as indicated through Sessil Drop testing result that showed contact angle of 120.9◦, as well as significant increase in crystallinity index of 6.3% as indicated through X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) test result. The increase in the hydrophobicity of the modified sorghum fiber indicated the increase of the natural fiber compatibility with polymer matrix.
Water Scrubber and Zeolite Catalyst for Clean Syngas Production on Biomass Gasification of Bagasse in a Downdraft System
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i2.39674

Abstract

Biomass gasification is one solution that can overcome Indonesia's energy crisis. Indonesia is an agricultural country that has a lot of sources of biomass. This work was focused on clean syngas production with purifying process through a water scrubber and zeolite catalyst as a filter. The syngas was produced from bagasse gasification as solid waste from a sugar factory. The weight of bagasse feedstock was studied on 1000 g, 1500 g, 2000 g, 2500 g, and 3000 g. The influence of burning time and syngas composition were also studied on syngas production. The experiment result showed that the burning time of syngas is related to the amount of bagasse; the higher the bagasse, the longer the burning time. The syngas composition from the gasification process was investigated, and it was found that CO, CH4, and H2 were percentages of 9.294%, 1.348%, and 2.773%, respectively. The water scrubber and zeolite catalyst can affect the cleanness of the syngas.
The Properties of Particleboard Composites Made from Pleurotus ostreatus Baglog Waste Using Citric Acid and Sucrose Adhesive
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i2.40279

Abstract

Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) is one of the edible mushrooms cultivated in baglog as the medium. Baglog’s productive age is around 4-5 weeks. The more PO produced, the amount of baglog waste also increases. The main component of baglog is wood sawdust, which contains lignocellulose; therefore, baglog has great potential to be used as a raw material for making particleboard. This research aims to make particleboard from baglog waste and determine the effect of the type and adhesive concentration on the physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard that is produced. Particleboard is made by mixing baglog waste, whose particle size is 40 mesh, with citric acid and sucrose adhesives whose concentrations are varied between 50%, 60%, and 70%. Furthermore, the particleboard was formed using a hot press machine (200 °C, 10 MPa) for 15 minutes. The obtained particleboard will be analyzed for its physical properties, including density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, morphology, and mechanical properties, including modulus of rupture (MOR) and modulus of elasticity (MOE). The test refers to the JIS A 5908-2003 type 8 standard.  As a result, particleboard made using citric acid adhesive (citric acid 70%; C70) has a better physical and mechanical properties compared to sucrose adhesive, with a density value of 0.86 g/cm³, moisture content of 4.118%, thickness expansion of 3.992%, water absorption capacity of 36.89%, 13.456%, MOR 9.682 MPa, and MOE 1.455 GPa.
Turmeric Extraction (Curcuma Longa L) Using The Reflux Method And Characterization
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i2.39784

Abstract

Turmeric (Curcuma longa L) is one of the many spices that grow on the Asian continent, especially Southeast and South Asia, which can be utilized to its full potential, especially the antioxidant compounds contained in curcuminoids. This study aims to determine the effect of different forms of turmeric, powder and fresh, on the extraction using the reflux extraction method and antioxidant activity using the DPPH method (2,2-Diphenyl-1-PicrylHydrazyl). The reflux extraction process was carried out using distilled water with three variations of sample forms, turmeric powder, fresh turmeric (grated turmeric and pieces of turmeric) with a solute/solvent ratio (w/v) (1:5). The viscous extract in the form of a paste was obtained after the distillation process and solvent evaporation. The best extracts and essential oils obtained were extracts from powdered turmeric samples with yields of 8.28 (% w/w) and essential oils of 0.44 g, which were clearer than the other two samples. The analysis showed that the sample of turmeric with the highest antioxidant activity was a sample of freshly grated turmeric with an IC50 value of 114.7 ppm with a moderate level of antioxidant activity. The cut turmeric sample has an IC50 value of 158.3 ppm, which is included in the weak antioxidant activity. The powdered turmeric sample has an IC50 value of 134.1 ppm with moderate strength.
Optimization of Operating Condition for the Production of Edible Film from Cuttlefish’s Bone Gelatin as Instant Noodle Seasoning Packaging
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v11i2.36359

Abstract

Edible film is a thin layer commonly used to coat food, which is biodegradable and can be consumed. The functions of edible film such as an inhibitor of mass transfer, oxygen, aroma and other dissolved substances. Cuttlefish bones contain protein which can be processed into gelatin and applied as edible film. This study aims to determine the quality and optimal operating conditions of edible films. The research method that used in this research is descriptive quantitative method. The experimental design in this study used a factorial design with independent variables including: gelatin concentration (6 and 8%), glycerol concentration (10% and 20%) and pectin concentration (0.5 and 10%). In this study, the ranged of water vapor transmission rate (wvtr) from eight sample are 9.716 - 11.725 g/m2.day, the best result of water vapor transmission rate analysis shown at operating conditions of 8% gelatin concentration, 20% glycerol concentration and 1% chitosan concentration which was 9.716 g/m2.day. In this research the higher gelatin concentration causes an increase in the value of water vapor transmission rate, while the higher the concentration of glycerol causes an increase in the value of wvtr, thickness, elongation but decreases the value of tensile strength an solubility, the higher chitosan concentration causes an decreases in the value of wvtr, tensile strength, elongation, solubility but increase the value of thickness  The best results from the thickness, solubility, tensile strength, elongation tests were 0.22 mm; respectively; 1 minute 17 seconds; 6.30 MPa; 166.5%. The morphological analysis using SEM analysis shows that the surface of the molecular structure of the edible film looks smooth, uneven and slightly porous.

Page 39 of 43 | Total Record : 426

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