cover
Article Per Year (5 Year)
All
Home Page
OAI Link
Editorial Team
Contact
Reviewer
Google Scholar
Contact Name
-
Contact Email
-
Phone
-
Journal Mail Official
-
Editorial Address
-
Location
Kota semarang,
Jawa tengah
INDONESIA
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan
Published by Universitas Negeri Semarang
ISSN : 23030623     EISSN : 24072370     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Materials Science & Nanotechnology
This journal presents articles and information on research, development and applications in biomass conversion processes (thermo-chemical conversion; physico-chemical conversion and bio-chemical conversion) and equipment to produce fuels, power, heat, and value-added chemicals from biomass. A biorefinery takes advantage of the various components in biomass and their intermediates therefore maximizing the value derived from the biomass feedstock. A biorefinery could, for example, produce one or several low-volume, but high-value, chemical or nutraceutical products and a low-value, but high-volume liquid transportation fuel such as biodiesel or bioethanol (see also alcohol fuel). The high-value products increase profitability, the high-volume fuel helps meet energy needs, and the power production helps to lower energy costs and reduce greenhouse gas emissions from traditional power plant facilities. Future biorefineries may play a major role in producing chemicals and materials that are traditionally produced from petroleum.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 426 Documents
 35   36   37   38   39 
PEWARNA ALAMI BATIK DARI TANAMAN NILA (Indigofera) DENGAN KATALIS ASAM
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v2i1.2909

Abstract

Indigo is a natural blue dye substance of batik extracted from the leaves of indigo plant, which is eco-friendly and non-carcinogenic. To be able to extract an indigo dye substance, the indican glycosides contained in the leaves of the plant is first hydrolyzed into Indigo indoxyl and glucose by using either the dilute mineral acids or enzymes. The indoxyl is then oxidized to indigo. In this experiment, the extraction of the blue dye substance of indigo plant was carried out by method of acidifying. The observations made on the variation of the concentration of hydrochloric acid, the aeration time, the acids, and the type of binding substances. The material used in the experiment included the 2 months old of Indigo leaves, hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, sodium hydroxide, sugar, lime, alum and tunjung (Ferrous sulfate). The equipments used in the aeration were beaker glass and the air pump.The process was initiated by soaking the indigo leaves in acid with a specific concentration for 24 hours. The filtrate was then oxidized by flowing the air using the air pump for 12 hours. Then, the sample was applied by immersing the fabric in a solution of the binding substances consisted of Ferrous sulfate, alum, and lime. The experiment results show that higher concentration of indigo was obtained from the longer aeration time. By comparing different type of acids, the extraction using 0.01 M H2SO4 shows better than using HCl in the same concentration. The highest indigo concentration produced by the extraction using 0.01 M H2SO4 was 29.20 ppm, while the highest concentration produced from the extraction using 0.01 M HCl was 26.88 ppm. The use of different type of binding substances on the fabric, giving the appearance of different colors. The binding substance of Tunjung produces the dark blue color, lime produces greenish blue colour, and alum produces a blue color.
THE IMMOBILIZATION OF LIPASE FROM MUCOR MIEHEI ON ZEOLITE MATRIX IN HYDROLYSIS OF PALM OIL PRODUCING FREE FATTY ACIDS WITH SOLVENT FREE SYSTEM
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 2 (2018): December 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11399

Abstract

The enzymatic hydrolysis of palm oil can be conducted by using lipase produced from Mucor miehei to produce free fatty acid. This study aimed to compare the usage of lipase as free enzyme and as immobilized enzyme on zeolite matrix in the hydrolysis of palm oil as triglyceride producing free fatty acids which highly needed in various industrial sectors. Immobilization is an alternative hydrolysis reaction due to its usage on repetitive reaction, makes lipase reuseable, hence the whole process becomes efficient, and with moderate operational conditions. Solvent free reaction is applied, because the produced free fatty acids can be used directly in food, health, and natural flavorings industry. The palm oil used in the hydrolysis contains 0.815% initial free fatty acids as palmitate, in which water then added to it in weight ratio 1:3. Each effect of free lipase and immobilized lipase addition is 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, and time reaction is 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 minutes are used as index to determine the amount of free fatty acids produced.  The results showed that Immobilized lipase has better ability than the free one in hydrolysis of triglyceride in palm oil producing free fatty acid with 8% lipase addition and time reaction of 120 minutes. Palm oil hydrolysis using free lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 5% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 60 minutes. Meanwhile, palm oil hydrolysis using immobilized lipase produced the highest FFA of 1.9747% after the addition of 8% lipase concentrate, with time reaction of 120 minutes.
PENGARUH LAJU ALIR UDARA DAN WAKTU PROSES GASIFIKASI TERHADAP GAS PRODUCER LIMBAH TANGKAI DAUN TEMBAKAU MENGGUNAKAN GASIFIER TIPE DOWNDRAFT
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v5i2.6054

Abstract

The continued development of industry and agriculture along with unutilized of industrial and agricultural wastes properly, the waste will only be garbage which can be an interference to environment. Is required to have waste treatment technologies that are effective, efficient and environmentally friendly to utilize the waste into renewable energy sources. The way of handling this waste is to use gasification technology. Gasification is a method of thermochemical conversion of solid fuels into the syngas gas fuel in the gasifier container by supplying a gasification agent such as steam, air and others. The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of air flow rate and the time of gasification process for tobacco leaf stalk’s waste againts to the composition and the components of syngas. This research is conducted using a gasifier with a capacity of ± 2.5 kg. The research procedures are drying, crushing, sizing, gasification process, and analysis of gas compositions. The result of this research has proven that tobacco leaf stalk’s waste has potential to be renewable energy sources which can produce syngas using gasification process. The concentration of syngas (CO, H2 and CH4) which is the highest obtained at variation of Q = 3 m3 / h in minutes 30 with syngas concentration of 2.27% vol CH4, CO gas amounted to 7.17% vol and H2 gas amounted to 5.79 % vol.
Strategies for Lignin Pretreatment, Decomposition and Modification: A Review
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 9, No 1 (2020): June 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v9i1.23392

Abstract

The dependency of chemical industry on nonrenewable sources of energy such as petroleum based carbon feedstock is rising dramatically day to day. Nonetheless, global warming caused by greenhouse gas emissions threatens the environment balance and the climate stability. Accordingly, it is necessary to find a renewable resource to decrease the environmental concern, specifically gaseous emissions from fossil fuels and to provide the energy stock. Outstanding to the significance of lignocellulosic biomass as most remedy to the current environmental issues and substituent of nonrenewable source of energy, this review affords understandings about the role of lignin as polymer and raw material for large molecules. In this review article, types of lignin with their extraction methods, fractionation technology to valuable chemicals, modification of the macromolecules to other polymers with tunableproperties, and an extensive range of applications are discussed widely. The major valuable chemicals produced from lignin via chemical depolymerization are also summarized and illustrated with their molecular structures.
EXTRACTION CHARACTERISTIC AND MICROENCAPSULATION OF ANTOCYANIN AS NATURAL FOOD COLOURING FROM ROSELLE CALYCES BY ULTRASOUND-ASSISTED EXTRACTION
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i2.9547

Abstract

Anthocyanins are widely used as a food additive, and further study in production process development is required in order to obtain an efficient and superior process. This article presents the anthocyanin extraction by ultrasound-assisted extraction and the characterization of solid form anthocyanin extract. In addition, a simple kinetic analysis for the extraction process is investigated. Extraction was conducted by ultrasound-assisted extraction with a solute-solvent ratio of 1:4 and 1:8 at a temperature of 30OC, 40OC and 60OC. Anthocyanin content was analyzed by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. Drying process was performed by a freeze dryer with the addition of maltodextrin and followed by characterization of powder comprising moisture content, solubility and colour intensity. The result shows that the extraction temperature has an effect on anthocyanins extracted. Temperatures rise increased the diffusion coefficient and triggered the driving force of solids into the solvent. This result had a correlation with the second-order kinetic model where the rate of extraction increases along with temperature rise. Characterization of anthocyanin extracts in solid form showed that the addition of maltodextrin provided better results than the product without maltodextrin. The anthocyanin powder added with maltodextrin fulfils the Indonesian standards for food colouring powders, having a low moisture content (5.6%) and high solubility (91.4%). Moreover, colour intensity analysis of anthocyanin powder showed that the powder with maltodextrin has a tendency of a lighter colour with low value of L *, a * and b *.
GRANULASI ABU LAYANG BATUBARA MENGGUNAKAN KARAGENAN DAN APLIKASINYA SEBAGAI ADSORBEN Pb(II)
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v4i2.4361

Abstract

The increase of electrical industry using coal as an energy source resulting in accumulated solid waste such as fly ash.Coal fly ash is mainly composed of some oxides including Al2O3, SiO2 having active siteand unburned carbon as a mesopore material that anables it to act as a potentialadsorbent.However, the use of powder coal fly ash as an adsorbent is quite complex, especially in the filtration installation, so difficult to be applied in the industry.The aim of this study is to carry out granulation of the coal fly ash with the addition of carrageenan as a binder to improve the mechanical and chemical stability thereby increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the adsorption process. Coal fly ash wasreacted with sodium hydroxide solution and then granulated with the addition of carrageenan 10, 15 and 20 w/w. Granular coal fly ash was further characterized its specific surface area, functional group and morphology. Furthermore, granular and powder treated coal fly ash were tested their adsorption ability for ion Pb (II). The results show that the addition of carrageenan as a binder can change the characteristics of coal fly ash, decrease specific surface area and adsorption capability. The adsorption of Pb (II) by coal fly ash granular follows the Langmuir isotherm model with a constant value of is 0.173 and KLis 0.329.
Modification of Spent Bleaching Earth with WO3 and the Application for Photocatalytic Degradation of Waste Dyestuff under Solar Light
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v8i2.22023

Abstract

Degradation of blue dye waste in Sarong Samarinda production using WO3-bleaching earth (BE) has been conducted. Structural and morphological characterization has conducted using X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDX). The X-ray diffraction results show the mineral on bleaching earth is rectorite dioctahedral mica layer and dioctahedral smectite with a ratio 2:1. The WO3 pattern is appeared after the calcination. After calcination at 500°C, the WO3 is deposited homogeneously on the BE surface. The catalytic performance of WO3-BE for photodegradation of the blue dye waste under the solar light is 99.85 % within 1 h.
SINTESIS BIODISEL DARI MINYAK BIJI KARET DENGAN VARIASI SUHU DAN KONSENTRASI KOH UNTUK TAHAPAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v1i2.2544

Abstract

Bahan bakar yang paling banyak digunakan adalah bahan bakar diesel atau fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Biodiesel berasal dari minyak nabati yang dapat diperbaharui, dapat dihasilkan secara periodik, dan mudah diperoleh. Pada penelitian ini digunakan minyak biji karet untuk sintesis FAME. Proses utama dalam pembuatan FAME adalah transesterifikasi. Penelitian ini mengkaji hasil optimum dari variasi konsentrasi katalis KOH dan suhu reaksi pada reaksi transesterifikasi. Preparasi minyak biji karet dengan menggunakan arang aktif granular diikuti dengan degumming. Reaksi esterifikasi dilaksanakan pada kondisi operasi 500 C selama 1 jam, katalis asam sulfat (98%) sebesar 0,5% volume minyak, dan metanol sebesar 20% volume minyak. Reaksi transesterifikasi dilaksanakan selama 1 jam, serta perbandingan volume minyak dan metanol sebesar 4:1. Analisis kadar metil ester yang terbentuk, jumlah komponen, dan komposisinya yang terdapat pada senyawa hasil dilakukan dengan menggunakan alat GC. Kondisi operasi terbaik pada transesterifikasi minyak biji karet menjadi metil ester adalah pada katalis KOH 1% dan suhu 60 0C. Berdasarkan uji sifat-sifat fisis, metil ester yang dihasilkan belum semua memenuhi mutu sifat fisis biodiesel yang disyaratkan. The most widely used fuel is diesel fuel or fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oil that can be renewed, can be produced periodically, and easy to obtain. In this research, the rubber seed was used for synthesizing the FAME. The main process in the production of FAME is transesterification. This study examined the optimum result from variations of the concentration of KOH catalyst and the reaction temperature on the transesterification reaction. Preparation of the rubber seed oil using granular activated charcoal was followed by degumming. Esterification reaction was carried out at 50 oC for 1 h with the sulfuric acid catalyst of 0.5% by volume of oil and methanol of 20% by the volume of oil. Transesterification reaction was carried out for 1 hour with the oil and methanol volume ratio of 4:1. The concentration of methyl ester, the number of components, and the composition of the contained compounds in the resulted products were analyzed using a GC. The best operating conditions on the transesterification of rubber seed oil into methyl ester was by using 1% KOH catalyst at temperature of 60 0C. Based on the analysis of the physical properties, the resulted methyl esters need to be improved further to meet the quality requirements of the physical properties of biodiesel.
THE UTILIZATION OF DURIAN'S ALBEDO FLOUR AS SUBSTITUTION OF CORNSTARCH IN THE MAKING OF ICE CREAM
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v7i1.11413

Abstract

This research is to find out the process to make an ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Start from to make durian albedo flour, to check content of durian’s albedo flour ice cream (pectin, protein, fat, and carbohydrate), to find out respondents’ opinion about display, color, smell, texture, and flavor of durian’s albedo ice cream, and also interests of respondents about ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Populations of this research are spread at Wonorejo Permai Residence, Universitas Ciputra, and Bukit Darmo Boulevard. Researchers are choosing 30 random respondents as sample. There are few steps to collect the data. First, experiment method which had done three times for both of durian’s albedo flour and ice cream using durian’s albedo flour. Second, observation method, the researcher compared the result from experiments which had been done in the experiment method. Third, laboratory test, to find out the content of pectin, protein, fat, and carbohydrate from the ice cream using albedo durian flour. Fourth, organoleptic test to find out the shape, texture, flavor, and smell of ice cream using albedo durian flour. To do an organoleptic test, an ice cream will tested at laboratory, then distribute to the 30 random respondents and they will give their opinion in the questionnaires. Fifth is the descriptive statistics, where the researcher will process the questionnaire’s results. Based on the research that has been done, it concluded that durian’s albedo from the skin waste could be used as the ingredients for processed food. Moreover, based on organoleptic test with 30 respondents, shown that 96.7% of respondents interest with durian’s albedo ice cream.
EXTRACTION OF PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS FROM PETAI LEAVES (PARKIA SPECIOSA HASSK.) USING MICROWAVE AND ULTRASOUND ASSISTED METHODS
Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited]
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jbat.v6i1.7793

Abstract

The antioxidant has an activity to neutralize free radical compound that the body needs to avoid damage cells and tissues. Phenolic is one of the compounds that have an antioxidant activity. The influences of ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) conditions on phenolic compounds of Parkia speciosa Hassk. leaves were investigated. The effects of temperature (40°C, 50°C, 60°C and 70°C), time (10, 30 and 50 minutes) and material-solvent ratio (1:10, 1:13, 1:15 ) were evaluated based on the yield, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity. The result showed that the highest yield (15.82%) was obtained at 1:15 (w/w) of material-solvent ratio, 50°C of temperature and 50 minutes of extraction time for MAE. The highest yield of UAE is 15.53% that sample was obtained at 1:13 (w/w) of material-solvent ratio, 60°C of optimal temperature and 30 minutes extraction time. The highest IC50 of UAE method extract was 52.55 ppm, while the extract obtained using MAE method was 50.44 ppm. UAE is more stable at higher temperatures. Time and solvent which was used more efficient than MAE. Extract of petai leaves (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) were very potential to be used as a source of natural antioxidants because they have IC50 values from 41.39 to 66.00 ppm. Its antioxidants capacity is ranged from strong to very strong capacity.

Page 37 of 43 | Total Record : 426

 35   36   37   38   39 

Filter by Year

2012 2024


Reset
Filter By Issues
All Issue Vol 13, No 1 (2024): June 2024 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 2] Vol 12, No 2 (2023): December 2023 [Nationally Accredited Sinta 2] Vol 12, No 1 (2023): June 2023 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 11, No 2 (2022): December 2022 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 11, No 1 (2022): June 2022 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2] Vol 10, No 2 (2021): December 2021 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 10, No 1 (2021): June 2021 [Nationally Accredited - SINTA 2] Vol 9, No 2 (2020): December 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 9, No 1 (2020): June 2020 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 8, No 2 (2019): December 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 8, No 1 (2019): June 2019 [Nationally Accredited - Sinta 2] Vol 7, No 2 (2018): December 2018 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 7, No 1 (2018): June 2018 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 2 (2017): December 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 6, No 1 (2017): June 2017 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 2 (2016): December 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 5, No 1 (2016): June 2016 [Nationally Accredited] Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015 Vol 4, No 2 (2015): December 2015 Vol 4, No 1 (2015): June 2015 Vol 4, No 1 (2015): June 2015 Vol 3, No 2 (2014): December 2014 Vol 3, No 2 (2014): December 2014 Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014 Vol 3, No 1 (2014): June 2014 Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013 Vol 2, No 2 (2013): December 2013 Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013 Vol 2, No 1 (2013): June 2013 Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012 Vol 1, No 2 (2012): December 2012 Vol 1, No 1 (2012): June 2012 Vol 1, No 1 (2012): June 2012 More Issue