Althea Medical Journal
Althea Medical Journal (AMJ) is a peer reviewed electronic scientific publication journal which is published every 3 months (March, June, September, and December). Althea Medical Journal publishes articles related to research in biomedical sciences, clinical medicine, family-community medicine, and public health.
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<![CDATA[Knowledge and Attitude on Febrile Seizure among Mothers with Under-Five Children ]]>
<![CDATA[Syahida, Jihan Alifa]]>;
<![CDATA[Risan, Nelly Amalia]]>;
<![CDATA[Tarawan, Vita Murniati]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Althea Medical Journal ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Febrile seizures frequently occur in children under 5 years old and usually create fear and anxiety among parents. Poor understanding of febrile seizure among parents contributes to mismanagement of seizure. The objective of this study was to identify the knowledge and attitude on febrile seizure among mothers of under five children.Methods: This descriptive community-based survey comprised of 96 mothers with under 5 children who were chosen through randomization. This survey was, conducted in Hegarmanah Village, Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia in October 2013. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using frequency analysis.Results: Fifty nine respondents (61%) considered that high fever in their children will result in seizure and 63 mothers (65%) stated that this condition was a life-threatening situation which could lead to brain damage (50%) and paralysis (50%). There were some respondents who would manage seizure by shaking (27%) or holding the child tightly during seizure (22%) and putting spoon into the children mouth (59%). Sixty respondents (62.5%) prevented febrile seizure by giving them coffee.Conclusions: Knowledge and attitude regarding febrile seizure is good, but the knowledge and attitude towards the outcome and what to do during febrile seizures occasion are still poor. [AMJ.2016;3(4):649â54]Â DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.954]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation between Mid Upper Arm Muscle Area/Size and Muscle Strength ]]>
<![CDATA[Bin, Tan Yong]]>;
<![CDATA[Vitriana, Vitriana]]>;
<![CDATA[Nurhayati, Titing]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Muscle area/size reflects the true magnitude of muscle tissue changes. Muscle strength is an active tension generated by muscle that depends on its capacity to exert force on an object. The relation between the quantity of muscle area and the amount of muscle strength is suggested. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between mid-upper arm muscle area/size and muscular strength.Methods: This analytic study with ten subjects (medical students) who met the inclusion and exclusion criteriawas conducted at the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran in Jatinangor campus from 22th of April to 1st of November 2014. A skinfold calliper was used to measure triceps skinfold while a measuring tape measured the mid-upper arm circumference and a dynamometer measured the muscle strength. A formula was used to determine the mid-upper arm muscle area/size using mid-upper arm circumference and triceps skinfold. The collected data were analyzed statistically using correlation test and simple linear regression.Results: There was a strong correlation between mid-upper arm muscle area/size and muscular strength (correlation cooefficient 0.746). Moreover, the higher the Body Mass Index, the stronger the muscle strength was to some point. If the BMI was more than 25 kg/m2, this findings did not occurred.Conclusions: There is a strong positive correlation between mid-upper arm muscle area/size and arm muscle strength. [AMJ.2016;3(4):590â5]]]>
<![CDATA[Refractive Errors in State Junior High School Students in Bandung ]]>
<![CDATA[Nikmah, Sabila Tasyakur]]>;
<![CDATA[Rifada, Raden Maula]]>;
<![CDATA[Santoso, Putri Teesa Radhiyanti]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Uncorrected refractive error is one of the avoidable causes of vision impairment in children and adults. Vision problem in children has been shown to affect their psychological and academic performance. This study aims at identifying and gaining more insights on the characteristic of the refractive errors in state junior high school students in Bandung to avoid uncorrected refractive errors.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in SeptemberâNovember 2015 in state junior high schools in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Sample was selected using multistage random sampling technique. Children were examined using tumbling E examination; then students with visual acuity worse than 6/12 underwent Snellen Chart test, refractometry without pupil dilatation, correction with trial lens, then was followed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Results: From a total of 435 children who completed all the examination, 80 children (18.39%) had refractive errors; consisted of 151 eyes (94.38%) with myopia and 9 eyes (5.62%) with astigmatism. Refractive errors were found to be more common in female children (73.7%) than male children (26.3%). Among those with refractive errors, 45 children (56.3%) did not use any corrective glasses before the examination.Conclusions: Routine refractive error test in vision screening examination is needed for students. It is equally important to raise more awareness toward eye disease in community. [AMJ.2016;3(3):545â8]DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.936]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation between Body Mass Index and Disability in Patient with Chronic Low Back Pain ]]>
<![CDATA[Teck, Tiang Soon]]>;
<![CDATA[Prabowo, Tertianto]]>;
<![CDATA[Kurniani, Nani]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Low back pain is discomfort presented below the margin of the 12th thoracic rib and above the inferior gluteal fold with or without leg pain. It is also a major cause of disability. Several risk factors have been identified for contributing low back pain. It is important to determine whether body mass index (BMI) can affect the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Oswestry disability index (ODI) questionnaire has been used to measure the severity of disability. Thus, the focus of study was to determine correlation between BMI and disability in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: Sixty two patients aged 18 years old or more who were clinically diagnosed as having low back pain at least 3 months participated in this study in the period of October to November 2015 in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Total sampling method was used. Gender, age, weight, height, BMI and disability were recorded using ODI questionnaire. This analytical study was cross sectional study and the ordinal variable was analyzed using linear regression analysis.Results: Females had higher proportion (77). Chronic low back pain patients were equally distributed on normal weight and overweight categories. Patient with chronic low back pain had higher chances of developing moderate disability. There were positive correlation between BMI and disability. Nevertheless, there was no statistically analysis difference between model 1 and 2.Conclusions: The BMI affects the disability in patients with chronic low back pain. [AMJ.2016;3(4):624â8]Â DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.949]]>
<![CDATA[Salmonella Species Detection in Chicken Noodle Toppings Prepared by the Food Vendors around Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran ]]>
<![CDATA[Zia, Luk Lee]]>;
<![CDATA[Megantara, Imam]]>;
<![CDATA[Suryosutanto, Suryosutanto]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Salmonellae is Gram negative Enterobacteriaceae which are commonly found in water. It can cause diseases in human through improper hygiene and sanitation practice, contamination of poultries, cross contamination from other food during storage, and also from Salmonella species carriers. Chicken noodle toppings are usually prepared early in the morning and not heated up upon serving. There are possibilities for bacterial contamination if the food vendors lack of hygienic practices. The risk of Salmonella species contamination is increased too as it can be spread through inappropriate hygiene and sanitation. Hence, the objective of the study was to detect the presence of Salmonella species in the chicken noodle toppings prepared by the food vendors around Jatinangor Campus of Universitas Padjadjaran.Methods: A descriptive laboratory study was conducted in September 2013. A total of 44 samples of chicken noodle toppings were collected from the food vendors in Jatinangor. The samples were cultured on Salmonella-Shigella agars. Then, Gram staining and biochemical tests were performed.Results: The chicken noodle toppings were not contaminated by Salmonella species, but other bacteria species such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species were found.Conclusions: There is no Salmonella species found. However, there are some other bacteria found such as Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia, Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, and Shigella species. It means that the food vendors lack of hygienic and sanitation aspects. Thus, proper actions should be taken to educate and increase the awareness of food vendors on the importance of sanitation. [AMJ.2016;3(4):566â9]Â DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.940]]>
<![CDATA[Antibiotic Conformity with Culture Results of Hospitalized Pneumonia Patients in Melati Ward at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Rinaldi, Randhi]]>;
<![CDATA[Supriatna, Yana Akhmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Sitorus, Truly D.]]>;
<![CDATA[Sudjana, Primal]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Pneumonia is an infection with the highest mortality rate in Indonesian hospitals. According to The American Thoracic Society and The Infectious Diseases Society of America (ATS/IDSA), empirical use of antibiotics is still effective for pneumonia treatment. Inappropriate use of antibiotics would cause negative effects such as prolonged hospitalization, a high cost of treatment, and increased antibiotic-resistant bacteria. The goal of this study was to clarify the empirical use of antibiotic conformity with a bacteria culture. Methods: This study was conducted from August to October 2013 using a descriptive retrospective method based on 116 medical records of pneumonia patients hospitalized in Melati Ward, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during 2011â2012. The type of bacteria, conformity with antibiotics given to patients, and type of antibiotics were analyzed. The conformity of antibiotics was assessed based on the resistance test. If the results were sensitive, they would be put in the conforming group and in the non-conforming group if the results were resistant or intermediate. Data was derived with descriptive statistics, using percentage and frequency distribution, illustrated in tables and figures.Results: Based on culture results and sensitivity of antibiotic empirical therapy given, 55.17% cases were conformed. The most widely used antibiotic group was Third-generation Cephalosporin (60.34%). The most common bacterias were Klebsiella pneumonia (34.5%) and Acinetobacter baumanni (13.8%).Conclusions: Most of the antibiotics given to pneumonia patients are still appropriate with results of the bacteria culture test and resistance test. [AMJ.2016;3(4):504â8]Â DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.931]]>
<![CDATA[Comparison of Effectiveness between Rifampicin Ofloxin-Minocycline Regimen and Multidrug Therapy-World Health Organization in Multibacillary Leprosy Patients ]]>
<![CDATA[Moestopo, Octawyana]]>;
<![CDATA[Gunawan, Hendra]]>;
<![CDATA[Dahlan, Anisah]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Multidrug therapy (MDT) which is recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for multibacillary (MB) leprosy patients has some side effects; it is given in 12 doses over 12-18 months. Patients who refuse or are contraindicated in undertaking MDT-WHO can be given alternative rifampicin-ofloxacin-minocycline (ROM) regimen for 24 months, whose side effects are less but more expensive. This study was conducted to compare the effectiveness between ROM and MDT-WHO regimen in the first 12 months based on the derivation in morphological index (MI) of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in MB leprosy patient.Methods: This was an observational analytical study with retrospective cohort method. Data was collected from medical records of MB leprosy patients in the Medical Record Installation and Morbus Hansen Clinic, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. The overall derivation in MI in 12 months was assessed according to the type of therapy undertaken by the patient. Data was analyzed by Mann-Whitney U Test.Results: A total of 59 data were selected out of 800 data of new leprosy patients based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Among those, 20 patients were treated by ROM and 39 by MDT-WHO. Derivation of MI occurred among both groups, but ROM regimen had higher percentage (94.83%) compared with MDT-WHO regimen (79.57%) with p value=0.003 (p <0.05). Conclusions: ROM regimen has better effectiveness than MDT-WHO regimen in the first 12 months in MB leprosy patients. [AMJ.2016;3(4):661â5]DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.955]]>
<![CDATA[Health Belief Model Theory Application on Voluntary Counseling and Testing among Homosexual Men in Bandung Greater Area ]]>
<![CDATA[Nareswara, Argya]]>;
<![CDATA[Murad, Chrysanti]]>;
<![CDATA[Afriandi, Irvan]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: The number of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) cases is high and is constantly increasing. Homosexual men as a transmission niche is not only significant in terms of numbers, but also in natural aspects of anal sex, tropism of HIV-1, and high-risk behavior. Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) is important for accelerating diagnosis and management plan; yet the uptake on high-risk population in Indonesia is low. A behavior-reasoning theory, Health Belief Model (HBM), attempts to explain whether or not individuals engage in certain health behavior. This study tries to assess participation rate of VCT, to portray HBM variables perception, and to depict significance of HBM variables towards VCT uptake or VCT intention. Methods: This study was conducted in October-November 2014 using cross-sectional design; 127 respondents were gathered according to Respondent Driven Snowball Sampling. This study used an internet-based questionnaire derived from Championâs 1984 mammogram HBM questionnaire. Privacy and compensation were obtained. The Chi square test and logistic regression of HBM variables were done. Results: The VCT uptake was low (15.7%). Certain sexual experience and commitment were significant (Commitment to Men p=0.027, Oral Sex experience with men p=0.001, Anal Sex Experience with men p=0.038). Chi Square test revealed significance on Perceived Susceptibility, Perceived Benefit, and Cues to Action. Conclusions: Uptake of VCT is considerably low compared with total high risk population and other similar studies. Personal Susceptibility to HIV/AIDS is recommended to be emphasized; while VCT Benefit and Cues to Action in young homosexual men communities are better encouraged. [AMJ.2016;3(4):595â604]DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.945]]>
<![CDATA[Correlation of Personal Hygiene Knowledge, Attitude and Practices among School Children in Sumedang, Indonesia ]]>
<![CDATA[Sudjana, Briska]]>;
<![CDATA[Afriandi, Irvan]]>;
<![CDATA[Djais, Julistio T. B.]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: School-age children make up the largest proportion of Indonesian youth population. One of the ways to maintain childrenâs health is by making personal hygiene as a habit. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of personal hygiene knowledge, attitude and practices among school children. Methods: A cross-sectional analytic study, was carried out to 123 sixth graders at five elementary schools in Jatinangor , Sumedang, Indonesia, who were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. This study was carried out in October 2013. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data of demographic characteristics of the subjects, knowledge, attitude and practice related to personal hygiene.The collected data was analyzed using Rank Spearman correlation with the level of significance was set at p< 0.05.Results: This study revealed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge and personal hygiene practice (p=0.016<0.05 and rs=0.358) and attitudes and personal hygiene practice (p=0.027<0.05 and rs=0.267).Conclusions: There is correlation of personal hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices, however, the correlation is weak. [AMJ.2016;3(4):549â55]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n4.937]]>
<![CDATA[Polypharmacy Treatment of Hypertensionin Public Health Centers ]]>
<![CDATA[A/P Nayagam, Vasanthi]]>;
<![CDATA[Afiatin, Afiatin]]>;
<![CDATA[Sastramihardja, Herri S.]]>
<![CDATA[ Althea Medical Journal Vol 3, No 4 (2016) ]]>
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<![CDATA[Background: Hypertension is one of the most prominent global diseases. Despite the availability of effective therapies, hypertension remains poorly controlled in Indonesia. In many cases, patientâs noncompliance may be attributable to the low patientsâ knowledge, attitude, and life-style practices such as polypharmacy. Polypharmacy is defined as the administration of many drugs at in one prescription. Polypharmacy increases expenses, possible adverse reaction to a single agent, incidence of drug interactions, and decreases patientâs compliance This study aimed to identify the practice of polypharmacy in hypertension treatment in primary health centers.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive observational study was carried out on 60 patients from two primary health centers in Jatinangor, West Java, Indonesia in October 2013. Sociodemographic profile, degree of hypertension, types of antihypertensive drugs, concomitant drugs given together with antihypertensive drugs, and treatment compliance data were collected and presented in tables and figures.Results: The incidence of hypertension was more common among male patients compared to female patients. Thirty-three patients (55%) have low compliance to their medication. Twenty-nine patients (48%) received single drug and 31 patients (52%) received more than one drugs.Conclusions: The percentage of polypharmacy practice in treating hypertension in primary health centers is 52%. The most frequently prescribed anti-hypertensive are angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and calcium-channel blockers (CCB). Most of hypertensive patients have low compliance to therapy. [AMJ.2016;3(4):633â9]Â DOI:Â 10.15850/amj.v3n4.951]]>
