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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
 55   56   57   58   59 
Zinc supplementation could modulate T cell to maintain interleukin-2 level in seropositive contact of leprosy patients
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 3 (2011): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i3.454

Abstract

Background: WHO classified the number of leprosy cases in Indonesia as number three in the world after India and Brazil. The number of new leprosy patients tends to increase since there is a possibility that seropositive leprosy is turning into manifest leprosy. The aim of this study was to analyze the influence of zinc supplementation on interleukin-2 (IL-2) level of seropositive contact of leprosy patients with marginal zinc deficiency. Methods: Twenty two subjects aged 20-40 years were recruited for this study. The zinc-supplemented group received 40 mg elemental Zn/d orally for 3 months. Seropositive leprosy was determined by examining IgM anti Phenolic Glycolipid-1 level and concentration of IL-2 in lymphocyte cell culture supernatant fluid were measured by Elisa method. Results: The IL-2 concentration in the subject in the zinc group was relatively not changed (p= 0.721), whereas that in placebo group tended to be significantly lower (p= 0.025) at the end of the study. Conclusion: There was a significant change of IL-2 level between both groups (p= 0.037). (Med J Indones 2011;20:201-4)
A risk prediction model of the incidence of occupational low back pain among mining workers
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 3 (2011): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i3.455

Abstract

Background: Low Back Pain (LBP) is the most frequently reported musculoskeletal disorder in workers. This study was aimed to develop risk prediction model of low back pain that can be used to prevent the recurring low back pain attack. Methods: The study was case-control design based on the industrial community by using ergonomical approach. Total samples were 91 workers for cases and 91 workers for controls. Workers suffering for low back pain in the last 6 months served as cases, and those from the same age group and receiving the same amount of exposure without any symptoms of low back pain served as controls. Risk factors include socio-demographic factors, socio-ocupational factors, physical working environmental factors, non-physical environmental factors, and biomechanics factors. Receiver Operating Characreistics (ROC) was used to describe relationship between true positive value (in vertical axis) and false positive value (in horizontal axis) in order to discover a risk predictive value of LBP. Results: The determinant risk factors for low back pain (LBP) were bending work postures, waist rotation movement, manual lifting, unnatural work postures, those who had worked for more than 18 years, and irregular sport activities. By using ROC with 91.20% senstivity and 87.90% spesifi city, the calculated prediction value was 0.35. This is the cut-off point to discriminate workers with and without LBP. The risk predictors value of work-induced LBP calculated by linear equation of logistic regression varied between 0-11.25. Conclusion: The prediction model of work-induced LBP can be used for early detection of LBP to reduce the risk and prevent the recurrence of LBP. (Med J Indones. 2011; 20:212-6)
Renin inhibitor in hypertension treatment: from pharmacological point of view
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 3 (2011): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i3.456

Abstract

The use of drugs that inhibit the renin-angiotensin system is one of the effective way to intervene in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular and renal disorders, especially in hypertension treatment. The idea of blocking the renin system at its origin by renin inhibitor has existed for more than 30 years. Renin inhibitor supresses the covension of angiotensinogen into angiotensin, and further deacreases the generation of the active peptide angiotensin II. The first generation (enalkiren) and second generation (remikiren) of orally active renin inhibitors were never used clinically because of low bioavailability and weak blood pressure-lowering activity. At present, aliskiren is the first non-peptide orally active renin inhibitor of the third generation to progress to phase III clinical trials and was approved by U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in March 2007. Aliskiren becomes the first renin inhibitor with indications for the treatment of hypertension in Indonesia, a compounds with improved oral bioavailability, specificity and efficacy. This review summarises the development of oral renin inhibitors, pharmacological aspects, with a focus on aliskiren. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:232-7)
The role of probiotics to improve gut health in the elderly
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 3 (2011): August
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i3.457

Abstract

Recent studies have reported that there is a group of microbiota, which have been shown to bring beneficial effects on human's health. They are called probiotics. Probiotics have been defined as live, non pathogenic microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefi t on the host. The administration of probiotics can change the composition of the gut microbiota. Several probiotics preparations seem to have a role in the prevention of certain diseases as well as treatment of various conditions. Probiotics have been shown to be helpful in relieving constipation, promoting recovery from diarrhea, reducing the risks of colorectal cancer, normalizing nutritional status, and improving the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and lactose intolerance. However, the benefits associated with probiotics are strain specific. Therefore, the use of probiotics to confer health benefits should indicate the dosage regimens of each probiotics strain, based on adequate clinical trials. Although probiotics are generally regarded as safe, careful monitoring should be performed on the use of probiotics in the elderly patients. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:226-31)
Cloning and expression of pab gene of M. tuberculosis isolated from pulmonary TB patient in E.coli DH5α
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.458

Abstract

Background: Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigen38 is a potent serodiagnostic agent containing two M. tuberculosis specific B-cell epitopes. The high price of imported diagnostic agents hinders realization of fast clinical TB diagnosis in developing countries. Therefore, we produced recombinant antigen38 (recAg38M) from M. tuberculosis local strain, which might be used to produce economical tuberculosis serodiagnostic kit. Methods: Pab gene that was isolated from pulmonary TB patient in Malang was cloned into a plasmid vector (pGEMTeasy) to construct pMB38. The E.coli DH5α clone carrying pMb38 was selected on X-gal medium. The expression of pab was mediated using pPRoExHTc under the control of Trc promoter and E.coli DH5α as host. Results: Alignment of the pab sequence from the white E.coli DH5α clones with that of M. tuberculosis H37Rv showed 98% homology. The recombinant protein in which the signal peptide has been deleted to prevent the protein being secreted into medium was found in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: pab gene of M. tuberculosis isolated from a TB patient could be expressed in heterologous system in E.coliDH5α. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:247-54) Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Pab gene expression, recombinant antigen38
E-cadherin and NM23HI as metastasis predictors for various degrees of histological malignancy in invasive ductal carcinoma
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.459

Abstract

Background: This study aims to analyze whether the expressions of E-cadherin and NM23HI can be used as predictors of ductal carcinoma metastasis in various degrees of malignancies. Methods: Paraffin blocks were obtained from 97 patients with invasive breast ductal carcinoma with malignancy grade 1, 2 and 3 who came to several hospitals in Jakarta and Bandung from 2000 to 2006. Histopathological examinations of hematoxylin eosin slides of primary and secondary tumors were done to diagnose the degree of histological malignancy and metastasis status. Further, immunohistochemistry staining of E-cadherin, NM23HI and cytokeratin were done followed by scoring according to the number of positive cells and staining intensity. The associations of E-cadherin and NM23H1 expression with the presence of metastasis and grade of histological malignancy were analyzed. Results: Subjects were 29-75 years old (mean: 48.19 years), with most subjects aged 40–45 years old, with malignancy grade 1, 2 and 3 of 18.56%, 45.36% and 36.1% respectively. There was a significant association between E-cadherin and NM23HI expression in primary tumors. The possibility of invasion and metastasis inhibition by positive E-cadherin and NM23HI was 14 and 11 times respectively compared to those with negative E-cadherin and/ or NM23HI expression. The ROC curve showed that E-cadherin (r= 0.755) and NM23HI (r= 0.827) expressions were strongly associated, sensitive and specific as metastasis markers. However, E-cadherin and NM23HI expression did not show significant association with histological degree of invasive ductal carcinoma. Conclusion: E-cadherin and NM23HI expressions can be used as invasion and metastasis markers, but cannot be used as markers for the degree of histological malignancy of invasive ductal carcinoma. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:263-70)
Effect of long-term physical training and detraining on myocyte structure and connective tissue of Wistar rat's ventricle: preliminary experiment in rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.460

Abstract

Background: This study was aimed to evaluate the structural changes of the ventricular myocardium in a physiological hypertrophic heart model due to long term aerobic and anaerobic physical training and detraining. Methods: In-vivo experimental study on Wistar rats (8 weeks old), weighing 150-250 grams who were divided into 3 large groups: control group, aerobic exercise group and anaerobic exercise group. Aerobic and anaerobic training were conducted for 4 and 12 weeks. At the end of 4 and 12 weeks of exercising, half of each exercising group was sacrificed to study the morphological and histopathological changes in myocardial structure. The remaining of the groups were given a period of 4 weeks of detraining and sacrificed at the end of the 8th and 16th week. Results: Significant differences in heart weight and left ventricular wall thickness was found in the 4 weeks of aerobic and anaerobic group compared to the control group (751.0 ± 36.5 gr and 791.1 ± 15.8 gr vs 588 ± 19.4 gr ), (3.34 ± 0.12 mm and 3.19 ± 0.1 mm vs 2.80 ± 0.07 mm). An increase in heart mass weight was observed in both 12 weeks aerobic and anaerobic training group compared to the control group (1030.8 ± 82.4 gr and 1140.4 + 0.24 gr vs 871.6 ± 62.0 gr). Heart volume of the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups showed a significant increase (3.58 ± 0.31 mm and 4.04 ± 0.30 mm) compared to the control group (2.82 ± 0.14 mm). The length of cardiomyocyte was in log 10 to normalize the data. There was a significant increase in the length of the cardiac muscle cells of the 4 weeks aerobic and anaerobic group (1.09± 0.08 µm and 1.00± 0.12 µm) compared with the control group (0.73± 0.1 µm). Width of heart muscle cells in the 4 weeks aerobic-anaerobic group showed a significant increase when compared to the control group (5.38± 1.3 µm and 5.5± 2.11 µm) vs (2.74± 0.53 µm). Significant reduction in the length of cardiac muscle cells in the detrained 4 weeks aerobic group (0.94± 0.08 µm) was found when compared to the treatment group (1.09± 0.08 µm). Significant differences were found between the length of cardiac muscle cells in the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups (1.3± 0.04 µm and 1.2± 0.07 µm) compared to the control group (0.95± 0.69 µm). Significant width increments of heart muscle cells was found in the 12 weeks aerobic-anaerobic groups (7.3± 1.01 µm and 6.44± 0.08 µm) compared to the control group (4.52 ± 0.91 µm). Conclusion: Long term aerobic and anaerobic training causes an increase in both wall thickness and diameter of the left ventricular cavity, as well as slight fibrosis. The increase in wall thickness, diameter, and fibrosis diminish during detraining period. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:271-7)
Telmisartan inhibits the progression of cardiomyopathy in daunorubicin treated rats: the role of advanced glycation end products
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.461

Abstract

Background: Anthracyclines have been reported to induce cardiotoxicity through mechanisms involving formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), including pentosidine and Nє”-(carboxymethyl) lysine (CML). We investigated the potential utility of telmisartan (TML), an angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARB) on anthracycline-induced cardiotoxicity. Methods: Three groups of Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as follows: The first group received daunorubicin (DNR) 3 mg/kgBW every alternating day to reach a cumulative dose of 9 mg/kg DNR . The second group received DNR plus TLM at a dose10 mg/kgBW, by oral gavage for 6 weeks, and the third group served as control group (CTL) which only received vehicle of DNR. Mean blood pressure (MBP) peak left ventricular pressure (LVP), LV end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), and intra-ventricular contractility (±dP/dt) were recorded by using Powerlab instrumentation. Ejection fraction (EF), and fractional shortening (FS) were measured by echocardiography. Expression of receptor of AGE (RAGE), pentosidine and CML were measured by immunohistochemistry and Western blot in LV tissue. Results: DNR treatment was associated with significant weakening of some hemodynamic parameters which could be reversed by TML (LVP: 124.3 ± 6.0; 111 ± 7; and 115.1 ± 5.4 mmHg, respectively in CTL, DNR and DNR-TLM groups; LVEDP: 7.5 ± 0.9; 10.7 ± 0.3; 8.7 ± 0.4 mmHg, respectively; +dP/dt: 6813 ± 541; 4800 ± 345; 5950 ± 398 mmHg/s, respectively). The same phenomenons were also observed on echocardiographic parameters (EF: 78.9 ± 1.8; 59.6 ± 1.4; 76.2 ± 2.75 %, resepectively; FS: 42.8 ± 1.7; 29.1 ± 1.3; 41 ± 2.7 %) respectively. Expression of RAGE as well as pentosidine and CML were increased in DNR-rats. TML treatment ameliorated these changes. Conclusion: These results suggested the role of AGE formation in DNR-induced cardiotoxicity and telmisartan could inhibit the progression of cardiac toxicity at least in part by reduction RAGE expressiom. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:255-62)
Wolf-Parkinson-White syndrome in young men presenting with palpitation: the pattern of delta waves in predicting location of accessory pathway
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.462

Abstract

Palpitation is a common presenting symptom in the emergency department. Wolf-Parkinson White (WPW) syndrome is a cardiac conduction disorder that may present with palpitation and lead to sudden cardiac death. WPW could be detected by  electrocardiogram (ECG). In this case report, we present two young male patients with WPW syndrome admitted to our hospital with history of repeated and progressive palpitation. ECG of the first patient revealed supraventricular tachycardia which converted to sinus rhythm after propanolol treatment. ECG showed sinus rhythm with delta wave in lead II,III,aVF, V1 suggesting the presence of accessory pathway (AP) in left lateral wall. Electrophysiology study confirmed the presence of AP and radio frequency catheter ablation was successfully done resulted in disappearance of delta on outpatient clinic ECG. Patient has no symptom and he do not have to take medication. ECG of the second patient revealed supraventricular tachycardia with abberancy. After amiodarone infusion, ECG showed sinus rhythm with delta wave in lead I,II,aVL suggesting the presence of accessory pathway in anteroseptal wall. Electrophysiology study and catheter ablation did not perform for this patient because of financial problem, however amidarone has to be taken regularly to prevent the recurrence of supraventricular tachycardia. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:298-301)Keywords: ECG, palpitation, supraventricular tachycardia, Wolf- Parkinson White syndrome
Twiddler's syndrome in patient with single chamber pacemaker
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.463

Abstract

Twiddler'€™s syndrome is a well-known complication of pacemaker treatment. This syndrome is characterized by coiling of the pacemaker lead due to the rotation of pacemaker generator on its long axis. Lead damage could cause lead facture or insulation leakage. The syndrome is also responsible for lead dislodgment, diaphragmatic stimulation, twitching upper arm due to plexus brachial nerve stimulation and loss of capture. Understanding risk factors and preventive measurement is very important. In this case report we present an 84 year-old patient who managed to rotate his single chamber pacemaker generator unintentionally following implantation in which the syndrome occurred within 2 months causing insulation leakage and battery depletion. For the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of twiddler'€™s syndrome in Indonesia. (Med J Indones 2011;20:295-7)

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