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INDONESIA
Medical Journal of Indonesia
Published by Universitas Indonesia
ISSN : 08531773     EISSN : 22528083     DOI : 10.13181
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
This quarterly medical journal is an official scientific journal of the Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia in collaboration with German-Indonesian Medical Association (DIGM) Indexed in: IMSEAR; CAB Abstracts; Global Health; HINARI; DOAJ; DRJI; Google Scholar; JournalTOCs; Ulrichsweb Global Serial Directory; WorldCat; New Jour; Electronic Journals Library; ISJD Accredited (2013-2018) by DIKTI Kemendikbud Republik Indonesia (No:58/DIKTI/Kep/2013)
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Articles 1,648 Documents
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The validity of rapid test to detect prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in seminal fluid
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.464

Abstract

Background: This study was conducted to determine whether the rapid test device can be used to detect PSA in seminal fluid specifically, for solving sexual assault cases. Methods: A cross sectional study has been conducted. A total of 45 samples were taken consecutively. Semen was diluted in serially up to 1:5.000.000 and male urin up to 1:200 using distilled water, whereas female urin was not diluted. Samples were analyzed using rapid test PSA. Results: The proportion of positive results of PSA in seminal fluid, male urin and female urin respectively was 100%, 6.67%, and 0%. Statistically, these differences are highly significant. The analysis revealed that the PSA rapid test device was 100% sensitive and 96.67% specific to detect seminal fluid. The test also have PPV 93.75%, NPV 100%, LR(+) 33.33, LR(-) 0, and AUC 0.983. Conclusion: PSA Rapid Test is very specific and sensitive to detect PSA in seminal fluid. Therefore, this device is suggested for forensic use in sexual assault cases. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:278-82)
Prevalence, characteristics, and predictors of pre-diabetes in Indonesia
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.465

Abstract

Background: Pre-diabetes is a state where glucose level higher than normal, but not satisfy the criteria for diabetes. This condition is very critical, so that if subject don'€™t do lifestyle modification and pharmacology therapy, they could fall to diabetes. This research objective is to describe the prevalence and predictors of pre-diabetes in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by Metabolic Endocrinology Division, Department of Internal Medicine FMUI/RSCM and Jakarta Diabetes and Lipid Center using secondary data from National Health Survey 2007. Total respondents are 24417 subjects from 33 provinces in Indonesia. We analyze characteristics, correlation, predictors, and attributable risks for some predictors of pre-diabetes and diabetes. Results: Prevalence of pre-diabetes (based on impaired glucose tolerance data) in Indonesia is 10%. Predictors of pre-diabetes are male, old-age, high socio-economic status, low education level, hypertension, obesity, central obesity, and smoking. Priority for pre-diabetes and diabetes prevention in Indonesia directed to decrease blood pressure (Attributable Risk/AR 56.5%), reduce waist circumference (AR 47.3%), and stop smoking (AR 44.4%). Conclusion: Prevalence of pre-diabetes in Indonesia is high so that we need a prevention strategy for pre-diabetes and the development from pre-diabetes to diabetes. The implementation of those strategies is compiled in the Indonesian Diabetes Prevention Program.(Med J Indones 2011; 20:283-94)
Cardiocerebral resuscitation: advances in cardiac arrest resuscitation
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.466

Abstract

Cardiac arrest remains a leading cause of death in the world. Although advances in emergency cardiac care has been achieved, the survival rate of those non hospitalized hospital cardiac arrest remains low. Update in guidelines for CPR and emergency cardiovascular, their approach to out of hospital cardiac arrest is far from optimal. This provides an opportunity to advocate cardiocerebral resuscitation as an alternative to traditional cardiopulmonary resuscitation for non hospitalized cardiac arrest. Because cardiocerebral resuscitation results in improved survival and cerebral function in patients with witnessed cardiac arrest and a shockable rhythm whom have greatest chance of survival, it should replace CPR especially for non hospitalized cardiac arrest.(Med J Indones 2011; 20:306-9)
Glaucoma and dry eye disease: the role of preservatives in glaucoma medications
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 20 No. 4 (2011): November
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v20i4.467

Abstract

Glaucoma is a common cause of irreversible blindness with increasing prevalence. Some of glaucoma patients will also experience dry eye. Dry eye is the most frequent side effect related to benzalkonium chloride (BAC)-containing eye drop used for glaucoma patients. In addition, glaucoma and dry eyes have shared risk factors that are old age and female. Dry eye among glaucoma patients need to be treated promptly as it produces discomfort, reduces patients'€™ compliance and decreases success rate of glaucoma therapy. Dry eye symptoms can be treated by applying preservative-free eye drop, giving combination of preservative containing and preservative-free eye drop to reduce BAC exposure, prescribing artificial tear and conducting surgery to minimize or eliminate the need of topical medication. (Med J Indones 2011; 20:302-5) Keywords: benzalkonium chloride, dry eye, glaucoma
Can mesenchymal stem cell survive in hydroxyapatite sulphate?
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.468

Abstract

Background: Many studies have reported the role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC) in treating fractures. In case with bone defect, fracture healing needs not only osteogenic but also osteoconductive component (scaffold). Hydroxyapatite calcium sulphate (HA-CaSO4) being widely used as bone void filler, may serve as scaffold for MSC. However, the effect of this scaffold to the viability of MSC has not been evaluated before.Methods: MSC were isolated from the iliac marrow of a Giant Flamish rabbit, and expanded in DMEM using histogradient density. After one week, they were sub-cultured in a 25cc TC flask (passage 1) and have the medium replaced every 3 days. During the subculture, we embedded a HA-CaSO4 pellet into the flask. The cells were evaluated under inverted microscope at a weekly interval.Results: At the first week, MSC are difficult to be identified in microscope due to the large number of HA-CaSO4 crystals. By the third week however MSC have grown and the HA-CaSO4 crystals can readily be washed off by medium replacement. By the fourth weeks, MSC can be still seen on microscope.Conclusion: HA-CaSO4 could serve as a good scaffold due to its pellet shape and easily absorbed, thus providing revascularization which is essential for bone healing.In addition, HA-CaSO4 does not interfere with MSC survival. (Med J Indones 2012;21:8-12)Keywords: Fracture healing, Hydroxyapatite Calcium Sulphate (HA-CaSO4), Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSC)
Ethnic difference in serum antibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein in healthy Malaysian subjects
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.469

Abstract

Background: Some populations are more susceptible to atherosclerotic diseases than others. Indians had a higher mortality due to coronary heart disease (CHD) than Chinese and Malays. Antibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein (Ab-oxLDL) are produced as an immune response to oxidized low density lipoprotein (oxLDL). The difference in prevalence of CHD among the ethnic groups may be related to the immune response. The objectives of this study were to determine the serum Ab-oxLDL levels and lipid profile among the three major Malaysian ethnic groups.Methods: The participants of this study were 150 healthy subjects consisting of 50 Malays, 50 Chinese and 50 Indians. Serum Ab-oxLDL was measured by enzyme immunoassay method. Serum triglycerides and total cholesterol were measured by enzymatic methods. Serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was measured by precipitation method and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was calculated using Friedewald formula.Results: AboxLDL level [adjusted mean (95% of CI)] was highest in Malays [1404 (1202-1607) mU/mL] followed by Chinese [1026 (829-1223) mU/mL] and Indians [954 (744-1163) mU/mL] (P = 0.006) and HDL-C level was highest in Chinese [1.53 (1.44-1.61) mmol/L] followed by Malays [1.44 (1.35-1.53) mmol/L] and Indians [1.35 (1.26-1.45) mmol/L] (P = 0.035).Conclusion: Our results indicate that Ab-oxLDL and HDL-C levels differed by ethnic and AboxLDL may have antiatherogenic properties among Malaysian ethnic groups. (Med J Indones 2012;21:18-22)Keywords: Antibodies to oxLDL, coronary heart disease, ethnic groups, LDL, lipid profile
Genotype distribution of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase A1298C and C677T gene in Indonesian infertile men
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.470

Abstract

Background: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) is an important enzyme of folate and methionin metabolism, making it crucial for DNA synthesis and methylation. Variants of MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene result in reduced plasma folate levels and increase the susceptibility to spermatogenic arrest. This research aims to analyses MTHFR C677T and A1298C gene polymorphism in Indonesian infertile men with azoospermia and oligozoospermia.Methods: This cross sectional study takes 3 mL of blood from 150 infertile men with oligozoospermia and azoospermia. MTHFR gene is analyzed using polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR) with specific primers. PCR-RFLP analysis of the MTHFR gene using restriction enzymes MboII and HinfI determines allotypes, both of SNP A1298C and C677T in oligozoospermia and azoospermia in Indonesian population.Results: The results show that the distribution of allotypes of MTHFR gene SNP A1298C and A677T is not significantly different (p>0.05) between patient groups with oligozoospermia and azoospermia.Conclusion: MTHFR gene polymorphisms, both of SNP A1298C and C677T are not associated with male infertility in Indonesian men including patients with severe oligozoospermia and azoospermia. (Med J Indones 2012;21:23-7)Keywords: DNA methylation, MTHFR, spermatogenic arrest
Influence of primaquine and ritonavir interaction on CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepG2 cell culture
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.471

Abstract

Background: Concomitant treatment with antimalaria and antiretroviral drug is a new challenge in the management of malaria and HIV co-infection. Primaquine is a substrate and also an inhibitor of CYP3A4, while ritonavir is a substrate, an inhibitor, and also an inducer for CYP3A4. The objective of this study is to measure the CYP3A4 mRNA expression in HepG2 cell culture induced by primaquine and ritonavir co-treatment. Methods: For the initial study HepG2 cells were treated with 30, 40, 50 uM of primaquine; 2, 10, 20 uM ritonavir; DMSO <0.1 % for negative control; or 20 uM rifampicin for positive control. While for the co-treatment study the cells were treated with 40 uM primaquine+10 uM ritonavir; DMSO <0.1 %; or 20 uM rifampicin for 72 hours. The cells were harvested using trypsin–EDTA and total RNA was extracted using the Tripure isolation reagent. After determining the quantity of RNA spectrophotometrically, CYP3A4 mRNA expression was quantified using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: The expression of CYP3A4 mRNA was up-regulated (1.22 fold over control) in HepG2 cells co-treated with primaquine and ritonavir. These data suggest that the induction effect of ritonavir was more dominant than the inhibitory effect of primaquine. Conclusion: Concomitant administration of primaquine and ritonavir result in up-regulation of CYP3A4 mRNA expression in vitro. (Med J Indones 2012;21:3-7) Keywords: CYP450 induction, CYP3A4, drug interaction, primaquine, ritonavir
Optimizing real-time PCR method to detect Leptospira spp. in human blood and urine specimens
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.472

Abstract

Background: Leptospirosis is an acute infectious disease in humans caused by Leptospira spp. and classified as a zoonosis. Clinical symptoms of leptospirosis are nonspecific and the current available laboratory method for detecting Leptospira spp. is difficult, which resulted to the misdiagnosis of this disease. Therefore, the rapid and accurate method is needed to diagnose the disease. This study was aimed to optimize molecular diagnostic test using real-time PCR assay as a rapid, sensitive and specific method for the detection of pathogenic Leptospira spp. in humans. Methods: Bacterial DNA was extracted by DNA extraction kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Primers and probes used in this study was based on previous and published research. The assay is performed using PCR-IQTM5, iCycler Multicolor real-time PCR detection system. Specificity of the primer used was evaluated towards some bacterial pathogens. Results: Limit detection of the DNA was 0.375 fg/ml and the primers used does not cross-react with the genomes of the pathogens tested. Limit detection of DNA in blood is 150 fg/μl, and in urine is 1470 fg/μl. Conclusion: Real-time PCR test is a rapid and accurate method for detecting pathogenic Leptospira spp. in human specimens. Further research is needed to determine the sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR tests compared with other diagnostic methods in clinical settings. (Med J Indones 2012;21:13-7) Keywords: Leptospirosis, Leptospira, optimization, real-time PCR
The effect of buceng extracts on androgen production in Sprague Dawley male rats
Medical Journal of Indonesia Vol. 21 No. 1 (2012): February
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13181/mji.v21i1.473

Abstract

Background: Buceng is a combination of plant of purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina Molk) and pasak bumi (Eurycomalongifolia Jack) that has been traditionally used to enhance adult male vitality. However, the mechanism of action of buceng has not been understood. This study was aimed to elucidate whether buceng could increasing Testosterone (Te), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), and Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) level in rats.Methods: 20 male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly assigned into two groups. After one week of acclimatization, control group was given aquadest 2 mL, while treated group B received 2 mL (containing 25 mg) buceng extract for seven successive days. The plasma concentration of Te, LH, and FSH were assesed by RIA and IRMA method respectively. Independent t-test was used to analyze the different concentration of Te, LH, FSH between the two groups.Results: Testosterone level of treated group was significantly higher (3.55 pg/mL) compared to control group (1.00 pg/mL), p = 0.003. LH concentrations of treated group (0.12 pg/mL) was slightly but not significantly higher compared to control group (0.11 pg/mL), p = 0.810. Likewise, the FSH level was not significantly different between the two groups (0.15 vs 0.14 pg/mL, p = 0.088).Conclusion: Administration of buceng extract increases testosteron level which might play a role in enhancing male vitality. (Med J Indones 2012;21:28-31)Keywords: Eurycomalongifolia Jack, FSH, LH, male vitality, Pimpinella alpina Molk, testosterone

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