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<![CDATA[The evaluation performance of letter-based technique on text steganography system ]]>
<![CDATA[Roshidi Din]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosmadi Bakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Sunariya Utama]]>;
<![CDATA[Jamaluddin Jasmis]]>;
<![CDATA[Shamsul Jamel Elias]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1440
<![CDATA[Steganography is a part of information hiding in covering the hidden message in any medium such as text, image, audio, video and others. This paper concerns about the implementation of steganography in text domain called text steganography. It intends to concentrate on letter-based technique as one of the representative techniques in text steganography. This paper displays some techniques of letter-based that is integrated in one system technique displayeed in a logical and physical design. The integrated system is evaluated using some parameter that is used in order to discover the performance in term of capacity after embedding process and the time consuming in the development process. This paper is anticipated to contribute in describing the implementation of the techniques in one system and to display the performance some parameter evaluation.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance analysis on secured data method in natural language steganography ]]>
<![CDATA[Roshidi Din]]>;
<![CDATA[Rosmadi Bakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Raihan Sabirah Sabri]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Yusof Darus]]>;
<![CDATA[Shamsul Jamel Elias]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1441
<![CDATA[The rapid amount of exchange information that causes the expansion of the internet during the last decade has motivated that a research in this field. Recently, steganography approaches have received an unexpected attention. Hence, the aim of this paper is to review different performance metric; covering the decoding, decrypting and extracting performance metric. The process of data decoding interprets the received hidden message into a code word. As such, data encryption is the best way to provide a secure communication. Decrypting take an encrypted text and converting it back into an original text. Data extracting is a process which is the reverse of the data embedding process. The effectiveness evaluation is mainly determined by the performance metric aspect. The intention of researchers is to improve performance metric characteristics. The evaluation success is mainly determined by the performance analysis aspect. The objective of this paper is to present a review on the study of steganography in natural language based on the criteria of the performance analysis. The findings review will clarify the preferred performance metric aspects used. This review is hoped to help future research in evaluating the performance analysis of natural language in general and the proposed secured data revealed on natural language steganography in specific.]]>
<![CDATA[FACTS device installation in transmission system using whale optimization algorithm ]]>
<![CDATA[Irham Syafiq Shahbudin]]>;
<![CDATA[Ismail Musirin]]>;
<![CDATA[Saiful Izwan Suliman]]>;
<![CDATA[Afdallyna Fathiyah Harun]]>;
<![CDATA[Sharifah Azma Syed Mustaffa]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi Suyono]]>;
<![CDATA[Nor Azura Md Ghani]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1442
<![CDATA[As the world is progressing forward, the load demand in the power system has been continuously increasing day by day. This situation has forced the power system to operate under stress condition due to its limitation. Therefore, due to the stressed condition, the transmission losses faced higher increment with a lower minimum voltage. Theoretically, the installation of the Flexible AC Transmission System (FACTS) device can solve the problem experienced by the power system. This paper presents the whale optimization algorithm for loss minimization using FACTS devices in the transmission system. Thyristor controlled series compensator (TCSC) is chosen for this study. In this study, WOA is developed to identify the optimal sizing of FACTS device for loss minimization in the power system. IEEE 30- bus RTS was used as the test system to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.]]>
<![CDATA[Performance comparison of distributed generation installation arrangement in transmission system for loss control ]]>
<![CDATA[S. A. S.]]>;
<![CDATA[I. Musirin]]>;
<![CDATA[S. I. Sulaiman]]>;
<![CDATA[M. H. Mansor]]>;
<![CDATA[S. A. Syed Mustaffa]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1443
<![CDATA[Placing Distributed Generation (DG) into a power network should be planned wisely. In this paper, the comparison of having different installation arrangement of real-power DGs in transmission system for loss control is presented. Immune-brainstorm-evolutionary programme (IBSEP) was chosen as the optimization technique. It is found that optimizing fixed-size DGs locations gives the highest loss reduction percentage. Apart from that, scattered small-sized DGs throughout a network minimizes transmission loss more than allocating one biger-sized DG at a location.]]>
<![CDATA[Detection of Aedes Aegypti Larvae using Single Shot Multibox Detector with Transfer Learning ]]>
<![CDATA[AB Ghani, Mohd Ruddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Ghazali, Rozaimi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ahmad Izzuddin, Tarmizi]]>;
<![CDATA[Fani Sulaima, Mohamad]]>;
<![CDATA[Jano, Zanariah]]>;
<![CDATA[Sutikno, Tole]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1263
<![CDATA[The flavivirus epidemiology has reached an alarming rate which haunts the world population including Malaysia. In fact, World Health Organization has proposed and practised many methods of vector control through environmental management, chemical and biological orientations but still cannot fully overcome the problem. This paper proposed a detection of Aedes Aegypti larvae in water storage tank using Single Shot Multibox Detector with transfer learning. The objective of the study was to acquire the training and the performance metrics of the detection. The detection was done using SSD with Inception_V2 through transfer learning. The experimental results revealed that the probability detection scored more than 80% accuracies and there was no false alarm. These results demonstrate the effectiveness of the model approach.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and implementation of microstrip rotman lens for ISM band applications ]]>
<![CDATA[Mohammed K. Al-Obaidi]]>;
<![CDATA[Ezri Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Noorsaliza Abdullah]]>;
<![CDATA[Samsul Haimi Dahlan]]>;
<![CDATA[Jawad Ali]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1392
<![CDATA[This work presents the design and implementation of Rotman lens as a beam steering device for Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) applications. 2.45 GHz is considered as a center frequency design with (2-6) GHz frequency bandwidth. The beam steering is examined to cover ±21o scan angle with maximum main lobe magnitude 10.1 dBi, rectangular patch antennas are used as radiation elements to beam the output far field. The work is extended to compare between the tapered line which is used for matching between 50-Ω ports and lens cavity. CST microwave simulation studio results show that the rectangular taper line can yield 2 dB return loss less than linear taper line with a little bit shifting in responses for same input and load impedance.]]>
<![CDATA[Effect of substrate placement in schott vial to hematite properties ]]>
<![CDATA[Wan Rosmaria Wan Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[M. H. Mamat]]>;
<![CDATA[A. S. Zoolfakar]]>;
<![CDATA[Z. Khusaimi]]>;
<![CDATA[A. S. Ismail]]>;
<![CDATA[T. N. T. Yaakub]]>;
<![CDATA[M. Rusop]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1391
<![CDATA[In the present study, hematite (α-Fe2O3) nanostructures were deposited on fluorine doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrate using sonicated immersion synthesis method. The effect of FTO glass substrate placement in Schott vial during immersion process was studied on the growth of the hematite nanostructure and its properties. XRD pattern has revealed seven diffraction peaks of α-Fe2O3 for both hematite nanostructures samples attributed to polycrystalline with rhombohedral lattice structure. The surface morphologies from FESEM have shown that the hematite nanostructures were grown uniformly in both samples with FTO conductive layer facing up and down. Hematite sample with FTO facing down exhibits a smaller size of nanorod, 26.7 nm average diameter, compared to the hematite sample that FTO face up with 53.8nm average diameter. Optical properties revealed higher transmittance in the sample with FTO facing down, probably due to smaller size of nanostructure. The optical band gap energy plotted and extrapolated at 2.50eV and 2.55eV for FTO face up and FTO face down hematite samples respectively, presenting the sample with FTO face up has a lower optical bandgap energy.]]>
<![CDATA[A low quiescent current low dropout voltage regulator with self-compensation ]]>
<![CDATA[Chu-Liang Lee]]>;
<![CDATA[Roslina Mohd Sidek]]>;
<![CDATA[Nasri Sulaiman]]>;
<![CDATA[Fakhrul Zaman Rokhani]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1385
<![CDATA[This paper proposed a low quiescent current low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO) with self-compensation loop stability. This LDO is designed for Silicon-on-Chip (SoC) application without off-chip compensation capacitor. Worst case loop stability phenomenon happen when LDO output load current (Iload) is zero. The second pole frequency decreased tremendously towards unity-gain frequency (UGF) and compromise loop stability. To prevent this, additional current is needed to keep the output in low impedance in order to maintain second pole frequency. As Iload slowly increases, the unneeded additional current can be further reduced. This paper presents a circuit which performed self-reduction on this current by sensing the Iload. On top of that, a self-compensation circuit technique is proposed where loop stability is self-attained when Iload reduced below 100μA. In this technique, unity-gain frequency (UGF) will be decreaed and move away from second pole in order to attain loop stability. The decreased of UGF is done by reducing the total gain while maintaining the dominant pole frequency. This technique has also further reduced the total quiescent current and improved the LDO’s efficiency. The proposed LDO exhibits low quiescent current 9.4μA and 17.7μA, at Iload zero and full load 100mA respectively. The supply voltage for this LDO is 1.2V with 200mV drop-out voltage. The design is validated using 0.13μm CMOS process technology.]]>
<![CDATA[Low Insertion Loss of Surface Mount Device Low Pass Filter at 700 MHz ]]>
<![CDATA[Anuar Khairi, Khairil]]>;
<![CDATA[Faizal Jamlos, Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Padmanathan, Surentiran]]>;
<![CDATA[Aminudin Jamlos, Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad Isa, Muammar]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1386
<![CDATA[The paper involved with the design, simulation and fabrication of 6th order elliptical-based Surface Mount Device (SMD) LPF with cutoff frequency at 700 MHz. Fabricated LPF is consisted of four PCB layers which components of SMD are soldered on the top layer. Another three layers is for grounding and shielding, power supply and grounding void. The four layers is crucial to avoid interference between components.    The research has find out that the momentum simulation is definitely required to improve the signals response compared to a normal simulation by ADS software. The comparison between momentum simulated versus measured and normal simulated versus measured is 0.2 dB and 29 dB correspondingly. Such huge difference leads to conclusion that momentum simulation is saving time without having much struggles and efforts to get optimum readings. The Proposed SMD LPF has a very low insertion loss of 0.965dB with a transition region of 195 MHz which is good steepness to avoid any image frequency. ]]>
<![CDATA[Effective and efficient network anomaly detection system using machine learning algorithm ]]>
<![CDATA[Mukrimah Nawir]]>;
<![CDATA[Amiza Amir]]>;
<![CDATA[Naimah Yaakob]]>;
<![CDATA[Ong Bi Lynn]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 1: March 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i1.1387
<![CDATA[Network anomaly detection system enables to monitor computer network that behaves differently from the network protocol and it is many implemented in various domains. Yet, the problem arises where different application domains have different defining anomalies in their environment. These make a difficulty to choose the best algorithms that suit and fulfill the requirements of certain domains and it is not straightforward. Additionally, the issue of centralization that cause fatal destruction of network system when powerful malicious code injects in the system. Therefore, in this paper we want to conduct experiment using supervised Machine Learning (ML) for network anomaly detection system that low communication cost and network bandwidth minimized by using UNSW-NB15 dataset to compare their performance in term of their accuracy (effective) and processing time (efficient) for a classifier to build a model. Supervised machine learning taking account the important features by labelling it from the datasets. The best machine learning algorithm for network dataset is AODE with a comparable accuracy is 97.26% and time taken approximately 7 seconds. Also, distributed algorithm solves the issue of centralization with the accuracy and processing time still a considerable compared to a centralized algorithm even though a little drop of the accuracy and a bit longer time needed.]]>
