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Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 627 Documents
Evaluation of patient electrocardiogram datasets using signal quality indexing Nayan, Nazrul Anuar
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1289

Abstract

Electrocardiogram (ECG) is widely used in the hospital emergency rooms for detecting vital signs, such as heart rate variability and respiratory rate. However, the quality of the ECGs is inconsistent. ECG signals lose information because of noise resulting from motion artifacts. To obtain an accurate information from ECG, signal quality indexing (SQI) is used where acceptable thresholds are set in order to select or eliminate the signals for the subsequent information extraction process. A good evaluation of SQI depends on the R-peak detection quality. Nevertheless, most R-peak detectors in the literature are prone to noise and motion artifacts. This paper assessed and compared five peak detectors from different resources. The two best peak detectors were further tested using MIT-BIH arrhythmia database and then used for SQI evaluation. These peak detectors robustly detected the R-peak for signals that include noise. Finally, the overall SQI of three patient datasets, namely, Fantasia, CapnoBase, and MIMIC-II, was conducted by providing the interquartile range (IQR) and median SQI of the signals as the outputs. The evaluation results revealed that the R-peak detectors developed by Clifford and Behar showed accuracies of 98% and 97%, respectively. By introducing SQI and choosing only high-quality ECG signals, more accurate vital sign information will be achieved.
Three Dimensional Frequency Selective Surface With Band-Reject Multiple Transmission Zero And Pseudo-Elliptic Response Dutta, Bimal Raj; Kanaujia, Binod Kumar; Dalela, Chhaya
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1292

Abstract

The three-dimensional Frequency Selective Surface (3D FSS) with band reject multiple transmission zeros and pseudo-elliptic response is designed from two-dimensional (2D) periodic array of shielded micro strip lines to realize wide out-of –band radio wave rejection. This 3D FSS array consists of multimode cavities whose coupling with air can be controlled to obtain a desired frequency range. The proposed FSS with shorting via to ground exhibits pseudo-elliptic band-reject response in the frequency range from 6GHz to 14GHz. As the plane wave of linear polarization incidents perpendicularly to the shielded micro strip line with perfect electric conductor (PEC) and perfect magnetic conductor (PMC) boundary walls, two quasi-TEM modes are obtained known as air mode and substrate mode. The designed 3D FSS is a combination of two or more resonators. Furthermore, second 3D FSS design with three shorting via result more elliptic band reject frequency response and a pass band transmission pole. The in phase resonators of design give transmission poles and out of phase combination of resonators give transmission zeros respectively. The proposed 3D FSS is designed and simulated using Ansys HFSS software. The 3D FSS designs with wide out-of-band rejection and stable frequency response exhibit an improved performance over 2D FSS for many practical applications such as antenna sub-reflector, radomes and spatial filters.
Efficient FPGA implementation of high speed digital delay for wideband beamforming using parallel architectures Carlo Cardarilli, Gian; Luca Di Nunzio, Ing.; Fazzolari, Rocco; Giardino, Daniele; Matta, Marco; Re, Marco; Spanò, Sergio; Simone, Lorenzo
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1483

Abstract

In this paper, the authors present an FPGA implementation of a digital delay for beamforming applications. The proposed digital delay is based on a new architecture about the Parallel FIR Filter which is used to describe the Parallel Farrow Filter. Such architecture allows to reach very high processing rate with wideband signals and it is suitable to be used along with Time-Interleaved Analog to Digital Converters (TI-ADC).
The Effects of Rain Fade on Millimetre Wave Channel in Tropical Climate Ali Budalal, Asma; Md Rafiqul, Islam; Hadi Habaebi, Mohamed; Abd. Rahman, Tharek
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1487

Abstract

Abstract—The main objective of this paper to determine multipath and time varying channel behavior of short- terrestrial millimetre-wave point-to-point radio links. With considering of rain fade in tropical climate. In an attempt to invigorate the impact of rain attenuation on mm-wave channel parameters such as the RMS delay spread, path loss received power strength and Rician distribution with a K factor. A brief analysis of rain fading was presented based on the simultaneous measurement of one-minute rain rate and its effects on a short experimental link of 38 GHz. Rain fade average is observed as high as 16 dB for 300 m path at about 125 mm/hr rain intensity. The statistical spatial channel mode (SSCM)simulation software was utilized for an operating frequency of 38 GHz. To generate of power delay profile (PDP). For both omnidirectional and directional antenna. The RMS delay spread, path loss has been estimated using the environmental parameters of Kuala Lumpur city which illustrates the theoretical performances of 5G in Malaysia. it is observed that RMS delay spread, path loss received power strength and K factor effected dramatically by rein fade. (SSCM) simulation software has to be modified to consider rain fade dynamic in the tropical area. This study is important for understanding signal propagation phenomena in short distance and enabling the utilization of the millimeter wave band in outdoor activities for 5 G communication system in outdoor in tropical regions.
Classification of different types of metal from recyclable household waste for automatic waste separation system Yusoff, Siti Hajar; Mahat, Sazali; Midi, Nur Shahida; Zaini, Syasya Azra
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1488

Abstract

Nowadays, solid waste has become a major problem in Malaysia. However, most people in Malaysia are not aware and take this problem for granted. The rising number of population and massive development in recent years indirectly generated an enormous value of household waste, making the household waste the main generator for solid waste in Malaysia. It stated that only 5 percent of an average 30,000 tons of waste have been recycled in Malaysia. The purpose of the paper is to design a system to separate the metal recyclable household waste automatically and record the data waste collected. There are total of four detectors used to separate the non-metal, steel, copper and aluminum metal waste. The average time used to complete metal separation process by using the proposed prototype is 14.5 seconds.  This paper includes a mechanical part, programming part, an electronic design and also the data collected from this proposed system. The system will be programmed using Arduino Mega as a microcontroller to control all the electronic component in the system.
Long Range Channel Characteristics Through Foliage Binti Masadan, Nurul Afifah; Hadi Habaebi, Mohamed; Hajar Yusoff, Siti
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1489

Abstract

Long Range Low Power Wide Area Network (LoRa LPWAN) technology is unique and remarkable technology because of its long-range coverage, low power consumption and low cost system architecture. These features have allowed Lora LPWAN to become a favorable option for performing communication in most of IoT wireless applications. In this paper, the foliage effect has been studied in terms of attenuation and its overall contribution to the path-loss and link budget calculations.  Specifically, 5 tree types were studied and their contribution to the path loss were quantified for different path crossings (e.g., trunk, tree-top and branches). The trees are Licuala Grandis, Mimusops Elengi, Mangifera Indica, Cyrtostachys Renda and Livistona Chinensis. Mimusops Elengi tree gave the strongest mean foliage attenuation accumulating up to 20 dB, due to its big size and crown density. Trunks contribute even higher attenuation in comparison to tree-tops and branches. The Okumura/Hata, Log-normal shadowing and foliage models are used as references for this propagation models development in this paper. Our study showed that Okumura fails to capture the effect of foliage in an environment rich in trees and biodiversity. This demonstrates the need for considering the tropical environment where the characterization of foliage attenuation plays an important role in determining the propagation model path-loss and link budget needed for network design and planning.
Improved voice quality with the combination of transport layer & audio codec for wireless devices Khalifa, Othman O.; Roslin, Raihan Jannati Binti; Bhuiyan, Sharif Shah Newaj
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1490

Abstract

Improving voice quality over wireless communication becomes a demanding feature for social media apps like facebook, whatsapp and other communication channels. Voice-over-internet protocol (VoIP) helps us to make quick telephone calls over the internet. It includes various mechanism which are signaling, controlling and transport layer. Over wireless links, packet loss and high transmission delay damage voice quality. Here VoIP quality will be measured by three main elements which are signaling protocol, audio codec and transport layer. To improve the overall voice quality, we need to combine these three elements properly to get the best score. Otherwise perceptual speech quality will not be the right tool to measure the voice quality. Here we will use Mean Opinion Score (MOS) for calculated jitter values and end to end delay. At the end, best combination of audio codec & signaling protocol produced the quality speech.
Automatic household waste separation system based on resistance value and moisture content Ahamad, Nurul Nazihah; Mohamad, Sarah Yasmin; Midi, Nur Shahida; Yusoff, Siti Hajar; Rahman, Faridah Abd
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1491

Abstract

In the new era of globalization, waste disposal has turned into an immense concern among the nation. Nowadays, almost every part of the world is confronting a huge issue of improper disposal, segregation and recycling solid waste. Due to rapid growth in economy, industrialization and urbanization, there is also a rapid increase of capacity and volume of solid waste. As a result, improper management of solid waste lead to disturbance to the environment and human health. In this paper, a fully automated waste separation system to discriminate residual and recyclable waste is proposed. The system is designed to focus on household waste, since household waste ranks the highest volume of waste among others. It is designed to separate household waste into recyclable and residual waste according to the materials’ state, which is dry and wet, by employing a moisture sensor to the waste separation system.
A Novel Bio-Inspired Routing Algorithm based on ACO for WSNs Sharmin, Afsah Sharmin; Anwar, F. Anwar; M. A. Motakabber, S.
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1492

Abstract

The methods to achieve efficient routing in energy constrained wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is a fundamental issue in networking research. A novel approach of ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm for discovering the optimum route for information transmission in the WSNs is proposed here for optimization and enhancement. The issue of path selection to reach the nodes and vital correspondence parameters, for example, the versatility of nodes, their constrained vitality, the node residual energy and route length are considered since the communications parameters and imperatives must be taken into account by the imperative systems that mediate in the correspondence procedure, and the focal points of the subterranean insect framework have been utilized furthermore. Utilizing the novel technique and considering both the node mobility and the existing energy of the nodes, an optimal route and best cost from the originating node to the target node can be detected. The proposed algorithm has been simulated and verified using MATLAB and the simulation results demonstrate that new ACO based algorithm achieved improved performance, about 30% improvement compared with the traditional ACO algorithm, and faster convergence to determine the best cost route, and recorded an improvement in the energy consumption of the nodes per transmission.
Principal component analysis for human gait recognition system Khalifa, Othman O.; Jawed, Bilal; Bhuiyn, Sharif Shah Newaj
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019
Publisher : Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1493

Abstract

This paper represents a method for Human Recognition system using  Principal Component Analysis. Human Gait recognition works on the gait of walking subjects to identify people without them knowing or without their permission. The initial step in this kind of system is to generate silhouette frames of walking human. A number of features couldb be exytacted from these frames such as centriod ratio, heifht, width and orientation. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used for the extracted features to condense the information and produces the main components that can represent the gait sequences for each waiking human. In the testing phase, the generated gait sequences are recognized by using a minimum distance classifier based on eluclidean distance matched with the one that already exist in the database used to identify walking subject.