Articles
627 Documents
<![CDATA[Smartphone Aided Real-Time Blood Vein Detection System ]]>
<![CDATA[Istiaque Ahmed, Kazi]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi Habaebi, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Islam, Md Rafiqul]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1514
<![CDATA[This paper aims to develop a real-time integrated system for the detection of the blood vein utilizing an Android Mobile App. The system is intended to be a low cost solution for medical teams at clinics, emergency rooms and hosptials. The system reduces the enjuries incurred due to inaccuracies during the process of frequent needle injection when blood vein is not visible during patient’s skin inspection. Illuminated infrared light in the blood cells of the vein is absorbed due to the manifestation of the Haemoglobin in blood and the IR non-blocking camera can capture the vein patterns in the IR light spectrum. Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm was used to enhance the pattern of the vein in the Android application developed using OpenCV3. Developed system can detect the veins up to 7mm underneath of human skin in real time with a frame rate of 25fps. This is a far better improvement than commercial systems that can detect veins only below 10mm underneath the skin. Moreover, this system not only focused on needle infusion but also it can be used to indicate the place of bleeding for the clots from the human body strokes, etc. in the upper layer of skin. It can also be used to detect & measure liquids in encapsulated in confined dark bottles, for example, liquid chemical pouring into the bottles in the chemical companies, liquid medicine pouring to bottles, etc. The system can be further developed to detect skin infection and other dermatological diseases underneath the skin.]]>
<![CDATA[Capacitive Electrode Sensor Implanted on a Printed Circuit Board Designed for Continuous Water Level Measurement ]]>
<![CDATA[Abdullahi, Salami Ifedapo]]>;
<![CDATA[Habaebi, Mohamed Hadi]]>;
<![CDATA[Malik, Noreha Abdul]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1515
<![CDATA[Water level sensors are one of the practical ways to get the actual measurement of the depth of a dam or canal. The ease of deployment and easy data acquisition makes them widely used in many fields. Therefore, it will be advantageous to have a miniaturized water level sensor for easier mobility and deployment. A novel method for measuring water level using a Printed Circuit Board has been proposed in this paper. The design stages of circuit sketching, printing of sketch on PCB and etching are discussed for the electrode water level sensor. A signal conditioning circuit is necessary to maintain a steady flow of current from the power source. The fabricated electrode water level sensor was tested based on its capacitive effect while charging up and the amount of current at each electrode finger at the saturation stage. The hardware enablers for this test were the multimeter and LCR meter. Arduino microprocessor was used to test and measure the transient response time for each electrode finger. The transient response sensitivity of the electrode sensor is measured to be 0.0873 millisecond/cm while the resolution of the electrode sensor is 0.1cm over a range of 30cm water level. A multiple correlation of 0.921 was achieved for the water level, measured current and measured capacitance with P-values less than 0.05 indicating strength of the data obtained from the tests conducted. The result showed strong evidence that the electrode water level sensor can be an alternative method of measuring water level.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and Optimize Microstrip Patch Antenna Array using the Active Element Pattern Technique ]]>
<![CDATA[Ali, Khamis]]>;
<![CDATA[Abdul Malek, Norun]]>;
<![CDATA[Zamani Jusoh, Ahmad]]>;
<![CDATA[Yasmin Mohamad, Sarah]]>;
<![CDATA[Zainal Abidin, Zuhairiah]]>;
<![CDATA[Liza Asnawi, Ani]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1516
<![CDATA[Microstrip patch antennas are widely used in modern day communication devices due to their light weight, low cost and ease of fabrication. In this paper, we have designed and fabricated two Microstrip Patch Antennas (slotted-ring and truncated-slotted ring) and array at 2.4 GHz for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications using Computer Simulation Technology, CST. The antenna design consists of rectangular radiating patch on Rogers RT5880 substrate and is excited by using coaxial probe feeding technique. The truncated-slotted ring has been designed on top of the radiating patch to improve bandwidth. The simulation and measurement results of the both antennas are in close agreement with each other. Due to the good agreement of simulation and measurement results of truncated-slotted ring antenna in comparison with slotted-ring antenna, it has been selected for antenna array design. The simulated and measured S11 of truncated-slotted ring antenna shows -21dB and -15.6 dB at 2.4 GHz respectively. Then, the antenna has been formed into 1x4 array in order to observe its beamforming capability. The proposed antenna array is suitable for 802.11b/g/n Wi-Fi standard which is proposed to be used for IoT.]]>
<![CDATA[Distinctive Features for Normal and Crackles Respiratory Sounds using Cepstral Coefficients ]]>
<![CDATA[H. Mohd Johari, N.]]>;
<![CDATA[Malik, Abdul]]>;
<![CDATA[A. Sidek, K.]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1517
<![CDATA[Classification of respiratory sounds between normal and abnormal is very crucial for screening and diagnosis purposes. Lung associated diseases can be detected through this technique. With the advancement of computerized auscultation technology, the adventitious sounds such as crackles can be detected and therefore diagnostic test can be performed earlier. In this paper, Linear Predictive Cepstral Coefficient (LPCC) and Mel-frequency Cepstral Coefficient (MFCC) are used to extract features from normal and crackles respiratory sounds. By using statistical computation such as mean and standard deviation (SD) of cepstral based coefficients it can differentiate between crackles and normal sounds. The statistical computations of the cepstral coefficient of LPCC and MFCC show that the mean LPCC except for the third coefficient and first three statistical coefficient values of MFCC’s SD provide distinctive feature between normal and crackles respiratory sounds. Hence, LPCCs and MFCCs can be used as feature extraction method of respiratory sounds to classify between normal and crackles as screening and diagnostic tool.]]>
<![CDATA[Efficient 3D Stereo Vision Stabilization for Multi-camera Viewpoints ]]>
<![CDATA[Shah Newaj Bhuiyan, Sharif]]>;
<![CDATA[O. Khalifa, Othman]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1518
<![CDATA[In this paper, an algorithm is developed in 3D Stereo vision to improve image stabilization process for multi-camera viewpoints. Finding accurate unique matching key-points using Harris Laplace corner detection method for different photometric changes and geometric transformation in images. Then improved the connectivity of correct matching pairs by minimizing the global error using spanning tree algorithm. Tree algorithm helps to stabilize randomly positioned camera viewpoints in linear order. The unique matching key-points will be calculated only once with our method. Then calculated planar transformation will be applied for real time video rendering. The proposed algorithm can process more than 200 camera viewpoints within two seconds.]]>
<![CDATA[Multiband Antenna using Stacked Series Array for Ka-Band Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Nibir, Rauful]]>;
<![CDATA[Rafiqul, Islam Md.]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi Habaebi, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Yasmin, Sarah]]>;
<![CDATA[Mukit, Naimul]]>;
<![CDATA[Rafiq, Sarah]]>;
<![CDATA[O, Abdinasir S.]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1519
<![CDATA[In this paper, a multiband stack series array antenna is designed in order to attain solutions for the future 28 GHz Ka-band application. Double layer substrate Technology is utilized to accomplish multiple resonant frequencies with higher data transfer capacities due to high bandwidth. The designed antenna is dependent on twofold layer consisting patches and resonators in different layers stacked together. The designed multiband antennas can resonate at single band of (28 GHz), dual band of (28 and 30 GHz) and triple band of (24.18, 26 and 28.453). The results achieved in the simulation are later fabricated and tested. The test result illustrates that the antennas have wide bandwidth, high gain and even higher efficiencies. All the proposed antenna configurations have demonstrated a decent possibility for 5G millimeter wave (mmwave) application]]>
<![CDATA[Development of Web-based Surveillance System for Internet Of Things (IoT) Application ]]>
<![CDATA[Noorjannah Ibrahim, Siti]]>;
<![CDATA[H. Hasan Basri, A.]]>;
<![CDATA[Liza Asnawi, Ani]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1520
<![CDATA[With the advancement of wireless technology, our dependency on smart system has increases to a higher level than before. Without doubt, integration between different technologies becomes inevitable in order create affordable surveillance system. This paper presents the development of with web-based surveillance system with a dedicated Android-based mobile application using a Raspberry Pi and its supporting components i.e., Pi-Camera, PIR motion sensor, Ultrasonic sensor, web-based & mobile application. The designed system also utilizes Node-Red development tools as the platform to integrate all components of the system, MQTT as the communication protocol for data acquisition and ThingSpeak as the middleware. The proposed system can be implemented over the internet using any computer and mobile devices, at anywhere and anytime. The system can automatically stream live video viewed from the Android mobile application and the Raspberry Pi device can send an alert notification to users via email and SMS. The system can be one possible features in smart home system and is considered as an affordable solution, customizable and easy to implement in comparison with other commercial surveillance system products such as CCTV or IP Camera]]>
<![CDATA[Investigation on the Mass Sensitivity of Quartz Crystal Microbalance Gas Sensor using Finite Element Simulation ]]>
<![CDATA[Ralib, Aliza Aini Md]]>;
<![CDATA[Zamri, Nik Nursyahida Bt Nik Mohd]]>;
<![CDATA[Hazadi, Ahmad Hafiz Faqruddin]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahim, Rosminazuin Ab]]>;
<![CDATA[Za’bah, Norfarahidah]]>;
<![CDATA[Saidin, Norazlina]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1521
<![CDATA[The increasing global trends in healthcare priorities towards improving the effectiveness of diagnostic procedure by utilizing a non-invasive method which is breath analysis. This will benefit in increasing treatment efficiency and also reducing healthcare costs. Breath is a simple technique where the sample are easily obtained and can be provided immediately. The most popular method that had been used in hospital are urine and blood. Contradict with breath, urine and blood take too much time to analyse the disease and a painful process. The detection technique of breath analysis is done by using electroacoustic wave sensor from piezoelectric substrate. This acoustic wave sensor has been used to detect the changes in the frequency where it will be used to detect the disease. Breath analysis is a technique where it uses an electronic nose (E-nose) as a device. E-nose consist of Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) sensor in order to differentiate odor in human breath. QCM is a sensitive weighing device which have a high efficiency. AT-cut quartz was chosen as the piezoelectric material and aluminum as the electrode. The objective of this paper is to design and simulate a QCM sensor for breath analysis application. Other than that, it also to determine the important key parameters that influence the performance of breath analysis which is sensitivity and resonant frequency. QCM sensor is being simulate by using COMSOL Multiphysics software. This is to evaluate the behavior of QCM sensor in terms of Eigen frequency analysis. The simulated QCM sensor with quartz radius of 166 um resonates at 8.871 MHz. The sensitivity of the sensor is 0.167 MHz/ng after exposed to acetone gas which act as the breath marker for detection of diseases in exhaled breath.Hence, the proposed design can be used as a non-invasive approach for early detection of disease through breath analysis.]]>
<![CDATA[Design and Parametric Evaluation of UWB Antenna for Array Arrangement ]]>
<![CDATA[Ahmed Shaikh, Faraz]]>;
<![CDATA[Khan, Sheroz]]>;
<![CDATA[Zahirul Alam, AHM]]>;
<![CDATA[Baillargeat, Dominique]]>;
<![CDATA[Hadi Habaebi, Mohamed]]>;
<![CDATA[Bin Yaacob, Mashkuri]]>;
<![CDATA[Shah, Jawad]]>;
<![CDATA[Shahid, Zeeshan]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 3: September 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i3.1522
<![CDATA[This paper has introduced the concept of UWB antenna in array arrangements.The four elements of Balance Antipodal Vivaldi Antenna (BAVA) has been used for planar and h-plane array configuration in this research. Each single element of BAVA Antenna is printed on the glass-reinforced epoxy laminate material (FR4) along an overall thickness of 1.57mm and εr = 4.3 respectively. The optimized measurement of each particular element is 60.75mm x 66mm approximatel.Further the parametric evaluation of four BAVA elements in different planes has been observed in this paper. The placement of array elements has almost coverd entire UWB frequency range and appropriate reflection coefficient which is better than -10dB has been established in both combinations.According to simulation results, the array elements in planar arrangement presenting a suitable reflection and works well at 3.2GHz frequency while the arrangement in h-plane the array elements works well at 7GHz of frequency. In planar arrangement, the operating frequency of antenna elements is shifting as results of the distance among inter elements which increase in wavelength. In h-plane arrangement an antenna elements generate additional gain up to 10.2 dB with good radiation patterns as compared to the planar plane. The CSTMWS simulation software has been used for antenna structural design and parametric verification.]]>
<![CDATA[Recyclable Waste Separation System Based on Material Classification using Weight and Size of Waste ]]>
<![CDATA[Midi, Nur Shahida]]>;
<![CDATA[Rahmad, Muhammad Aizat]]>;
<![CDATA[Yusoff, Siti Hajar]]>;
<![CDATA[Mohamad, Sarah Yasmin]]>
<![CDATA[ Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Vol 8, No 2: June 2019 ]]>
Publisher : <![CDATA[Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science ]]>
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DOI: 10.11591/eei.v8i2.1523
<![CDATA[Insufficient landfills problem had increased the needs to decrease the waste and recycling them. However, despite the efforts done by the government and local authorities on promoting recycling culture by introducing new laws and regulations, the awareness and willingness among the community is still low. One of the possible reasons to this is lack of effort to categorize the waste into the designated category which are paper, glass, plastic and metal. In order to address this problem, it is important to design a system that will ease the process of categorizing the waste. This can be achieve by the automation of the said process. In this work, a system consist of an algorithm and hardware to automatically categorize recyclable waste is proposed. The proposed system are utilizing weight sensor and ultrasonic sensors in order to capture the characteristics of the waste item, which are weight and size so that it can be categorized into paper, glass, plastic and metal. Here, a sytem to automatically separate household waste item is presented by combining an algorithm with a set of hardware consist of minimal number of sensors, conveyer belt and servor motors.]]>
