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Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1410959x     EISSN : 25280791     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture, Engineering,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Engineering
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian (JPPTP) adalah media ilmiah penyebaran hasil penelitian/pengkajian inovasi pertanian untuk menunjang pembangunan pertanian wilayah.Jurnal ini memuat hasil penelitian/pengkajian primer inovasi pertanian, khususnya yang bernuansa spesifik lokasi. Jurnal diterbitkan secara periodik tiga kali dalam satu tahun.
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Search results for , issue "Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014" : 16 Documents clear
PRODUKSI DAN ANALISIS EKONOMI SAPI BALI YANG DIBERI PAKAN PELEPAH SAWIT DI MUSIM KEMARAU, SUMATERA BARAT Hendri, Yanovi; Andam Dewi, Ratna
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Production and Economic Analysis of Bali Cattle Using Feed of Palm Frond During Dry Season, West Sumatera. Problems of cattle feed during dry season could be solved by additional of palm frond without adversely affected the cattle production. The aim of this research was to determine body weight gain and to conduct the economic analysis of Bali cattle which was fed palm frond during dry season. The design of the experiment was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and three replications in each treatment. The total of 12 Bali cattle on the age of 1,5-2 year old and the average body weight 170kg were used in this study. The treatments were R0 (grass + concentrate), R1 (grass + 3kg palm frond + concentrate), R2 (grass + 4 kg palm frond + concentrate) and R3 (grass + 5 palm frond + concentrate). Grass was given ad-libitum, while concentrate was given 1,5kg/day consisting of 40% rice brand, 14% corn, 30% palm oil meal, 7% soybean meal, 5% fish meal, 3% mineral dan 1% salt. The parameters observed were average daily gain (ADG), return over cost ratio (R/C) and net income value. The results showed that the performance of Bali cattle had significantly different (P<0,05) on average daily gain compared to other Bali cattle that was not fed palm frond. Bali cattle by R2 had average daily gain of 0.54 kg/day higher than others by R0, which had average daily gain of 0.42 kg/day. The economic analysis showed that Bali cattle by R2 had R/C of 1.39 and net income value of 3.6 times higher than those by R0 which had R/C of 1.11. Thus, it can be concluded that palm frond for Bali cattle feed could substitute grass up to 30 percent, increase farmer income and also solve the problems to find grass during dry season. Key words: Bali cattle, dry season, palm oil frond, growth, economic analysis  Masalah pakan sapi di musim kemarau yang sulit diperoleh diharapkan dapat diatasi dengan pemberian pelepah sawit tanpa menyebabkan dampak buruk terhadap produktivitas ternak. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pertambahan bobot badan dan analisa ekonomi sapi Bali yang diberi pakan pelepah sawit pada musim kemarau. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Sebanyak 12 ekor sapi Bali jantan umur 1,5-2 tahun dengan bobot badan rata-rata 170 kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sapi tersebut dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dan diberikan perlakuan pakan R0 (rumput+konsentrat), R1 (rumput+3kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat), R2 (rumput+4kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat) dan R3 (rumput+5kg pelepah sawit+konsentrat). Rumput diberikan secara ad-libitum, sedangkan konsentrat sebanyak 1,5kg/hari yang merupakan campuran dari 40% dedak halus, 14% jagung halus, 30% bungkil sawit, 7% bungkil kedelai, 5% tepung ikan, 3% ultra mineral dan 1% garam. Parameter yang diukur meliputi pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH), return over cost ratio (R/C) dan nilai keuntungan bersih (NKB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian pakan pelepah sawit memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan sapi Bali. Pemberian pakan pelepah sawit R2 pada sapi Bali menghasilkan PBBH 0,54 kg/hari lebih tinggi dibanding sapi Bali yang diberikan pakan R0 tanpa pelepah sawit dengan PBBH 0,42 kg/hari. Analisis ekonomi sapi Bali yang diberi pakan pelepah sawit R2 memperlihatkan nilai R/C 1,39 dan nilai keuntungan bersih 3,6 kali lebih tinggi dibandingkan pakan tanpa pelepah sawit R0 dengan nilai R/C 1,11. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa pemberian pelepah sawit terhadap sapi Bali mampu menggantikan rumput hingga 30% kebutuhan konsumsi bahan kering dan bisa mengatasi masalah kesulitan memperoleh rumput di musim kemarau. Kata kunci: Sapi Bali, musim kemarau, pelepah sawit, berat badan, analisis ekonomi
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PERSEPSI BEBERAPA ETNIS PETANI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK INOVASI PENGELOLAAN TANAMAN TERPADU PADI SAWAH DI LAMPUNG , Slameto; Haryadi, F. Trisakti; , Subejo
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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The Influence of Farmer Ethnic on Perception for Rice Integrated Crops Management in Lampung. Improving production of rice in Lampung was done by implementation of innovation of integrated crop management (ICM). The deployment acceleration by farmers field school (FFS) approach is implemented. The rate of adoption still tends slow. It was suspected because of the perception characteristic of innovations and factors that influence are different among ethnic farmers. The research was conducted to analyze the difference of the perception nature of innovation, and to know the factor that influence the perception nature for ICM innovation by farmers from Lampung ethnic, Java ethnic, and Bali ethnic. The research methods with survey on FFS-ICM of paddies participant was used. The sample total ware 286 farmers. The research was carried out on Juni-September 2013. The locations were in Lampung Tengah, Lampung Selatan and Lampung Barat regency, as representative of Bali ethnic, Java ethnic and Lampung ethnic, respectively. The data analysis was done with the difference variance and model linear regression. The result, indicate that the perception for innovation ICM of learning FFS between Lampung-Java-Bali ethnic were obvious different. Perception for innovation characteristic of Bali ethnic farmer was the highest, and Lampung ethnic farmer was the lowest. The perception for innovation characteristic ICM of paddies significantly influenced by attitudes towards change, the level of courage to risk, the model competence, the state model, the role of farmer groups, ethnic dummi. consideration of the factors influence, it is necessary to empower the role of farmer groups, and optimize the role model of farmers, and public figur to accelerate the deployment and adoption of ICM innovation. Keywords: perception, innovation characteristic, Lampung-Jawa-Bali ethnicProgram peningkatan produksi Padi di Lampung dilakukan dengan implementasi inovasi pengelolaan tanaman terpadu (PTT) padi sawah. Percepatan pemasyarakatannya dengan sekolah lapang (SL). Namun adopsinya masih cenderung berjalan lambat. Hal itu diduga karena adanya perbedaan persepsi atas karakteristik  inovasi dan faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi terhadap karakteristik inovasi PTT. Penelitian ini bertujuan: menganalisis perbedaan persepsi petani atas karakteristik inovasi PTT padi sawah antara etnis Lampung, etnis Jawa dan etnis Bali; dan menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi petani atas karakteristik inovasi PTT padi sawah. Metode penelitian adalah survey pada petani peserta SL-PTT padi sawah sebanyak 286 petani. Lokasi penelitian di Kabupaten Lampung Barat mewakili petani etnis Lampung, Lampung Selatan mewakili petani etnis Jawa, dan Lampung Tengah mewakili petani etnis Bali. Analisis data berupa analisis perbedaan varians dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi atas karakteristik inovasi oleh petani etnis Lampung, Jawa, Bali berbeda nyata. Petani etnis Bali mempunyai persepsi inovasi paling tinggi sedangkan petani etnis Lampung paling rendah. Persepsi atas karakteristik inovasi keseluruhan etnis petani dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh sikap terhadap perubahan, keberanian untuk berisiko, kompetensi model, status model, dan peran kelompok tani. Untuk mempercepat adopsi bagi petani etnis Lampung perlu pembelajaran inovasi PTT padi sawah yang mudah dipahami sesuai karakteristiknya, melalui pemberdayaan peran kelompok, peran tokoh yang ditiru, dan meningkatkan intensitas penyuluhan. Kata kunci: persepsi, sifat inovasi, etnis Lampung-Jawa-Bali 
PENGARUH SISTEM TANAM DAN PEMANGKASAN TANAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL JAGUNG DAN KEDELAI Arifin, Z.; , Suwono; Arsyad, Darman M
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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The Influence of Cropping Systems and Plant Trimming on Growth and Yield of Maize and Soybean. This study aimed to determine the effect of monoculture and intercropping systems and plant trimming on growth and yield of maize and soybean as well as farm income. The experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland at Mojosari Experimental Farm, Mojokerto Regency, East Java during the late dry season in 2012. Randomized block design with nine treatments of planting systems and three replications was used in this experiment. The planting system tested were: (1) Monoculture of soybean with planting space of 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, without trim, (3) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, and trimming the leaves and stems above the cob, (4) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (5) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (6) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (7) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (8) Intercropping of soybean-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (9) intercropping of soybeans-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob). The results showed that the intercropping system affected the growth and yield of soybean and maize compared to monoculture system. The intercropping system increased the plant height, but reduced the number of pod, seed, node, branch and seed yield of soybean compared the monoculture. Plant height, cob length, cob diameter, 100 seed weight, and yield of maize in intercropping decreased compared to those of monoculture system. Based on land equivalent ratio, total yield and net income, the intercropping soybean-maize with plating space of 150 cm x 20 cm with trimming the leaves and stems above the cob would be suggested and prospective to be developed in the farmer’s fields. Key words: Soybean, maize, intercroppingPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem tanam monokultur dan tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dan pemangkasan tanaman jagung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman serta pendapatan usahatani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah tadah hujan, KP. Mojosari, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada MK I 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan sembilan perlakuan. Perlakuannya adalah sistem tanam, yaitu: (1) monokultur kedelai dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) monokultur jagung dengan jarak tanam 75 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas, (3) monokultur jagung dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (4) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (5) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (6) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (7) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (8) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (9) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tumpangsari kedelai-jagung menyebabkan tanaman kedelai bertambah tinggi, tetapi terjadi penurunan dalam jumlah polong, jumlah biji, jumlah buku, jumlah cabang, dan hasil biji. Sistem tumpangsari juga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tinggi tanaman jagung, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji. Berdasarkan nilai LER (Land Equivalent Ratio), total hasil setara kedelai, dan pendapatan (keuntungan) usahatani, maka sistem tanam tumpangsari kedelai-jagung pada jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm dengan pemangkasan daun bawah dan batang di atas tongkol pada umur 80 hari prospektif untuk dikembangkan di lahan petani.   Kata kunci: Kedelai, jagung, tumpangsari
PEMANFAATAN TANDAN KOSONG SAWIT UNTUK PUPUK ORGANIK PADA INTERCROPPING KELAPA SAWIT DAN JAGUNG Hatta, Muhammad; , Jafri; Permana, Dadan
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Utilization of Oil Palm Empty Fruits Bunches for Organic Fertilizer on Intercropping of Oil Palm and Maize. Processing of crude palm oil resulted a waste of empty fruit bunches that have not been optimally utilized by most of oil palm factories in West Kalimantan. Its waste was processed to be compost using bio activator, which made the process faster. This compost consists of high macronutrients (N, P, K, Mg, Ca), thus could be used for organic fertilizer. This organic fertilizer was utilized to optimize the land of oil palm plantation with intercropping pattern of immature oil palm and maize. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of application of compost from oil palm empty fruit bunches towards growth of oil palm and yield of maize on intercropping pattern. The research was conducted by composting of oil palm empty fruit bunches with the commercial bio activator then implemented them to the intercropping pattern of immature oil palm plantation and maize. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with four fertilizer treatment and was repeated five times. Results of the study showed that the use of oil palm empty fruit bunches with a dose of 150 kg per plant for palm and 6 t/ha for maize with intercropping patterns to increase of 20 cm height plant for palm during 10 month and provide maize yields of 6.8 t/ha. Results of the financial analysis of maize crop showed profit of IDR 14.278.000/ha/season. Key words: Waste, oil palm empty fruit bunches, composting, intercropping, maize, added valuePengolahan Crude Palm Oil selalu menghasilkan limbah tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal oleh sebagian besar Pabrik Kelapa Sawit di Kalimantan Barat. Limbah tersebut dapat diproses menjadi kompos dengan menggunakan bioaktivator dalam waktu yang lebih cepat. Kandungan unsur hara makro (N, P, K, Mg, Ca) pada limbah tandan kosong sawit cukup tinggi dan dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik. Pupuk organik ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk optimalisasi lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit dengan pola intercropping antara tanaman kelapa sawit yang masih muda dengan tanaman jagung. Tujuan pengkajian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon aplikasi kompos tandan kosong sawit hasil dekomposisi bioaktivator  komersial terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kelapa sawit dan hasil jagung dengan pola tanam intercropping. Pengkajian dilakukan dengan pembuatan kompos tandan kosong sawit menggunakan bioaktivator komersial yang diaplikasikan terhadap pola tanam intercropping tanaman kelapa sawit belum menghasilkan dengan tanaman jagung. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan pemupukan kompos tandan kosong sawit diulang 5 kali. Hasil kajian menunjukkan pemberian kompos tandan kosong sawit  dengan dosis 150 kg/tanaman untuk kelapa sawit dan 6 t/ha untuk tanaman jagung dengan pola intercropping dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman kelapa sawit 20 cm selama 10 bulan dan memberikan hasil jagung sebanyak 6,8 t/ ha, menghasilkan keuntungan sebesar Rp14.278.000,-/ha/musim. Kata kunci : Limbah, tandan kosong sawit, kompos, intercropping, jagung, nilai tambah
PERSPEKTIF PENGEMBANGAN KOMPOS BIOAKTIVATOR UNTUK PENGENDALIAN Phytophthora capsici PADA TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum) Hendra, Jekvy; , Widodo; P.W.S., Bonny; H.M., Bintoro; D., Manohara
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Perspective on the Development of Bio-Activator Compost to Control the Attacks of Phytophthora capsici on Pepper (Piper nigrum). Bio-activator microbes can be found enormously in the compost, for instance bacteria (Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp), actinomycetes (Streptomyces spp.) and fungi (Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp). This research aimed to assess the development of bio-activator in controlling P. capsici and increasing production and quality of the pepper. Activity was done in the field trials in the upland and lowland as the center of pepper plants in Lampung using a factorial randomized design group with five replications. The first factor was microbial bio-activator formula and the second factor was three doses of compost namely 1, 2 and 3 kg/pepper plants. Each plant was given zeolite, which was 0.5 kg/tt and fulfat acid 1% as amount of 200 cc/tt. The study showed that microbial activators significantly suppressed P. capsici attacks and increased the production of pepper. In the uplands, the intensity of P. capsici decreased to 83.31%, while in the lowlands, the disease intensity that was caused by P. capsici decreased by 99-100%. The results of chemical and biological analysis of soil showed that the application of bio-activator compost increased the diversity of the types and the amounts of microbes in the rhizosphere as well as increased the nutrient availability. Combination treatment of bio-activator compost from coffee leather of 3 kg/tt were able to suppress the intensity of the disease BPB to more than 50% and increase the production of more than 30 %. Key words: piper nigrum, bioactivator, coffee skin, Phytophthora capsicii. Di dalam kompos banyak ditemukan mikroba bioaktifator, yaitu bakteri (Bacillus spp., Pseudomonas spp), aktinomiset (Streptomyces spp.) dan cendawan (Trichoderma spp, Aspergillus spp, Penicillium spp.). Bioaktivator dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan serangan P.capsicii dan meningkatkan produksi serta mutu hasil lada. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengkaji pengembangan bioaktivator untuk pengendalian Phytopthora capsici dan peningkatan produksi serta  mutu hasil lada. Pengkajian dilakukan dalam format uji lapangan didataran tinggi dan rendah sentra lokasi tanaman lada di Lampung. Pengkajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial dengan lima ulangan. Faktor pertama ialah  bentuk formula  mikroba bioaktivator dan faktor kedua ialah tiga dosis kompos yaitu 1,2 dan 3 kg/tanaman lada. Setiap tanaman juga diberikan  zeolit 0.5 kg/tt dan asam fulfat 1% 200 cc/tt. Hasil pengkajian menunjukkan bahwa mikroba aktivator nyata menekan serangan P.capsicidan meningkatkan produksi lada. Di dataran tinggi intensitas serangan P. capsicimenurun hingga 83.31%, sedang  di dataran rendah intensitas serangan P capsicimenurun hingga 99-100%. Hasil analisis kimia tanah dan mikroba tanah menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi kompos bioaktivator meningkatkan keragaman jenis dan jumlah mikroba di dalam rhizosfer serta meningkatkan ketersediaan hara. Kombinasi perlakuan bioaktivator dan kompos kulit kopi 3 kg/tt mampu menekan intensitas penyakit BPB hingga > 50% dan meningkatkan produksi > 30%.   Kata kunci: Piper nigrum,  bioaktivator, kulit kopi, Phytopthora capsicii.
KAJIAN PEMANFAATAN PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL SAYURAN KENTANG Thamrin, Muh.; Nurhayu, A.; , Ruchjaniningsih; Nappu, M. B.
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Assessment on Utilization of Organic and An-organic Fertilizer to Support Growth and Yield of Potatoes. In addition to reduce the dependence on anorganic fertilizers, utilization of organic fertilizers effectively will also contribute to improve the balance of ecosystems and support environmental-friendly farming system. This assessment aimed to find out effects of utilizing cacao skin waste, rice straw, and organic household garbage as organic fertilizer and to determine the effective application on growth and yield of potato. The study was conducted from May to December 2009 (dry season) in the central of potato development area in uplands in Malino, Bulu Ballea, Pattapang Village, Tinggimoncong District, Gowa Region, South Sulawesi. The experiment was arranged by a Randomized Completed Block Design (RCBD) consisted of five treatment combinations between organic and anorganic fertilizers using participatory three farmers as replications. The treatments were as follows: (A) 6 t/ha cacao skin waste + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (B) 6 t/ha rice straw waste + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (C) 6 t/ha household garbage waste + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (D) 6 t/ha organic mixed + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (E) Anorganic fertilizer dosage 1.000 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15).  The results showed that application of organic fertilizers from cacao waste caused different responses to plant height growth. While the organic fertilizer from rice straw waste had the highest production component of wight tuber per plant, number of tuber per plant and yield. The net income and cost obtained by advantage measurement was between Rp17.844.567 to Rp32.774.883 per hectare. There was none treatment combination of organic fertilizer that could be developed because the ratio of increasing net income and cost or Value Cost Ratio (VCR) < 1. However, seen from social aspects point of view, it might reduce the impact of environmental pollution as well as support sustainable agriculture. Key words: potato, organic waste, organic fertilizer, growth Pemanfaatan pupuk organik yang efektif selain dapat menghemat penggunaan pupuk anorganik juga berdampak positif terhadap perbaikan keseimbangan ekosistem dan mendukung pertanian ramah lingkungan. Percobaan ini bertujuan mengkaji pemanfaatan limbah kulit kakao, sampah rumah tangga dan jerami padi dan pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kentang. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di daerah sentra pengembangan kentang di dataran tinggi Malino, Dusun Bulu Ballea, Kelurahan Pattapang, Kecamatan Tinggimoncong, Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan. Kajian berlangsung dari bulan Mei sampai Desember 2009 (musim kemarau). Kajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas 5 kombinasi perlakuan antara pupuk organik dan pupuk NPK yang melibatkan 3 orang petani sebagai ulangan.  Perlakuan yang dikaji ialah sebagai berikut: (A)  6 t/ha limbah kulit kakao + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (B) 6 t/ha limbah jerami padi + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (C) 6 t/ha limbah organik sampah rumah tangga + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15),  (D) 6 t/ha Campuran + 500 kg/ha NPK (15:15:15), (E) pupuk anorganik dosis 1.000 kg/ha) NPK (15:15:15). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik dari limbah kulit kakao memberikan pengaruh terhadap komponen pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman yang berbeda nyata. Sedangkan  perlakuan pupuk organik dari limbah jerami menghasilkan bobot umbi/tanaman yang tertinggi, jumlah umbi/tanaman dan hasil. Penggunaan pupuk organik dan anorganik tersebut menghasilkan keuntungan antara Rp17.844.567- Rp32.774.883/ha. Meskipun tidak satupun kombinasi perlakuan pupuk organik layak untuk dikembangkan karena rasio kenaikan penerimaan dan biaya (Value Cost Ratio=VCR) < 1, tetapi dari aspek sosial aplikasi pupuk organik dapat mengurangi dampak pencemaran lingkungan akibat penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang berlebihan. Kata kunci :  kentang, limbah organik, pupuk organik, pertumbuhan
ANALISIS PENGELOLAAN AIR DALAM USAHATANI PADI PADA LAHAN SAWAH IRIGASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN Taufik, Muh.; , Arafah; Nappu, Basir; Djufry, Fadjry
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
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Abstract

The Water Management Analysis of Rice Farming on Irrigated Land in South Sulawesi. Efficient use of water is an important aspect to increase production and economic value of rice farming in integrated land. A study was conducted at irrigated land in the Mario village, Tanasitolo District of Wajo Regency from March to December 2012. The study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) involving three farmer cooperators as replications. Every farmers applied water management treatments that were: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) wet or dry irrigation, (2) intermittent irrigation, and (3) continues irrigation (flooded). Seedlings were planted on 17 days using 2 : 1 of “legowo” cropping systems. Fertilizer application was based on soil analysis using PUTS (Phonska 200 kg + 130 kg Urea/ha). Pest and disease controlling with IPM method was also applied in this study. The results showed that the water management methods AWD produced higher growth, yield and profits than other methods. The rice productivity level was achieved by the method of AWD that was 8.3 t/ha, while intermittent and continuous irrigation methods reached only 7.8 t/ha and 7.6 t/ha, respectively. Profits earned in rice farming with AWD method was Rp16.1 million that was higher than others, which was Rp14.1 million and Rp13.4 million, respectively. The R/C of three methods of water management was more than two, meaning that all water management methods applied was feasible to be applied.Key words : Water management, rice farming,  irrigated field  Efisiensi penggunaan air merupakan aspek penting terkait dengan peningkatan produksi dan nilai ekonomi  usahatani padi di lahan sawah irigasi. Pengkajian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah irigasi Desa Mario, Kec. Tanasitolo, Kab. Wajo Sulawesi Selatan  pada bulan Maret- Desember 2012. Kajian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK)  dengan melibatkan 3 orang petani  kooperator  sebagai ulangan. Setiap petani menerapkan perlakuan pengelolaan air: (1) AWD (Alternate Wetting and Drying) atau pengairan basah kering, (2) intermitten atau pengairan berselang, dan (3) pengairan terus menerus (tergenang). Bibit ditanam umur 17 hari dengan sistem tanam legowo 2:1, pemupukan didasarkan pada analisis tanah dengan Perangkat Uji Tanah Sawah (PUTS) 200 kg phonska + 130 kg Urea/ha. Pengendalian hama/penyakit dilakukan dengan metode Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan air dengan metode AWD menghasilkan pertumbuhan, produksi dan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pemberian air secara intermitten dan terus menerus (tergenang). Tingkat produktivitas padi yang dicapai dengan  metode AWD adalah  8,3 t/ha, sedangkan pengairan intermitten dan terus menerus  menghasilkan masing-masing 7,8 t/ha dan 7,6 t/ha. Keuntungan yang diperoleh dalam usahatani padi  dengan metode AWD mencapai Rp16,1 juta/ha, sedang pengelolaan air dengan metode intermitten dan pengairan tergenang masing-masing menghasilkan Rp14,1/ha juta dan Rp13,4 juta/ha. R/C  ketiga metode pengelolaan air masing-masing > 2,0 yang  berarti metode tersebut layak diterapkan.   Kata kunci : Pengelolaan air, usahatani padi, sawah irigasi      
LAJU KONVERSI LAHAN SAWAH MENJADI PERKEBUNAN SAWIT DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR, RIAU Fahri, Anis; M. Kolopaking, Lala; Budiman.Hakim, Dedi
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Conversion Rate of Rice Field to Palm Oil Plantation, the Affected Factors and Its Impact to Rice Production in Kampar District, Riau. Kampar district is a center of rice production area in Riau Province and since ten years ago had been being conversed to palm oil plantation. This study aimed: (1) to identify the rate of land conversion, (2) to analyze factors that influence the conversion of paddy fields at the farm level, (3) to identify impact of paddy field conversion on rice production. The study was conducted in Kampar district from April to December 2013 using survey design and involving 60 farmers as respondent that consisted of 30 paddy farmers in Kampar Sub District and 30 farmers in Tambang Sub District who undertook paddy field conversion to palm oil plantations. Analyzing the data used multiple linear regressions. The results of landsat analysis from 2002 to 2010 showed a decreased occurred paddy field area by 1955.79 ha (21.77%) (from 8,984 ha to 7028.21 acres). The factors which significantly influenced paddy field conversion were: (1) reduction in paddy farming income, (2) an increase in palm oil farming income, (3) irrigation constraints, and (4) the lack of knowledge regarding the regulation of paddy field. Paddy field conversion during the period of 2002-2010 was estimated on causing the loss of 9,192 t of grain, which was, equivalent to 5,767 t of rice per years.   Key words: Land conversion, palm oil, paddy field, Kampar District Kabupaten Kampar merupakan sentra produksi beras di Provinsi Riau yang dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir terjadi konversi lahan sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi laju konversi lahan sawah, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di tingkat petani, (3) mengidentifikasi dampak konversi lahan sawah terhadap ketahanan pangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau dari bulan April hingga Desember 2013 menggunakan rancangan survey yang melibatkan 60 petani responden, terdiri dari 30 petani padi di Kecamatan Kampar dan 30 petani yang melakukan konversi lahan sawah ke perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Tambang. Analisis data mengggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil interpretasi data citra landsat 2002-2010 menunjukkan terjadi penyusutan lahan sawah seluas 1.955,79 ha (21,77%) dari 8.984 ha menjadi 7.028,21 ha. Faktor-faktor yang diduga secara signifikan mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di tingkat petani adalah: (1) penurunan pendapatan usahatani padi, (2) peningkatan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit, (3) kendala irigasi dan (4) kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kebijakan larangan konversi lahan sawah. Konversi lahan sawah selama periode 2002 - 2010 diperkirakan telah menyebabkan hilangnya 9.192 t gabah kering giling atau setara dengan 5.767 t beras/tahun.   Kata kunci: Konversi lahan, kelapa sawit, padi sawah, Kabupaten Kampar
PENGARUH SISTEM TANAM DAN PEMANGKASAN TANAMAN TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SERTA HASIL JAGUNG DAN KEDELAI Z. Arifin; Suwono ;; Darman M Arsyad
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v17n1.2014.p%p

Abstract

The Influence of Cropping Systems and Plant Trimming on Growth and Yield of Maize and Soybean. This study aimed to determine the effect of monoculture and intercropping systems and plant trimming on growth and yield of maize and soybean as well as farm income. The experiment was conducted in rainfed lowland at Mojosari Experimental Farm, Mojokerto Regency, East Java during the late dry season in 2012. Randomized block design with nine treatments of planting systems and three replications was used in this experiment. The planting system tested were: (1) Monoculture of soybean with planting space of 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, without trim, (3) Monoculture of maize with planting space of 75 cm x 20 cm, and trimming the leaves and stems above the cob, (4) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (5) Intercropping of soybean-maize (90/60 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (6) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (7) Intercropping of soybean-maize (150 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob), (8) Intercropping of soybean-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, without trimming), (9) intercropping of soybeans-maize (180/120 cm x 20 cm, trimming the leaves and stems above the cob). The results showed that the intercropping system affected the growth and yield of soybean and maize compared to monoculture system. The intercropping system increased the plant height, but reduced the number of pod, seed, node, branch and seed yield of soybean compared the monoculture. Plant height, cob length, cob diameter, 100 seed weight, and yield of maize in intercropping decreased compared to those of monoculture system. Based on land equivalent ratio, total yield and net income, the intercropping soybean-maize with plating space of 150 cm x 20 cm with trimming the leaves and stems above the cob would be suggested and prospective to be developed in the farmer’s fields. Key words: Soybean, maize, intercroppingPenelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh sistem tanam monokultur dan tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dan pemangkasan tanaman jagung terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman serta pendapatan usahatani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan sawah tadah hujan, KP. Mojosari, Kabupaten Mojokerto, Jawa Timur pada MK I 2012. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan dan sembilan perlakuan. Perlakuannya adalah sistem tanam, yaitu: (1) monokultur kedelai dengan jarak tanam 40 cm x 15 cm, (2) monokultur jagung dengan jarak tanam 75 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas, (3) monokultur jagung dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (4) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (5) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 90/60 cm x 20 cm dengan pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (6) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (7) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol, (8) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, tanpa pangkas daun, (9) tumpangsari kedelai-jagung dengan jarak tanam 180/120 cm x 20 cm, pangkas daun bawah dan batang diatas tongkol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tumpangsari kedelai-jagung menyebabkan tanaman kedelai bertambah tinggi, tetapi terjadi penurunan dalam jumlah polong, jumlah biji, jumlah buku, jumlah cabang, dan hasil biji. Sistem tumpangsari juga menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan tinggi tanaman jagung, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, bobot 100 biji, dan hasil biji. Berdasarkan nilai LER (Land Equivalent Ratio), total hasil setara kedelai, dan pendapatan (keuntungan) usahatani, maka sistem tanam tumpangsari kedelai-jagung pada jarak tanam 150 cm x 20 cm dengan pemangkasan daun bawah dan batang di atas tongkol pada umur 80 hari prospektif untuk dikembangkan di lahan petani.   Kata kunci: Kedelai, jagung, tumpangsari
LAJU KONVERSI LAHAN SAWAH MENJADI PERKEBUNAN SAWIT DAN FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHINYA SERTA DAMPAKNYA TERHADAP PRODUKSI PADI DI KABUPATEN KAMPAR, RIAU Anis Fahri; Lala M. Kolopaking; Dedi Budiman.Hakim
Jurnal Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian Vol 17, No 1 (2014): Maret 2014
Publisher : Balai Besar Pengkajian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jpptp.v17n1.2014.p%p

Abstract

Conversion Rate of Rice Field to Palm Oil Plantation, the Affected Factors and Its Impact to Rice Production in Kampar District, Riau. Kampar district is a center of rice production area in Riau Province and since ten years ago had been being conversed to palm oil plantation. This study aimed: (1) to identify the rate of land conversion, (2) to analyze factors that influence the conversion of paddy fields at the farm level, (3) to identify impact of paddy field conversion on rice production. The study was conducted in Kampar district from April to December 2013 using survey design and involving 60 farmers as respondent that consisted of 30 paddy farmers in Kampar Sub District and 30 farmers in Tambang Sub District who undertook paddy field conversion to palm oil plantations. Analyzing the data used multiple linear regressions. The results of landsat analysis from 2002 to 2010 showed a decreased occurred paddy field area by 1955.79 ha (21.77%) (from 8,984 ha to 7028.21 acres). The factors which significantly influenced paddy field conversion were: (1) reduction in paddy farming income, (2) an increase in palm oil farming income, (3) irrigation constraints, and (4) the lack of knowledge regarding the regulation of paddy field. Paddy field conversion during the period of 2002-2010 was estimated on causing the loss of 9,192 t of grain, which was, equivalent to 5,767 t of rice per years.   Key words: Land conversion, palm oil, paddy field, Kampar District Kabupaten Kampar merupakan sentra produksi beras di Provinsi Riau yang dalam kurun waktu sepuluh tahun terakhir terjadi konversi lahan sawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengidentifikasi laju konversi lahan sawah, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di tingkat petani, (3) mengidentifikasi dampak konversi lahan sawah terhadap ketahanan pangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kabupaten Kampar Provinsi Riau dari bulan April hingga Desember 2013 menggunakan rancangan survey yang melibatkan 60 petani responden, terdiri dari 30 petani padi di Kecamatan Kampar dan 30 petani yang melakukan konversi lahan sawah ke perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kecamatan Tambang. Analisis data mengggunakan regresi linear berganda. Hasil interpretasi data citra landsat 2002-2010 menunjukkan terjadi penyusutan lahan sawah seluas 1.955,79 ha (21,77%) dari 8.984 ha menjadi 7.028,21 ha. Faktor-faktor yang diduga secara signifikan mempengaruhi konversi lahan sawah di tingkat petani adalah: (1) penurunan pendapatan usahatani padi, (2) peningkatan pendapatan usahatani kelapa sawit, (3) kendala irigasi dan (4) kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kebijakan larangan konversi lahan sawah. Konversi lahan sawah selama periode 2002 - 2010 diperkirakan telah menyebabkan hilangnya 9.192 t gabah kering giling atau setara dengan 5.767 t beras/tahun.   Kata kunci: Konversi lahan, kelapa sawit, padi sawah, Kabupaten Kampar

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