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INDONESIA
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 19070799     EISSN : 27227731     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Earth & Planetary Sciences
diterbitkan oleh Balai Besar Litbang Sumberdaya Lahan Pertanian, Jurnal Sumberdaya lahan terbit 2 kali setahun memuat suatu tinjauan terhadap hasil-hasil penelitian atau terhadap suatu topik yang berkaitan dengan aspek tanah, air, iklim, dan lingkungan pertanian
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 212 Documents
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The Role of Organic Matter in Improving Soil Physical Quality and Crop Production YATNO, EDI
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 5, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

The presence of organic matter in soils is very important to maintain and improve a better soil physical quality so that the soils are able to support plant growth and yields. Organic matter plays an important role in the process of aggregate formation from primary soil particles. This paper aims to review the role of organic matter in improving soil physical quality and crop yields. The results of some studies indicate that addition of organic matter such as farmyard manure, composted sugarcane bagasse residue, and mulch from crop residues in different types of soils may decrease soil bulk density, increase aggregate stability, total porosity, soil water content, and crop yields. Farmyard manure and composted sugarcane bagasse residue have a greater effect on improvement of soil physical quality and crops production compared to mulch from crop residues. The decrease in soil organic matter contents may cause the decrease in soil physical quality so that the soil capability to support plant growth and yield is also decreasing.
Utilizing National Cropping Calendar Atlas in Copping with Variability and Climate Change RUNTUNUWU, ELEONORA; SYAHBUDDIN, H.
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 5, No 01 (2011): Juli 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Inappropriate cropping season and pattern resulted in the low production of seasonal food crops and the major cause of crop failure. A local wisdom called “Pranatamangsa” previously used to determine cropping time, now often miss due to climate anomaly. Crop growth is much affected by rainfall, solar radiation, and air temperature. The rainfall determines water availability and is essential requirement for crop growth. Planting time and cropping pattern until recently are adjusted to the climate variability and water availability to the crops. Therefore, the cropping calendar contained in this atlas is based on climate variability such as wet (El-Nino), normal, and dry (La-Nina) years. The atlas provides detailed description of planting time and crop rotation in each sub-district for each season in one year based on climate condition. The preparation of cropping calendar, both spatially and tabularly, provides information on cropping alternative for wet, normal or dry years. These alternatives were developed at 1:250 000 scale to be applied as reference in determining planting time and cropping pattern for each region and sub district. Hence, the risks of yield lost or crop failure can be avoided or minimized. Further, the policy and strategy of procurement and distribution of farm inputs particularly fertilizer and seed can be properly formulated. This cropping calendar was arranged through several steps: (1) climate data collection and farmer’s interview, (2) analysis of planting time and mapping, (3) field verification, and (4) refining the delineation of cropping pattern based on the sensitivity level. For a better planning of cropping time and pattern, this cropping calendar was arranged at the scale of 1:250.000 and attached with an information of cropping time and pattern at the sub-district level.
The Role of Land Conservation in Plantation Management IDJUDIN, A ABAS
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 5, No 02 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

The main problem of agricultural activities in the steep slope upland area if without adequate soil conservation practices is that it will results in soil erosion. Soil erosion causes agricultural land degradation which reduces the physical, chemical, and biological soil roperties and decreases land productivities. Soil erosion is very harmful to agricultural land productivities, because loss of the fertile topsoil in a relatively short time causes decrease of fertility and productivity of the soils. The role of conservation techniques are the way of soil conservation, which have three principles of definitions, i.e. a) to protect the soil against soil degradation, b) to improve the degraded soil, and c) to make the soil more fertile. Soil conservation practice in the field have used two methods i.e. mechanical conservation methods and vegetative conservation methods. Mechanical conservation method is the earth embankments constructed across the slope to intercept surface run off and to protect soil erosion (soil cultivation along the contour, terraces constructed, contour bank, waterways ditch, drop structure, silt pit, checkdam, gully plug, etc). While the vegetative methode are reducing the kinetic energy of the raindrops on the soil surface, reducing the run off velocity, increasing infiltration rate and reducing soil water contents. The effectiveness of soil conservation techniques in uplands area on the the soil erosion and the land productivity is different in each location. This is because of the difference of the land capability (site specific, soil behavior and properties, and the climate). Farmers’ motivation as the user of the soil conservation technologies is included as one on the determinant factors of the successfulness in improving degraded upland and in increasing land productivity.
Retention P by Iron Oxide in Acid Sulphate Soil after Land Reclamation ANNISA, WAHIDA; PURWANTO, B.H
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 01 (2010): Juli 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Acid Sulphate Soil is a kind of soil with high pyrite (FeS2) content. Miss management in land reclamation of acid sulphate soil will cause pyrite oxidation that made the soil becomes very acid. Pyrite oxidation on acid sulphate soil will produce iron oxides such as goethite (α-FeOOH) and hematite (α-Fe2O3). Goethite and hematite have ability to bind the anions and cations in the soilsuch as phosphate which produces a complex surface binuclear with model of Fe-OP(O2)-O-Fe. On acid sulphate land because of its association with soil Fe and its solubility alteration during reduction and oxidation processes of land, P is a limiting factor. More iron oxide in the soil, more P is retentioned. Each m.mol Fe in soil will bind P as much as 0,17 m.mol P.
Farm Scale Nitrogen Balances For Terraced Paddy Field Systems SUKRISTIYONUBOWO, .; LIANG, GIJS DU
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Nitrogen balance at farm scale is not only important to refine the site specific nitrogen fertiliser application rate, but also to estimate how much nitrogen fertiliser should be provided every planting season at district level. The nitrogen fertiliser stock for the district can be calculated by multiplying the total planting areas with nitrogen fertiliser rate per hectare. The aims were to evaluate the nitrogen balance of terraced paddy field systems under conventional farmer practices and improved technologies during the wet season 2003-04 and dry season 2004 and to predict how much nitrogen fertiliser should be provided in every planting season for wetland cultivation in the Semarang district. The nitrogen input-output assessments were carried out in terraced paddy fields for the conventional farmer practices (CFP), conventional farmer practices + rice straw (CFP+RS), improved technology (IT), and improved technology + rice straw (IT+RS) treatments. Balances were computed based on the differences between input and output. Nitrogen originating from fertiliser (IN-1), recycled rice straw (IN-2), irrigation (IN-3), and precipitation (IN-4) were grouped as input. Nitrogen removal by rice grains (OUT-1) and rice straw (OUT-2) was considered as output. The input-output analyses showed negative nitrogen balances for all the treatments, both in the wet season 2003-04 and the dry season 2004. The more nitrogen deficit was observed when the nitrogen volatilisation was considered. The nutrient inputs, particularly coming from inorganic fertilisers, were not sufficient to replace the nitrogen removed by rice grains and straw. The application of only 50 kg of urea/ha/season with and without returning rice straw was not enough to reach the optimal yield and should be left out. To balance the nitrogen deficit and to improve cultural practices in wetland rice farming especially terraced paddy field system, about 200 -250 kg urea/ha/season is recommended when the ammonia volatilisation is not considered, where as when the ammonia volatilisation is taken into account about 250-300 kg urea/ha should be added. When the rice yield of 5.73 t/ha is targeted as reached in the IT+RS treatment even higher and the planting areas in the Semarang district is about 24.833 ha for the wet season, the amount of urea should be provided will be about 4.97-6.21 million tons/season/district, meanwhile for the dry season when about 18,440 ha wetland rice is expected to be cultivated is about 4.61 to 5.53 million tons urea/season/district should be available.
Land Capability Classification For Land Evaluation : A Review SITORUS, SANTUN R.P
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 02 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Land capability classification has been used for land evaluation for various purposes in many countries in the world. Since developed by the United States Department of Agriculture as a part of the programme to control soil erosion, the land capability classification has been further developed by a number of authors in many countries to suit their requirements. Of the numerous land capability classification have been published, fourteen are selected to be reviewed. The results shows that the aims of the various land capability classification schemes are generally similar: to evolve methodology whereby land may be evaluated for a particular land use purposes. Most of the methodologies were designed mainly for evaluating the capability of land for agriculture, either in narrow (specific) or in broad terms (including forestry, pasture, etc). Three methods of evaluation of data can be identified: Firstly, descriptive methods whereby capability classes or other categories are descriptive solely in words. Secondly, rating, grading or indexing system whereby each attribute is assigned a rate, grade or index and the capability class or other category is defined in terms of the sum of the weighted scores. Thirdly, quantitative methods whereby the relationships between variables are defined in terms of an equation used to obtain a score or index which defines the capability class or other categories. The capability methods also vary both as hierarchical systems and in terms of the number of categories used. They are also vary in terms of scale, and some do not even specify the scales used. Although substantial differences are found among the methodologies in terms of their purposes and detailed procedures, these are all broadly similar in terms of the general approach and activities involved.
Agricultural Environmental Management Strategy KURNIA, UNDANG; SUTRISNO, NONO
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 2, No 01 (2008): Juli 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Developments in Indonesia has raised several positif impact for most people due to gaining the new opportunity jobs. However, these positive opportunity often raised negative impact, especially on land resources and the environment, and people surrounding. Development industries on productive agriculture land have decreased agricultural areas, pollution of soil, water bodies/rivers, and cheerfulness and health of people and other humanlife. Mine activities also caused negative impact such asdegradation of land resources and environment, and pollution due to the application of chemical matterial on sevaration of mine products. Land clearing for infrastructures construction (roads, buildings, bridges), and agricultural practices had caused land degradation and the environment, and pollution as well. The disturbance of natural resources and environmental imbalance caused the deterioration of soil productivity, and the quality of agricultural yield due to chemical contamination on soil, rivers/water bodies, and crops. These condition has to consider necessary effort on the agricultural and environmental management more precised,directed, and accurated. Therefore, identification and characterization of sources of degradation and pollution, and analyses on issues raised in the field to form strategic effort on agricultural environmental management. The deterioration of soil productivity could be managed by applying soil conservation and land rehabilitation techniques through integrated management of related governments, institutions, and farmers/people. The pollution on soil and plant need quality standard criterium for heavy metals, and the values could be determined and difined for Indonesia condition. Critical levels of heavy metals in the soil could be used as a guide for implementation of law imporcement. Industrial waste which is polluted rivers and water bodies could be easly predicted, due tospesific industry resulted chemical contents of liquid waste similar with content of raw materials. Inappropiate land management could accelerate increasing green house gases in the atmosphere, and would be caused global warming as well. Excessive carbondioxide emission could be controlled by sequistrated CO2 through revegetation and rehabilitation of degraded land. Methane (CH4) and nitrousoxide (N2O) emission from lowland rice could be controlled by reduction its planting areas and substitute by non rice commodites, appropiate and better water management, and slow release nitrogen fertilizer application.
Agrometeorological Data and Rainfall Forecasting for Crop Simulation AMIEN, LE ISTIQLAL; RUNTUNUWU, ELEONORA
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 3, No 02 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Agricultural production is one of the most weather sensitive human activities that depend on daily atmospheric conditions. This review attempts to describe the meteorological data for crop requirements, some techniques of climate prediction and its use for crop simulations. Despite the rapid progress achieved in forecasting technology lately, further works are necessary for the real application. The amount and distribution of the rainfall in the coming season is necessary for planning crop cultivation particularly when climate anomaly arises. In agriculture the efforts to bridge the gap, climate forecasting results are the main input in crop simulation, especially for water and agro-climate management and cropping calendar.
Rice Field Necessity to Sufficient Production of Food Material RITUNG, SOFYAN
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 01 (2010): Juli 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Indonesian population from year to year increasing, with growth of about 1.5%/year, thus pushing food demands continues to increase. Particularly agricultural land especially rice field, covering an area in 2005 reached 7.89 million hectares was not able to meet the food needs of Indonesia, so that needs to be supplemented by imports which in the last decade it has increased. The need for food began to increase and in the year 2020 deficit is estimated to occur if there is no additional production of 1.1 million tons of rice or equivalent to 1.8 million tons of GKG. In 2050 demand for rice will reach 48.2 million tons, an increase of 145%. Commodity corn and soybeans are expected to occured a deficit each of 2.2 million tons and 2.5 million tons in 2050. To sufficient the necessity of food until the year 2050, assuming that the conversion of rice land could be reduced to 60,000hectares/year, required the new rice fields of about 1,6-2,4 million hectares in 2020 and the cumulative area until the year 2050 is 6.0 million hectares.The potential availability of land for extensification of rice field in Indonesia is 8.28 million hectares, consists of 2.98 million hectares swamp rice field and 5.30 million hectares of non swamp rice field. The largest potential development are in Papua, Kalimantan, and Sumatra, each of 5.19 million hectares, 1.39 million hectares, and 0.96 million hectares. Rice field extensification strategies can be done through land use potential rice fields in the irrigation areas, abandoned rice field optimization in the tidal swamp and inland swamp, and extensification of rice field region scale in area large potential like Papua and Kalimantan.
Efficiency Strategy of Organic Matter Use for Soil Fertility and Productivity by Soil Biology Resources Empowerment GITOSUWONDO, SUBOWO
Jurnal Sumberdaya Lahan Vol 4, No 01 (2010): Juli 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Agriculture Land Resource Development

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Abstract

Indonesia is an archipelago in wet tropical volcanic regions have high soil biodiversity, high rate of weathering and high of soil erosion, but low on soil fertility and soil organic matter content. Improvement of soil fertility to plant directly with the provision of organic materials requires a large amount and expensive. Problems faced by low organic matter production ability, high decomposition rate, bulky and is in the archipelago, making it difficult in the procurement and conservation of organic matter in soil and expensive transportation costs. Provision of organic materials with the aim of empowering the soil biology resources to enhance soil fertility potential pursued. In addition to the dose of organic matters required is relatively lower may also prevent the emergence of soil born diseases are also increasing of soil organic matter conservation. In determining land suitability evaluation in wet tropical volcanic region should consider the role of soil organism populations to support crop production and protected soil organic matter content.

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