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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
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Articles 9 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016" : 9 Documents clear
Kriteria Seleksi Penentuan Ketahanan Kedelai terhadap Kutu Kebul Apri Sulistyo
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Whitefly (Bemisia tabaci Genn.) is a leaf-sucking insect and is a major pest on soybean. Nymphs and adults of whitefly are insect stages that cause damage directly or indirectly on the host plant. Chemical control to the pest has not produced satisfactorily results, and even has given a negative impact on the environment, damaging the efficacy of biological agents, and causing resistance to chemical compounds on whitefly. Pest control techniques based on Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is using the resistant varieties. Selection criteria for resistance to pest are needed based on the resistance mechanism and agronomic characteristic of resistant genotypes. Soybean resistant mechanism to whitefly could be through physical antixenosis, such as through the leaf trichomes and leaf thickness. Based on antixenosis mechanism, selection for resistance is done by counting the number of whitefly infestation (eggs, nymphs, pupas, adults) per leaf area. Antibiosis mechanism was selected by observing the life cycle of whitefly, including the duration of the hatching eggs into nymphs, the development of the nymph into pupa, and the adult insect emergence. Selection of resistant soybean based on tolerance mechanisms was done by observing the decrease in grain yield due to whitefly attacks. Soybean breeding to obtain varieties resistant to whiteflies in Indonesia could use the mechanism of tolerance based on leaf damage intensity, as selection criteria.
Karakter Morfofisiologi dan Agronomi Kedelai Toleran Salinitas Runik Dyah Purwaningrahayu
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Salt tolerant cultivar of soybean is considered more economical to anticipate the spread of land salinity. Increased salinity in agricultural lands occurred in several places in Indonesia, resulted from the contamination of irrigation water, excessive uses of fertilizers, sea water intrusion and drought stress. To breed the salt tolerant soybean cultivars required knowledge of specific morpho-physiological and agronomical characters which can be used as an indicator of soybean genotypes tolerance to salinity stress. Researchers classified soybeans according to their degree of tolerance to salinity stress, namely sensitive, moderate, and tolerance based on plant characters such as: emergency ability, growth and survival rate, the degree of toxicity due to salt, K+, Na+ and Cl- concentration in plant tissues, prolines accumulation, electrolyte leakage rates, water content of plant, plant biomass and seed yield or reduced seed yield. Soybean genotypes which could grow and produce seed in soil with the salinity levels of above 5 dS/m is considered as having potential for the tolerant varieties.
Strategi Pengendalian Cendawan Fusarium sp. dan Kontaminasi Mikotoksin pada Jagung Soenartiningsih Soenartiningsih; M. Aqil; N. N. Andayani
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Soil borne fungus Fusarium sp., is a major cause of disease in corn, especially during the rainy season, which causes stem rot disease, ear rot and rotten seeds. The disease symptoms include sudden wilting of leaves, drying stem turns brown in color, and if it reached the ear the seeds will decay. Several species of Fusarium fungus could attack maize, namely F. moniliforme (verticillioides), F. oxysporum, F. proliferatum, F. solani, F. equeseti, F. graminearum. Some soil borne fungal mycotoxins produced by Fusarium sp. are toxic to human and animals such as Zearalenon, Fomonisin, Trikotezen (Deoksinivalenol, Toxin T2) and Moniliformen. Strategy to suppress the infection of Fusarium causing the mycotoxin contamination in maize requires actions, beginning from planting till harvest taking into account several stages of crop management, disease management, use of resistant varieties, disease control using chemical and biological fungicide followed by properly handling the harvest and post-harvest materials and emphasizing the avoidance compound of mycotoxins in the grains.
Pemanfaatan Paitan (Tithonia diversifolia) sebagai Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Kedelai Sri Ayu Dwi Lestari
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Paitan is an annual weed which can be used as organic manure for crops. The yield of biomass is about 9-11 t/ha during the dry season and 14-18 t/ha during the rainy season. As a source of N, P, K nutrients for plants, paitan contains 3.50-4.00% N, 0.35-0.38% P, 3.50-4.10% K, 0.59% Ca, and 0.27% Mg. Biomass of paitan can be used as a green manure, mulch, or compost to improve physical and biological soil fertility. The leaves and stems used as organic manure can improve the growth and yield of soybean. Application of paitan biomass before the seed planted, however, may suppress the growth of soybean seed due to its alelopatic effect to seedling. Therefore, application of fresh paitan biomass is suggested after the seeds germinate, at 3-4 weeks after planting.
Mekanisme Respon Tanaman Padi terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan dan Varietas Toleran Sujinah Sujinah; Ali Jamil
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Drought has wide impact on agriculture such as reduced rice productivity and production, impacted on food security and economical stability in the region as well as at national level. Drought stress problem would become more frequent in relation with accelerated global climate changes. Response of rice crop to water stress begins with physiological process disturbance in the plant, such as reducing transpiration rate by means of stomata closure and reducing leaf surface area or leaf rolling. Each action may cause reducing CO2 and O2 gas exchanges to the atmosphere, and reduce solar radiation interception. Both condition may decrease photosynthetic process on the leaves. This physiological responses may affect plant morphology such as reducing canopy size due to decreasing leaf number and leaf area per hill, reducing number of total and productive tillers per hill, delaying flowering and grain maturing. Changes in this crop morphology also have impact on further crop physiological processes. Therefore, there are inter-affects between physiological processes and crop morphology. The changes of the processes and condition cause the changes of crop growth pattern, and finally decrease biomass weight, yield components and grain yield. The degree of declining depending on the drought stress level and also on the rice genotype which have different adaptability and tolerance mechanism to drought stress.
Peranan Methylobacterium spp. dalam Meningkatkan dan Mempertahankan Vigor Benih Kedelai Ratri Tri Hapsari; Selly Salma; Eni Widajati; Maryati Sari
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Soybean is considered as a functional food, due to its status as source of protein in Indonesia dietary. The soybean seeds determine the quality of soybean products through a better crop in the farm. Factor limiting the supply of soybean seeds in the tropics is the rapid deterioration of seed germination during storage, thereby reduces the availability of high quality of seed. Seed vigor is divided into two categories, namely the seed growth strength vigor and longevity seed vigor. Seed growth strength vigor indicates the growing strength in a suboptimum condition, while seed longevity vigor is the ability of seed lot to be stored in a suboptimum condition. Seed treatment uses beneficial microbes can protect plants in the nursery stage, and during the plant life cycle. Methylobacterium spp can live in a single-carbon compounds of the plant, such as metanol (CH3OH) or methylamine (CH3NH2) as a carbon source. Methylobacterium spp can produce IAA, GA3 and transzeatin. Methylobacterium spp can produce PQQ and tocopherol, one of the antioxidants that limit the nonenzimatic lipid oxidation during seed storage, germination and early seedling development. Methylobacterium spp can be used to improve the germination of soybean seed through seed inoculation, while maintaining soybean seed longevity can be obtained by coating the seed with Methylobacterium spp.
Antisipasi Ledakan Wereng Cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens) dengan Penerapan Teknik Pengendalian Hama Terpadu Biointensif Iswanto, Eko Hari; Rahmini, Rahmini; Nuryanto, Bambang; Baliadi, Yuliantoro
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Brown planthopper (BPH) threatens rice production in the northern Java area. Resistance rice to BPH is the most preferred method to control this pest. However, brown planthopper could adapt to its host and break the resistant gene, to form a new biotype. Conventional IPM is usually reactive, still depending on the use of insecticide, whereas biointensive-IPM is a proactive actions, based on an ecological understanding, including synchronize planting times, seeding and planting time are determined based on the results of pest monitoring using light trap, and management of cropping pattern. Synchronized planting and appropriate planting time reduces population of brown planthoppers effectively on the early planting stage. Insecticide application if ever needed, is the last option to be applied for controlling the pest, which has to be applied rationally as recommended. Controlling brown planthoppers also requires the active role of farmers with the government support.
Metode Penapisan Kedelai Toleran Salinitas Pratanti Haksiwi Putri
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Soil salinity is due to the dissolved salt in the soil or groundwater. Salinity can be defined as the condition of the soil with EC > 4 dS/m (equivalent to 40 mM NaCl), the osmotic pressure of 0.2 MPa, and the exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of <15. Salinity occurs on dry land dry climate and on tidal swamp land near the beach. Saline land area is increasing as a result of land degradation due to various causes. The combination of excessive fertilization, poor irrigation systems and climate change are some of the factors causing salinity. This causes salinity becomes an important issue in the development of agriculture today and in the future. Research on evaluation of soybean resistant to salinity had been done, however, there were some inconsistence results. This paper aimed to review the method of screening for salinity tolerance of soybean, to obtain an appropriate method. Screening for saline-tolerant soybean genotypes need to be done on the entire growth phases of plant, to see the consistency of genotypic resistance to salinity. Things to be considered in screening salinity tolerant in soybean including (1) controlling DHL periodically, (2) the selection of observed variables correlated directly with the saline-tolerant characters, (3) a preliminary test to determine the critical limits of salinity tolerance and (4) to perform molecular screening to reduce the amount of the genotype if the number is too many. The activities should be continued with its physiological screening, to avoid the false result due to the phenotype and genotypes-environment interaction.
Rekayasa Ekologi dalam Perspektif Pengelolaan Tanaman Padi Terpadu Baehaki S. E.; Nugraha Budi Eka Irianto; Surachmad W. Widodo
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 11, No 1 (2016): Juni 2016
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Ecological engineering is a form of ecological services for the agro-ecosystem restoration in order the whole control factors work naturally, toward to sustainable of life. Ecological engineering in integrated crop management (ICM) provides ecological services to empowering rice varieties, nutrition, irrigation, pest, and weed control. Integrated varieties management is a form of ecological services to improve the ecological stability of genotypes biodiversity through the assembly of resistant varieties that equipped with a functional character to be applied as a mosaic varieties. Integrated nutrition management is a form of ecological services to improve the performance of the phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB), potassium solubilizing bacteria (KSB), and sulfur oxidizing bacteria in an organic fertilizer as a mediator and the basic material of inorganic fertilizer as a starter. Integrated pest management is a form of ecological services through dynamics interactive between plant-pest-natural enemies based SIPALAPA, ROPALAPA, enrichment parasitoids and predators, plant traps and light traps. The use of light traps to determine the economic threshold, control strategies, and help the natural enemies when it works exceed the limits. Integrated water management to provide services in the regulation of water directly or regulation of relative humidity and temperature indirectly in providing a suitable environment for natural enemies and soil microbes. Integrated pest management uses selective insecticides to the area of target pests to serve the natural enemies that work over load.

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