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INDONESIA
Buletin Iptek Tanaman Pangan
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Computer Science & IT
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 6 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017" : 6 Documents clear
Pemanfaatan dan Konservasi Keanekaragaman Sumber Daya Genetik Tanaman Pangan di Lahan Pekarangan Sutoro Sutoro
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Traditional food crops have been cultivated in the home garden of rural communities since long times ago. The type of food crops to be grown is influenced by preferences of the owners of home garden, land area, agroclimate, and socio-economic as well as the culture of the local community. Food crops producing carbohydrates and protein grown at the home gardens are functioning to supply the daily needs and as food reserves for longer term. The type and number of crops grown at the home garden vary greatly among farmers and regions, resulting a rich food crop genetic resource reserved. Each individual farmer retains local strains and varieties, derived from previous season and from their ancestors, so it serves as in situ conservation or as the on-farm genetic resources preservation. The diversity of plant genetic resources conserved in the on-farm has shifted considerably, especially in the near urban communities, from traditional food crops to more commercial crops. But in the remote villages, diverse food crop genetic resources are still maintained. The on-farm conservation of food crop genetic resources along with their direct utilization for food by farmers, should be improved of their cultivation, harvesting and processing techniques so that it will increase the added value of the crops. This way, it would facilitate the sustainability of the conservation of food crop genetic resources.
Sistem Perbenihan Formal dan Informal Tanaman Pangan Eman Paturohman; Sumarno Sumarno
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

The food crop seed system had evolved in accordance with the progress of the farming development. In subsistence farming, seed supply is an integral part of the farming itself, whereby farmers obtain seed from the crops harvested in the previous season. Commercial intensive farming utilizes good seed quality of improved variety provided by commercial seed companies. When the seed is product and directly used by farmers, it is called an informal seed system, while seed which is produced according to the standard operation, including seed certification, it is called a formal seed system. Food crops production in Indonesia accomodates the informal seed system, especially for the farming on suboptimum lands and for legumes and tuber crops. Informal seed system provides seeds of many local adapted varieties, which are able to form the agrobiodiversities on the farm lands. Conversely, the formal seed system has provided certified seeds of improved varieties and hybrids, which have contributed significantly to the increases of national food production. Informal and formal seed systems both can go along harmoniously in providing seed for Indonesian farmers, because each has certain targeted farmers. Governmental seed program, therefore, should facilitate both the informal and formal seed system. Informal seed system of food crops should be more appreciated rather than being discouraged, because it is complementary to the formal seed system.
Manfaat Bahan dan Pupuk Organik pada Tanaman Padi di Lahan Sawah Irigasi Suyamto Suyamto
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

If there is a negative impact of the implementation of Green Revolution it is an excessive usages of chemical fertilizers and minimum uses of organic fertilizers, practiced by rice’s farmers. The government had supported the use of organic fertilizer by subsidizing the price of organic fertilizer. However, farmers did not interested in applying organic fertilizers, for reason that application of organic fertilizer is more cumbersome and the effect on crop yield is not readily visible, if compared with that of applying chemical fertilizers. The objective of this paper was to review the benefit of organic matter as fertilizer applied on irrigated rice land. It had been known that organic matter play important roles in improving physical, chemical and biological soil fertility, as well as a source of nutrients for crop plants. Those roles would be more significant in dry lands, but it would be less significant in the lowland irrigated rice soils. Soil preparation broke the soil structure, soil permeability and improved water holding capacity. The submerged soil tended to buffer soil pH into neutral, that caused all nutrients became more available for crop. Submerged soil also made soil unaerobic that would slow the rate of organic matter decomposition. It meant that the benefit of organic matter as fertilizer for improving physical, chemical and biological fertility was slow. The benefit of organic matter as fertilizers for rice on submerged soil was as a source of essential macro nutrients. However, the content in the organic fertilizer would not match with the nutrients taken up or removed by the crop. Therefore, applying of only organic fertilizers alone could not meet with the requirement of NPK nutrients for rice, rather it would be more advantageous to combine both organic and chemical fertilizers. The use of matured organic fertilizers with the C/N ratio of <15 was suggested.
Rasionalisasi Pola Rotasi Tanaman Pangan Berbasis Ketersediaan Air Abdul Karim Makarim; Ikhwani Ikhwni; Made Jana Mejaya
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rotation of food crops on farm lands within one cropping year is becoming more important, since the practices could increase the planting and harvesting area of the main crop. Opening new farm lands is prohibitive due to the limited availability of land resources. Crop rotation if rationally applied could overcome drought stress, increased food crop production and farmers’ incomes per year, increased soil fertility, and promoted the production sustainability. Crop rotation would be successful escaping drought stress, if water requirement for the choice of crops and areas of crops in each season during the year was less than the water availability from both rainfall and irrigation. The crop rotation could be optimized by selecting crop varieties which are more drought tolerance and have shorter growing duration, more efficient in using water and have high productivity. Other consideration needs to be taken into account including economic value, sociocultural aspects and in a particular case also includes political and environmental aspect.
Perbaikan Ketahanan Tanaman Padi terhadap Penyakit Tungro Ahmad Muliadi; I Nyoman Widiarta
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Tungro is an important rice disease caused by virus which is transmitted by green leafhopper (Nephotettix spp.) in semipersisten way. Resistant variety when available is considered as an effective control technique and is more environmental friendly. Rice breeding program to overcome the disease initially was aimed to produce green leafhopper resistant varieties. But a few years after releasing the resistant variety, it became susceptible because the green leafhopper could easily adapt to resistant varieties. There was an indication that the virus strains vary greatly. Broadening the genetic background of resistant varieties to green leafhopper and tungro viruses could be an alternative to build more durable resistance varieties. Rice breeding activities for resistance to tungro disease were to be continued to obtain more durable tungro resistant lines. Conventional breeding activities was considered justified, including the selection of tungro resistant lines applying pedigree or backcross methods, followed by observation of resistance genotypes to several strains of virus inoculums and to green leafhoppers. Selected resistant lines from the observation nurseries were followed by yield trials. Resistant lines that showed good yielding potential and good agronomic character would be proposed to be named as new tungro resistant varieties or as sources of tungro resistant genes. Varieties or genotypes that had been produced need to be tested for their resistance to green leafhopper colonies and to some virus strains from source of inoculum derived from endemic areas, to obtain resistance genotypes to be assembled as tungro resistant varieties, to be planted in the virus endemic areas.
Peningkatan Senyawa Fenolik Bekatul dengan SSF (Solid State Fermentation) sebagai Pencegah Kanker Yeni Kurniati; Slamet Budijanto; Lilis Nuraida; Fitriya Nur Annisa Dewi
Iptek Tanaman Pangan Vol 12, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan

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Abstract

Rice bran is a by-product of rice-milling process. The rice bran is a coarse powder substance that is rich in bioactive components, including ferulic acid, ?-oryzanol, ? -sitosterol, tokotrienol/tocopherol, trisin, r-coumaric, sinapic, syiringic and phytic acid. The phenolic compounds of rice bran have potential of preventing cancer. The compounds could be increased by SSF (Solid State Fermentation). Enzymes produced by microbes during the process of fermentation are amylase, xylanase, protease, lacase, esterase, and ? -glucosidase. Enzymes which help increase the phenolic compounds in the rice bran include: lacase, esterase and ? - glucosidase. Factors affecting the amount of increases of phenolic compounds in SSF are the types of microbes being used and duration of fermentation.

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