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Lexicon
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23022558     EISSN : 27462668     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon
Core Subject : Humanities, Education,
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Lexicon, Journal of English Language and Literature, is an open access, peer reviewed, academic journal published by the English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada in cooperation with the English Studies Association in Indonesia (ESAI). It is devoted primarily to the publication of studies on English language and literature. It publishes original articles written exclusively in English twice a year in April and October. Manuscript submission is free of charge and open all year round to any author all across the globe.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 200 Documents
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Semantic Derogation in K-pop Fandom Discourse: A Study of Gendered Nicknaming Practices Kadir, Nur Rizka
Lexicon Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v12i2.107616

Abstract

Semantic derogation as a direct example of sexist language can be seen in many contexts. This study focuses on the phenomenon of semantic derogation in the nicknaming practices within K-pop fandom discourse, particularly on how female and male idols are linguistically targeted based on gender. It aims to analyze derogatory nicknames collected from posts on X, where fan wars frequently occur. The data is categorized by gender and examined through critical discourse analysis at the level of words (Mills, 2008). Findings reveal that female idols are more frequently subjected to sexually charged and demeaning terms (e.g., “Seoul Cycle”, “Jenwhore”), while male idols are insulted based on their appearance or perceived irrelevance (e.g., “Pigmin”, “Fadhyung”). This indicates a gendered double standard, where women are disproportionately sexualized and criticized for their success, whereas men are ridiculed for superficial traits. These practices reflect deep-rooted sexist ideologies and internalized misogyny within digital fan communities. Furthermore, it highlights how fandom language reinforces traditional gender roles and calls for further research into the socio-cultural roots of such bias. 
Kamala Harris’s Convincing Strategies in Her First Presidential Nomination Speech: A Speech Act Analysis Ihsani, Kayla Najmi; Handayani, Tuty
Lexicon Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v12i2.109237

Abstract

This research investigates the convincing strategies in Kamala Harris’s first speech for the 2024 United States presidential election. It classifies the assertive speech act used to convince the audience. Utilizing Searle and Vanderveken’s theory (1985), a qualitative method was applied. The data were collected through documentation techniques, including watching the speech, identifying relevant utterances, and organizing them on the data cards. The analysis identified 24 utterances from 3,306 words classified into nine categories of assertive acts: claim, inform, assure, admit, predict, criticize, insist, remind, and boast. The most frequently used act was boast (5 instances) emphasized her positive track record. This was followed by criticize (4 instances) aimed at offering better policy alternatives. Both assure (3 instances) and inform (3 instances) used to emphasize her personal background. Other acts that appear (2 instances) were claim, insist, remind, and predict. The least frequent was admit (1 instance) to expose policy mistakes. Notably, only the criticize involved indirect speech acts and non-literal meaning. The rest of the assertive acts are direct speech act and literal meanings. The findings suggest that Kamala Harris mostly uses boast to emphasize past achievements as convincing strategies for gaining audience trust in political campaigns.
Revealing Human and Machine Translation Differences Through Annotation Riandini, Riris Ispas; Hilman, Evert Haryanto
Lexicon Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v12i2.109613

Abstract

This study aims to provide an annotated translation of figures of speech in the short story “You Perfect, Broken Thing” by C.L. Clark in Uncanny Magazine Issue Thirty-Two and to examine the translation strategies applied in human and machine translation. The data was analyzed using a descriptive qualitative and quantitative method. The main theory applied is Chesterman’s (2016) translation strategies, focusing on syntactic and semantic strategies. A total of 61 data are categorized by type of figure of speech: 30 metaphors, 14 idioms, and 17 paradoxical sentences were identified along with their translation processes. The result shows that human translation applies semantic strategies in all of metaphors, idioms, and paradoxical sentences, and syntactic strategies in metaphors (33,3%), idioms (64,2%), and paradoxical sentences (64,7%). Meanwhile, machine translation applies semantic strategies in metaphors (66,7%), idioms (66,3%), and paradoxical sentences (35,3%), and syntactic strategies in metaphors (66,7%), idioms (35,7%), and paradoxical sentences (100%). This shows that human translation is more dominant in applying semantic strategies (100%) that prioritize the translation in contextual meaning. In contrast, machine translation is more dominant in applying syntactic strategies (68.85%) that tend to keep the source text’s structure.
Chandler Bing's Sarcasm in the TV Series Friends: A Pragmatic Analysis Sembodo, Thomas Joko Priyo; Wijana, I Dewa Putu; Munandar, Aris
Lexicon Vol 12, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v12i2.109306

Abstract

This study investigates the use of sarcasm by the character Chandler Bing in the American sitcom Friends, focusing on Seasons 1 through 3. Through a pragmatic lens, the analysis identified 134 sarcastic utterances and classified them based on the Gricean conversational maxims they flout as well as the communicative functions they serve. The findings reveal that the maxim of quality is the most frequently violated, with 91% of sarcastic utterances exhibiting a deliberate contrast between literal meaning and intended implication. Additionally, sarcastic functions are grouped into three categories: negative evaluation, positive evaluation, and other purposes. While no utterances were found to express positive evaluation, 36% delivered negative assessments of the hearer, and 64% fulfilled other functions, such as teasing, expressing frustration, or asserting social bonds. The study underscores the complexity of sarcasm as a pragmatic phenomenon and highlights its central role in character development and humor in scripted media. Limitations include the use of a single source and broad functional categories, which future research may refine by incorporating more diverse datasets and nuanced classifications.
Silence as Resistance: A Critical Discourse Analysis of Benjamin Netanyahu’s United Nations General Assembly 2025 Speech and the Audience Walkout Fantasiya Nurul Huda
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.113776

Abstract

This study analyzes a qualitative Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) to examine Benjamin Netanyahu’s 2025 UN General Assembly speech and the audience’s performative response. Using Fairclough’s three-dimensional framework, the analysis is conducted at the levels of textual features, discursive practice, and social practice. The data consist of selected excerpts from the official speech transcript and documented instances of the coordinated walkout by Arab and pro-Palestinian delegations. Textual analysis focuses on evaluative lexical choices such as “finish the job,” “defend ourselves,” and “civilized world,” which function to legitimize Israel’s actions and construct moral justification. The walkout is analyzed as a counter-discursive practice that disrupts this framing and challenges assumed international consensus. The study demonstrates how political rhetoric and non-verbal dissent interact to negotiate power and legitimacy in global diplomatic contexts.
Sociopathic Characteristics of Henry Winter in Donna Tartt’s The Secret History: A Psychological Reading Denisa Budi Sulistianingtyas; Arif Rokhman
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.114607

Abstract

This research examines the character of Henry Winter in The Secret History by Donna Tartt. It aims to support the interpretation by analyzing Henry’s sociopathic characteristics and his manipulation pattern toward other characters throughout the novel. The researcher proceeds to apply Cleckley’s characteristics of sociopathy to analyze Henry Winter. To account for the novel’s first-person narration, the analysis incorporates Genette’s focalization theory (1972) and Minderop’s theory of characterization (2005) to extract the data. The findings reveal that Henry Winter exhibits seven interrelated sociopathic characteristics: 1) superficial charm and 'good' intelligence, 2) absence of delusions or irrationality, 3) absence of nervousness, 4) untruthfulness, 5) lack of remorse, 6) unreliability, and 7) suicide as a cover for his irresponsibility, presented as self-sacrifice. The narrative’s theatrical elements, which show classical sacrificial symbolism, bridge scientific psychology with literary interpretation. The findings show that Henry's manipulations are layered through those seven characteristics. This research then contributes significantly to psychoanalytic literary criticism and broadens academic discourse on The Secret History.
A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Gendered Language Features in the Movie How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days Yosefa Isabel Namangge; Eko Setyo Humanika; Septi Riana Dewi; Ninung Pandamnurani
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.116585

Abstract

This study aims at identifying the types of men’s and women’s language features used in the movie How to Lose a Guy in 10 Days to determine the predominant features employed by the main characters respectively based on the theories proposed by Lakoff (2004) and Coates (2013). This study adopts a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through observation and note-taking of the characters’ dialogues in the movie. The findings reveal that the female character, Andie Anderson, uses all ten women’s language features proposed by Lakoff (2004), with lexical hedges or fillers as the most dominant (17 utterances, 25.37%). The male character, Benjamin Barry, employs all five men’s language features proposed by Coates (2013), with swearing and taboo language as the most frequent (12 utterances, 28.57%). In addition, the results show that Benjamin produces 33 utterances categorized as women’s language features, while Andie produces 8 utterances categorized as men’s language features. These results suggest that language use is flexible and influenced by communicative context rather than by gender alone.
Politeness Strategies and Power Relations Depicted in Shark Tank Pitch Discourse Muhammad Nur Assyddyq; Listya Arum Ridhawati
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.117999

Abstract

This study analyzes politeness strategies and power asymmetry in entrepreneurial investment pitches by qualitative discourse analysis of 10 complete Shark Tank interactions (Seasons 12–16). Brown and Levinson (1987) politeness theory, refined by Fathi (2024), and Fairclough (2015) critical discourse analysis are applied to seven deal-successful and three no-deal pitches at the investment request, investor critique, and negotiation or rejection stages. The investigation found that deal-successful entrepreneurs used a range of strategies across three phases, while no-deal entrepreneurs relied on a single strategy under investor pressure. The use of topic control, interrogative sequencing, and evaluative reformulation consistently reinforced power imbalances, but individual instances imply that this power is created through interaction rather than predetermined by structure. Overall, the findings indicate that strategic flexibility—not specific politeness choices—is key for effective discourse management in high-stakes investment pitches, and that sociolinguistic analysis can reveal important communication patterns that outcome-focused studies have yet to examine systematically.
Death Anxiety and Defense Mechanism as Seen in Adam Silvera’s The First to Die at the End: A Psychoanalytic Reading Nurainina Berliani Natanda
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.120943

Abstract

This research examines death anxiety and defense mechanisms experienced by Valentino Prince in The First to Die at the End and the influence of defense mechanisms on his actions and interactions with others while dealing with his imminent death. This research uses a qualitative approach with a psychoanalytic perspective. The researcher applies Robert Langs’ death anxiety, Anna Freud’s defense mechanisms, and George E. Vaillant's hierarchical defense mechanisms theory. The findings indicate that Valentino experiences two types of death anxiety: predatory and existential death anxiety. In response, Valentino reveals four types of defense mechanisms: 1) denial, 2) intellectualization, 3) reaction formation, and 4) sublimation. The other result shows that sublimation is the most adaptive defense mechanism, as it allows Valentino to channel his anxiety into meaningful actions. Thus, all of the defense mechanisms used by Valentino are mainly adaptive, enabling him to confront his imminent death while maintaining emotional stability and making purposeful experiences during his final day, although some of the defenses give maladaptive outcomes. This research contributes to comprehending the psychological complexities of dealing with mortality through the lens of psychoanalysis.
Stories of Indonesian Workers in Australia: A Needs Analysis of Communicative Competence in Multicultural Settings Hasyim Kurniawan
Lexicon Vol 13, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v13i1.121097

Abstract

Opportunities for Indonesians to work in Australia are growing. However, there is limited information on how to adequately prepare them for effective English communication and adaptation in a multicultural and multilingual workplace environment. Revisiting the expanded framework of communicative competence, including linguistic, strategic, interactional, multidialectal, and metacultural competencies, this study explores how Indonesian migrant workers navigate real-world communication in Australia. Using narrative inquiry, this needs analysis (NA) draws from in-depth interviews with six university-educated Indonesians under Working Holiday (WHV) and Dependent Visas (DV), all with at least six months of work experience across industries such as hospitality, cleaning, retail, and factory work. Thematic analysis revealed key gaps in job-specific vocabulary (e.g., tools, workplace areas, food terms), listening challenges with diverse English accents (Indian, Chinese, Australian), and difficulties with interactional norms and self-advocacy in intercultural settings. Participants also reflected on how prior grammar-focused instruction left them unprepared for spontaneous, task-oriented exchanges. Findings also show that in real workplace interactions, participants often drew on strategic competence (e.g., clarification, circumlocution) and metacultural competence (e.g., explaining religious practices, responding to dietary taboos) more than on grammatical accuracy. Nonetheless, some contrasting views suggested that grammatical competence can still play a key role in certain jobs, especially those involving customer service or opportunities for job advancement. These findings challenge the general English curriculum in Indonesia and underscore the importance of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) that aligns closely with actual workplace demands.

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