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Lexicon
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 23022558     EISSN : 27462668     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/lexicon
Core Subject : Humanities, Education,
Humanities Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media
Lexicon, Journal of English Language and Literature, is an open access, peer reviewed, academic journal published by the English Department, Universitas Gadjah Mada in cooperation with the English Studies Association in Indonesia (ESAI). It is devoted primarily to the publication of studies on English language and literature. It publishes original articles written exclusively in English twice a year in April and October. Manuscript submission is free of charge and open all year round to any author all across the globe.
Arjuna Subject : Seni dan Humaniora - Seni dan Humaniora (Lain-Lain)
Articles 194 Documents
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Indirect Refusal Strategies in Two American and Three British Movies Curtina Melati Kasih
Lexicon Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v3i2.42121

Abstract

This research focuses on identification and classification of indirect refusal strategies found in two American movies (RV (2006), We’re the Millers (2014)) and three British movies (Chalet Girl (2011), Cuban Fury (2014), and Hot Fuzz (2007)). In particular, it aims to show the different strategy between the refusals of American and British movies. The data were analysed by Félix-Brasdefer taxonomy of indirect refusal strategies (2008, 74-79). The data used in this research were taken through an observation from the subtitle of these five movies. The results of the research show that out of the 92 refusal utterances, 50 were found in the American movies and 42 from the British movies. Based on the findings, the most frequently used strategy from the American movies is Strategy 1: Mitigated Refusal. This strategy was used 11 times (11.96%). In the British movies, the most common strategy is Strategy 2: Reason/Explanation which used 17 times (18.48%). These results suggest that the American and the British have their own ways in delivering refusal. To minimize the negative effects of being refused the American tends to hedge the refusal for making the utterances sounds more polite. Meanwhile, the British tends to explain why they cannot fulfil the interlocutor’s demand.
Apology Strategy Used by the Characters in Four Cartoon Movies Devy Putri Larasati
Lexicon Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v3i2.42122

Abstract

This article discusses apology expressions in four cartoon movies. The goals are to describe the strategy of apology and explain how the utterances of apologies are affected by familiarity. The research collected the data from dialogues that consist of apology in Monsters University, Frozen, Mulan, and Mulan II. In analyzing the data, it followed five steps: (1) finding and understanding the context of the utterances of the apology expression in order to understand the speaker’s utterances; (2) identifying and describing the utterances based on the category of apology strategy; (3) analyzing the data based on the theory of apology strategy by Olshtain & Cohen; (4) analyzing the use of apology influence by familiarity; (5) making conclusion based on the results of the data analysis.The results show that two apology strategies, an expression of an apology and an explanation or account of the situation, dominate the ranks. They are then followed by an acknowledgment of responsibility, and an offer of repair, and a promise of forbearance. Meanwhile, the relation between the speakers also influence the use of apology.
Illocutionary Strategies in Digital Advertisement Campaign as Found in Coca-Cola’s #Makeithappy Dhenok Wulandari
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42130

Abstract

Language used in a campaign is an interesting study, moreover if it is used in a campaign which targets adolescent audience who are known with their own dynamics. The study uses the sample of advertisement campaign from The Coca-Cola Company entitled #MakeItHappy which aims to fight the increasing online bullying in the digital era nowadays, especially to American's adolescents. The data are taken from five videos containing thoughts and testimonials from celebrities, experts, and some adolescents who experience and/or having a concern with the issue. The language used there is identified by Austin's illocutionary speech acts then analyzed by the theory of Searle. The study shows that the type of speech act which is seen in high frequency is assertive-directive indirect speech (66,7%). This result implies that assertive-indirect directive indirect strategy is the most appropriate strategy to be used towards teenagers in the context of advertisement campaign.
The Flouting of Conversational Maxims in Make-Up Advertisements Found in People StyleWatch Magazine Fifi Rania Maulida
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42131

Abstract

This research aims to identify the types of conversational maxim that are flouted in the headlines and taglines of make-up advertisements found in three issues of People StyleWatch magazines published in August, September and October 2015, to study the implied meaning, and identify actions that a woman should take to be considered an ideal woman suggested by make-up advertisements. The result of the research shows that there are 25 headlines and taglines which flout the conversational maxims, namely maxims of quantity, maxims of quality, maxims of relation, andthe combination of the maxims. The result also shows that there are seven actions that a woman should take to be considered an ideal woman represented in each headline and taglines, namely wear make-up, wear make-up all day and everywhere, become beautiful in a fast and easy way, wear bold make-up, wear make-up to make the face healthier, wear make-up like models on the runway, and wear make-up everyday.
Apology Strategies in Scream Queens (2015) Mariette Wahyuningsih Montgomery
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42132

Abstract

The aim of this undergraduating thesis is to classify and identify apology strategies proposed by Cohen and Olshtain (1983) and its combinations in television series Scream Queens (2015), as a television series that illustrates how U.S. college students apologize. The data used in this research are utterances of Scream Queens (2015) season 1.The apologies found in the television series are classified based on the apology strategies proposed by Cohen and Olshtain (1983) which consist of: Expression of Apology (EA), Explanation of Account (Eac), Offer of Repair (OR), Acknowledgement Responsibility for Offense (ARO), and Promise of Forbearance (PF). Each apology speech act is classified based on the first strategy used. Utterances with two or more apology strategies are then identified and classified again according to the combinations. In this research, the total of apology strategies found thoughout their data source are 124. The most used apology strategy is EA with 59 utterances. There are 26 combinations and 4 standalone apology strategies in the television series. The most used combination is EA-EAc with 21 utterances. While the most used standalone apology strategy is EAc with 34 utterances.
Phrase and Clause Usage in Michael Jackson’s Song Lyrics Muhammad Adi Pratama
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42133

Abstract

This research aims to find out the usage of phrase and clause types that are found in Michael Jackson song-lyrics such as Billie Jean, Beat It, Black or White, Dirty Diana, Earth Song, Heal the World, Man in the Mirror, Smooth Criminal, They Don’t Really Care About Us, and Thriller. The phrase and clause types are based on Eastwood’s categories. The phrase is divided into five types: (1) verb phrase, (2) noun phrase, (3) adjective phrase, (4) adverb phrase and (5) prepositional phrase, while the clause is divided into two types, namely main clause and sub clause. There are also four types of sub clause: (1) adverbial clause, (2) conditional clause, (3) noun clause, (4) and relative clause. This categorization can find out the usage of grammatical pattern in the sentence. In the analysis, the findings of phrases and clauses show that the most dominant number are noun phrase (51.94%) and main clause (63.74%).
The Case of the Sidekick: The Roles of Dr. John Watson in Sherlock Holmes Canon by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Adiba Qonita Zahroh
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42134

Abstract

sidekick in literature is perceived as a supporter of a hero or a man-behind a hero. However, it does not always work that way. In Sherlock Holmes canon, there can be found a well-known dr. John Watson who acts differently as a sidekick for Sherlock Holmes as a protagonist of the stories. Throughout the canon, Watson does not merely act as a supporter or a man-behind who just follows Holmes’s moves. In many occasions, Watson contributes varied significant things in supporting Holmes through some roles he possesses. Moreover, what Watson contributes is found out to be influential to Holmes. Therefore, it can be seen that being a sidekick can do other things apart from following the hero all the time.Based on the facts about Watson’s contributions, this paper is conducted to examine the roles dr. John Watson as a sidekick. The data used in the research are 56 short stories and four novels of Sherlock Holmes bundled together in Sherlock Holmes canon. The method of collecting the data is executed through intensive reading, mapping out the roles of dr. John Watson found during the reading process, and analysing the collected data.Since the focus of this paper is about dr. John Watson’s roles and their influences towards Sherlock Holmes, objective theory is chosen to be employed. Related to the theory, this paper offers the explanation of intrinsic elements with focus on character element and sidekick character.
Racial Discrimination in Kathryn Stockett’s "The Help" Amalia Putri Maurilla
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42135

Abstract

Kathryn Stockett’s novel titled The Help is a narrative novel about the lives of African-American maids named Aibileen and Minny who received discriminative treatments from the white masters around 1960s in Southern United States. This research aims to answer two objectives, which are; to explore the racial discrimination acts toward the black maids and to investigate the effects of racial discrimination to the black maids’ lives. Since the present writer analyzes the discriminative treatments from the white masters toward the black maids based on the real social condition in the era of 1960s in Southern United States, Sociological Approach is considered as the most suitable approach to be applied. In addition, Fred L. Pincus’s theory about type of discrimination is also used in analyzing the discrimination acts. The result of this research paper shows there are two types of discrimination as seen in the novel; individual discrimination and institutional discrimination, and those discrimination acts reflect the social condition of 1960s in Southern United States. Meanwhile, racial discrimination affects the lives of the black maids in term of distrust toward white people and insecurity.
Hedonism as Seen in Oscar Wilde’s "The Picture of Dorian Gray" Anastasia Intan Kurnia Saputri
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42136

Abstract

This article discusses hedonism in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray through the main character’s actions and lifestyle. The Picture of Dorian Gray (1890) was published in the era where aestheticism movement was flourishing. Aestheticism is an arts movement that promoted art for the sake of its beauty alone. This movement is believed to be existed as a protest against the machine-made products in the Industrial Revolution which were regarded to be ugly. Therefore, the whole story of The Picture of Dorian Gray concerns about beauty. By analyzing the main character, this article aims to find out the role of the supporting characters, the similarity of Dorian’s lifestyle with the real Victorian gentlemen, and the role of beauty and art in Dorian Gray’s changing behavior. This study is conducted through library and internet research. It concludes that the main character Dorian Gray has undergone a process that changes his behavior which is involving the role of the supporting characters, the similarity of gentlemen’s lifestyle in the story with the real Victorian society, and the role of beauty and art which overall have changed Dorian’s behavior and lifestyle to the point where it can be regarded as hedonic.
Malformation and Isolation: Critique to Jewish Orthodoxy Found in Franz Kafka’s "The Metamorphosis" Anindya Firda Khairunnisa
Lexicon Vol 4, No 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/lexicon.v4i1.42137

Abstract

The research discusses the Jewish images found in The Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka and its interpretation. It aims to prove that the utilization of Jewish images within the novella shows the author’s underlying critique towards Jewish Orthodoxy’ ways of thinking, particularly the way they regard the Holy Scripture. The data used in the research are taken from Franz Kafka’s The Metamorphosis, in the form of words containing plot structure, characters and characterizations (including dialogue and actions), metaphors, symbols, and allusions, which represents a certain Jewish value within Kafka’s The Metamorphosis. The data are then analysed with Freudian Psychoanalysis, supported by external data such as the background of the author and information about Orthodox Judaism. The result of the research concluded that, in The Metamorphosis, Franz Kafka demonstrates that in front of the unquestioned and oblivious masses of the divine law human is hopeless; just like Gregor who ends up dying an unjustified death.

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