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Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society
ISSN : 20868952     EISSN : 24600245     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society disseminates new research results in all areas of mathematics and their applications. Besides research articles, the journal also receives survey papers that stimulate research in mathematics and their applications.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 649 Documents
Modelling The US Dollar Index Using Continuous Hidden Markov David Vijanarco Martal; Berlian Setiawaty; Retno Budiarti
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.1986

Abstract

This study employs the continuous hidden Markov model (HMM) to model the index data of the US Dollar index from 2018 to 2024. HMM is used to predict and analyze hidden patterns that generated the data. The data is modelled using a continuous HMM with 11 hidden states and lognormal distributions with different parameters for each hidden state. The accuracy of the continuous HMM is measured by MAPE. The MAPE value for both training and testing data is very low, less than 4%. This means that the continuous HMM can be used to model the data accurately. The plot shows accurate predictions between simulated data and real data, and furthermore, the model can capture the fluctuations of the data.
On Graceful Labeling of Some Power Graphs Gurvinder Singh; Neeraj Takshak; Amit Sehgal; Archana Malik
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2000

Abstract

Power graphs of groups and semigroups constitute a significant class of graphs in algebraic graph theory, bridging algebraic structures and graph theoretic concepts. Further, labeling of graphs, particularly those endowed with an algebraic structure as their vertex set, is a vibrant area of research. This article contributes to this burgeoning field by exploring new classes of finite groups whose power graphs admit or forbid an important type of labeling called graceful labeling.
Atom of the Lattice of All N-Radicals Puguh Wahyu Prasetyo; Indah Emilia Wijayanti; Halina France-Jackson; Joe Repka
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2016

Abstract

In this paper, we study atomic elements in the lattices of radical classes. A minimal element of the lattice of all \(N\)-radicals (respectively, supernilpotent radicals and special radicals) is called an \(N\)-atom (respectively, a supernilpotent atom and a special atom). We construct a class of \(N\)-atoms generated by prime essential rings and investigate their structural properties. We show that these \(N\)-atoms are closely related to supernilpotent atoms and special atoms, and we clarify the precise relationships among these three types of atoms. In particular, we prove that for a prime essential ring \(R\), the associated radicals \(\widetilde{\mathit{l}}_{R}\) and \(\overline{\mathit{l}}_{R}\) generate, respectively, a special atom and a supernilpotent atom. This result provides a positive answer to an open question concerning which prime essential rings give rise to atomic elements in the lattices of all $N-$ radical, special radicals and supernilpotent radicals.
Graceful Vit Labeling: A New Approach and Its Applications to Graphs Felicia Servina Djuang; Yeni Susanti
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2061

Abstract

Consider an undirected, simple graph \( G = (V(G), E(G)) \). A graceful labeling of graph \( G \) is an injective function \(f: V(G) \to \{0, 1, 2, \dots, |E(G)|\} \) such that the induced edge labels, defined by $f^*(uv)=|f(u)-f(v)|$ for every edge $uv \in E(G)$, are all distinct. In this paper, we introduce a new type of graceful labeling, called \textbf{graceful vit labeling}. A graceful labeling $f$ of graph $G$ is called a graceful vit labeling if the vertex weight function $w_f: V(G) \to \mathbb{N}$, defined by $w_f(v)=f(v)+\sum_{uv \in E(G)}f^*(uv)$ for every $v \in V(G)$, assigns pairwise distinct weights to all vertices in graph $G$. In other words, no two vertices have the same sum of their own label and the labels of all edges incident to them. In this paper we present various examples of graphs that admit graceful vit labeling and explores structural properties and necessary conditions for their existence.
Coprime Degree of a Finite Group Abdul Gazir Syarifudin; Ahmad Muchlis; Pudji Astuti
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2073

Abstract

The coprime probability of a finite group has been defined, and the coprime probability of a p-group for any prime number p has also been obtained. In this paper, we refine the concept by introducing the coprime degree of a finite group. We calculate the coprime degrees of cyclic groups, nilpotent groups, dihedral groups, and general quaternion groups.
The Non-Normal Cyclic Subgroup Graph Associated with Quasidihedral Groups of Order 16 Nur Nabilah Abdul Razak; Nur Idayu Alimon; Adem Kilicman; Nor Haniza Sarmin; Nabilah Fikriah Rahin; I Gede Adhitya Wisnu Wardhana
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2140

Abstract

Let \textsl{G} be a group and \textsl{H} be a non-normal cyclic subgroup of \textsl{G}. The non-normal cyclic subgroup graph, denoted as $\Gamma^{NN}_{H}(G)$, is defined as a directed graph with vertex set elements of \textsl{G} such that for two distinct elements \textsl{x} and \textsl{y} in \textsl{G}, \textsl{x} is the initial vertex and \textsl{y} is the terminal vertex of an edge if their product is in \textsl{H}. In 2020, the idea of the non-normal subgroup graph, which is the extension of the subgroup graph was developed. This research identifies the non-normal cyclic subgroup graphs connected to order 16 quasidihedral groups. Firstly, the Groups, Algorithms and Programming (GAP) software is used to identify the non-normal cyclic subgroups. The definition of $\Gamma^{NN}_{H}(G)$ is then used to calculate the adjacency and direction of the vertices. Lastly, Maple 2016 software will be used to visualize these graphs.
Antimagic Labeling of Graph Unions of Trees and 4-Cycles Poh Hwa Ong; Huey Voon Chen; Wei Shean Ng
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2238

Abstract

Let $G(V,E)$ be a graph with $V(G)$ as the set of vertices and $E(G)$ as the set of edges. A labeling is a bijection $f:E(G)\to\{1,2,\cdots, |E(G)|\}$. For each vertex \(v\), let \(\phi(v)\) be the sum of the labels on the edges incident to \(v\). If all values \(\phi(v)\) are distinct, the labeling is antimagic, and the graph is antimagic if such a labeling exists. This paper explores the concept of antimagic labeling in graph theory, with a particular focus on the union of various tree structures, including stars, single brooms, and double brooms. We apply extended Skolem sequences to prove that for a wide range of parameters, unions of multiple 3-paths with appropriately many 4-cycles yield antimagic graphs. Additionally, we analyze combinations of 4-cycles paired with different tree structures.
Explicit Formulas for the Anti-Trace of 3-by-3 Matrix Powers via Generating Functions Jeriko Gormantara; Devi Fitri Ferdania; Fajar Yuliawan; Hanni Garminia
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2260

Abstract

We study the anti-trace—the sum of anti-diagonal entries—of powers of 3-by-3 matrices. Unlike the ordinary trace, the anti-trace has no spectral characterization, so closed forms for the anti-trace of matrix powers are valuable. Starting from the Cayley--Hamilton recurrence for matrix powers and solving a trivariate generating function, we derive explicit closed-form expressions whose coefficients are signed multinomial combinations of the sums of principal minors and their anti-principal counterparts. The formulas are purely algebraic and remain valid over any commutative ring. As a structural application, we analyze block anti-diagonal matrices of size 3m-by-3m.
An Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions for a Stochastic Differential Equations with \psi-Caputo Fractional Derivative R. Hariharan; Ramalingam Udhayakumar
Journal of the Indonesian Mathematical Society Vol. 32 No. 3 (2026): SEPTEMBER
Publisher : IndoMS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22342/jims.v32i3.2325

Abstract

The present work investigates the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a fractional stochastic differential equations with $\psi$-Caputo fractional derivatives. We establish important theoretical conclusion and examine the energy growth bounds and asymptotic behavior of the stochastic solution using the Banach's fixed point theorem. Additionally, we consider our analysis into single-valued function derived from multivalued mappings. We provide examples to validate in our methodology.

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