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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 301 Documents
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Processing Biochar from Solid Waste of Arenga Pinnata Flour Industry Susanti Rina, ST, MT
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.321

Abstract

 Arenga pinnata solid waste can be used as biochar-making material because it contains biomass agriculture and forestry residue. This research purposed to know the effect of pyrolysis in yield and characteristic of biochar as soil amendment. The research done by making model and practice the model. The variables of this research were : temperature, biochar yield, C-organic content, water content, pH, N, P, and K. The raw materials weight that used in each pyrolysis process is 200 grams.The result from this research are the highest biochar yield from arenga pinnata with 200 grams of raw materials weight was at 300 – 500 °C of temperature and 210-240 minutes of processing time with >30% of yield. The test with temperature variations show : 1) at 300-400°C of temperature acquired 4,45% of water content, 5,6 of pH, 14,63% of C-organic content, 0,71% of Nitrogen, 0,10% of Phosphor, and 0,63% of Kalium, 2) at 400-500°C of temperature acquired 5,62% of water content, 5,26 of pH, 13,49% of C-organic content, 0,73% of Nitrogen, 0,13% of Phosphor, and 0,49% of Kalium, 3) at 500-600°C of temperatur acquired 3,22% of water content, 6,1 of pH, 15,66% of C-organic content, 0,92% of Nitrogen, 0,09% of Phospor, and 0,58% of Kalium. The results from this research were able to fulfill the regulation as soil amendment determined by International Biochar Initiative (2010).
Sintesis Katalis Ni/ZSM-5 untuk Pirolisis Cangkang Sawit Menjadi Bio-Oil Sunaro Sunarno
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.326

Abstract

 Increasing of the palm plantation every years can be increase the Crude Palm Oil (CPO) product, effecting the increase of the palm solid waste . One of the solid waste is palm kernel shell which used as energy source for boiler that produce palm ash wich as substant for the synthesis of ZSM-5catalyst (ratio Si/Al= 30). The synthesis of Ni/ZSM-5 by impregnation method at temperature 900 C, for 6 hours, then calcined by the themperature various of 4000 C, 5000 C, and 6000 C during 4 hours with nitrogen gas is flow, and followed by oxidation with oxygen gas and reduction with hydrogen gas flow for 2 hours at themperature 4000 C have been conducted. The resulting Ni/ZSM-5 was analyzed by BET method and applied for pyrolysis proccess of the palm kernel shell to produce bio oil. The bio oil product was charactrized for dencity, viscocity and flash point. The result show that maximum surface area of catalyst forcalcination obtained at 500ºC is 67,874 m2 /g, and study of pyrolysis proccess from 1% mass of palm kernel shell produce of 43% bio oil yield. The characterization result of bio-oil obtained that density is 0.954gr/ml, viscosity is 12.65cp, and flash point is 62o C.
Standards, Practical Tools in Dealing with Climate Change Dulbert T, Biatna
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Terbitan Lama
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Drastic climate change is becoming an increasingly serious threat to the survival of living beings on this planet. Various effects have been caused by climate change such as rising temperatures, floods, rising sea level, the uncertain season and other radical changes. Other than forest destruction, as well as industry and transportation use fossil fuels contributed in exacerbating climate change. Indonesia, have adopted identical to the four Green House Gases (GHG) into the SNI via reprints. As a developing country and the condition of Indonesias forests and peatland in the tropics, it is more easy going deforestation and degradation. Indonesia is concentrated to develop standards in deforestation field based decreased functions of tropical rain forests as carbon sinks are big enough, not to mention the peatland carbon stocks that have high potential around 36 Gton CO2 from 22 million hectares only. The development of ISO standards in measurements and calculations the Greenhouse Effect, Product Recycling, Promoting Environmental good, Energy Efficiency, Consumer Aware Environmental, very useful and contribute to tackle climate change significantly with the implementation of international standards. The most important thing now is how far the destruction of nature caused by human habits that are not environmentally friendly. Increasing understanding about the scale of change needed to tackle global warming, government, business and civil society should be able to perform the necessary steps and face the need to work in partnership to address such a change. In the long term the benefits of addressing climate change will far outweigh the impact costs . But in the short term, governments, business, and civil society will be more willing to bear those costs if they know their counterparts and competitors use standards, as a practical tool in dealing with climate change.
Pengaruh Kadar Garam Dapur Terhadap Suhu Makanan yang Dimasak dengan Microwave Wasir Nuri,MT
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.337

Abstract

Many people cook by using microwave oven.  There are some reasons for health and the others for practice. Generally they do not know that food temperature is depends on amount of polar compound. Salt is polar compound hence salt content  influenced temperature of food. The objective of research was to determine salt  content to food temperature which is cooked by microwave. This research was simulated by mixing 20 g starch and 20 g salt water with salt variation from 0 to 3,2%. The mixed was put  into Becker glass 100 cc. and heated in microwave oven in low power  level until medium.  The temperature was measured every 2,5 minute until 15 minute. This research  show that salt and electricity power influence the temperature. For examples electricity power level-low, in 15 minute the temperature increase from 37oC to 73 oC at 3,2 % salt content, while at salt 0% and electricity power medium level the temperature increase  up to 90 o C.
Ekstraksi Pektin dari Kulit Buah Coklat dengan Pelarut Asam Sitrat S Susilowat
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.322

Abstract

 Cocoa (Theobroma cacao) is a plant which is often found Indonesia, especially from plantations. Cocoa is into 3 sections, that is peel, fruit’s flesh and seeds. But so far in its use only cocoa flesh and seeds are taken to be used. While the peel is less utilized, becames a lot of waste and is usually used as animal’s feed. Cocoa peel is a source of pectin. Pectin in the food industry is a thickener and an additive in manufacturing jam, jelly, marmalade etc. Process of taking pectin from cocoa peel is done by extraction with citric acid solvent at operating condition pH 3, material and solvent ratio of 1:2, 1:14, 1:16, 1:18, 1:20, operation time of 75 minutes, 100 minutes, 125 minutes, 150 minutes, and 175 minutes, at 80oC and washing with alcohol and without alcohol. From the result of the research it is obtained that methoxyl content is 42.80% on washing with alcohol and 42.86 % on washing without alcohol. The best comparison of solvent is at 1:18 and 150 minutes of extraction time. Treatment on washing with alcohol and without alcohol produces methoxyl content which is almost same, but is terms of color on pectin washing with alcohol produces a clean and white color.
Natural Dyes from Plants Extract and Its Applications in Indonesian Textile Small Medium Scale Enterprise Anastasia Wheni Indraningsih
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.327

Abstract

 Textile industry is an industry that uses dye a lot. Most of the textile industry use synthetic dyes, mainly because it is easy to obtain, guaranteed availability, provide variety of colors and do not easily fading, but in terms of health and safety, waste of textile dyes is very dangerous because it contains heavy metals such as chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn). These metals can be carcinogenic if it accumulates in the human body. On the other hand, the use of natural dyes from plants extracts has many advantages compared to synthetic dyes, such as safe for human’s health and environmental friendly. However there are several drawbacks of natural dyes such as not easily available in the market, not many color choices available and easily fade when compared to synthetic dyes. Therefore, this paper contains review the availability of natural dyes, their extraction and its application in Indonesian textile small scale enterprises.
Pembuatan Edible Film dari Tepung Jagung Danang Jaya
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.333

Abstract

 Edible film adalah suatu lapisan tipis yang dibentuk untuk melapisi makanan (coating), berfungsi sebagai penghalang terhadap perpindahan massa dan atau sebagai pembawa aditif. Penggunaan tepung jagung sebagai edible film merupakan solusi yang menarik sebagai pembungkus pangan inovatif yang dapat menyatu pada bahan makanan. Tepung jagung dipilih karena dapat diuraikan oleh mikroorganisme dan dapat dimakan, sehingga dapat dikatakan lebih ramah lingkungan. Pembuatan edible film dari tepung jagung ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kuat tarik dan kelarutan dalam air edible film yang relatif baik terhadap komposisi bahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara melarutkan tepung jagung sebanyak 10 gram dengan aquadest 50 ml, ditambahkan 70 ml aquadest mendidih dan dipanaskan sampai suhu ± 85ºC. Suspensi yang terbentuk didinginkan mengunakan pengaduk stirrer kemudian ditambahkan gliserol dan sorbitol. Edible film yang terbentuk kemudian dicetak dan dikeringkan menggunakan oven pada suhu 100ºC selama ± 4 jam. Perbandingan volume gliserol dengan sorbitol bervariasi dari: 0:1, 0:2,sampai 5:5. Karakterisasi edible film meliputi analisis kuat tarik (sifat mekanik) dan daya larut dalam air (sifat fisis). Komposisi relatif baik untuk sifat edible film yang dihasilkan adalah dengan perbandingan volume gliserol 1 ml dan volume sorbitol 1 ml dengan kuat tarik sebesar 17,2765 N dan daya larut sebesar 0,0091 g/ml.
Preparasi Membran Selulosa Asetat untuk Penyaringan Nira Tebu Sri Wahy Murni
Eksergi Vol 10, No 2 (2010): Versi Cetak
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v10i2.338

Abstract

In the current  the sugar cane process, the liquid  sugar cane is  purified  by physical  and chemical processes that need much energy and  produce waste. Membrane  process separation is alternative way  for purifying it. In this research, membrane was  prepared from cellulose acetate by phase inversion method with acetone as a solvent and formamide as additive. The experiment was conducted  by varying  cellulose acetate concentration and  evaporation period. Cellulose aseatat, acetone and formamide with a particular composition is stirred for 3-4 hours until homogeneous. Mixture is then filled into the bottle and closed tightly and left for 1 day. Furthermore, the mold is poured on flat glass and evaporated during the allotted time. Matter and its lining membrane is inserted in a tub filled with water at a temperature 2oC for 5 minutes, the membrane was then dried..  Performance of  membrane  produced was tested  determination by  liquid sugar cane. The result of the experiment showed that the best weight ratio of cellulose acetate:acetone:formamide was and evaporation period were 12.5:5.2:3.5  and  45 second respectively; the  membrane produced have volumetric flux, rejection of  TSS and       permeation      of sucrose       were 6.1698 l/m2.hour, 91.12%  and   89% respectively.
Pengaruh Daya Listrik Oven Gelombang Mikro terhadap Pemecahan Emulsi Minyak Mentah Cepu Ir.Wasir Nuri,MT
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.323

Abstract

 Steam which injected to the oil well form a water in oil emulsion (W/O), emulsion must be broke to oil and water phase because disturb oil processing in the refinery unit. The emulsion stability depends on pH, water salinity, temperature and asphaltene, resin and wax content. This research are to find breaking effectiveness emulsion crude oil from Cepu and compare with usual oven. In this research water crude oil emulsion made from Cepu oil well with water salinity 20 ppt. Further the emulsion is affected using microwave radiation from microwave apparatus with variation electric power from 54to 432 Watts. Emulsion breaking with microwave more effective considered with effects use conventional oven. Research showed that increasing electrical power caused produce percentage emulsion breaking increase and faster. Demulsification emulsion formed water salinity 20 ppt in microwave oven with electrical power 432 Watt is the fastest breaking with broke reach 100 percents in five minutes. While demulsification with electrical power 54 Watt the longest breaking, during nineteen minutes break 100 percents. While using conventional oven needs 40 minutes for breaking 100 percents. This results show that emulsion breaking use microwave process more effective considering with use of conventional oven. 
Pembuatan Surfaktan Berbahan Dasar Jerami Padi Sri Wahyu Murni
Eksergi Vol 11, No 1
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknologi Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v11i1.328

Abstract

 Indonesia's oil production has declined due to the low level of production of oil wells that have been old. Extraction of oil from the wells can be enhanced by the injection of surfactant. Potential raw material for the manufacture of surfactants, especially the waste material so that lower-priced. This material include lignocellulosic materials and plantation agricultural waste. Rice straw is one of them. This study aims to make surfactants from rice straw. The axpetriment was conducted through the steps of: (1) preparation of raw materials, (2) delignification and isolation of lignin, (3) sulfonation of lignin using NaHSO3 . Delignification of rice straw held at a temperature of 166o C and a pressure of 1.2 atm. Sulfonated of lignin conducted at a temperature of 90-95°C and pH 7. Lignin and sodium lignosulfonate tested using FTIR and gravimetric. The results show at 2.5 g lignin, weight percent of NaHSO3  60% of the weight of lignin, pH 7, temperature 90-95 ° C for 4 hour reaction obtained 2,5509 g of sodium lignosulfonate (SLS). Sodium lignosulfonate is soluble in water. Sodium lignosulfonate phase behavior test using crude oil from Oil Drilling Tanjung, South Kalimantan, at the surfactant concentration 3000 and 5000 ppm result that the type of emulsion is water in oil. So that this surfactant not suggested for EOR.

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