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Muhamad Maulana Azimatun Nur
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Eksergi: Chemical Engineering Journal
Published by Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta
ISSN : 1410394X     EISSN : 24608203     DOI : https://doi.org/10.31315
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Control & Systems Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology
Eksergi is an open-access, peer-reviewed scientific journal that focuses on research and innovation in the fields of energy and renewable energy. The journal aims to provide a platform for scientists, researchers, engineers, and practitioners to share knowledge and advancements that contribute to sustainable development and energy transition. In addition to energy topics, the journal also accepts high-quality manuscripts related to, but not limited to, the following areas: Separation processes Bioprocesses related to food, energy, and environmental applications Wastewater treatment and resource recovery Process optimization and intensification Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) Chemical reaction engineering and reactor design Life cycle assessment (LCA) and sustainability evaluation Process Design and Control Engineering Process Simulations Process System Engineering The journal welcomes original research articles, reviews, and short communications that demonstrate novelty, scientific rigor, and relevance to chemical engineering and interdisciplinary applications.
Arjuna Subject : Energi (semua kategori) - Energi Terbarukan, Keberlanjutan dan Lingkungan
Articles 312 Documents
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Mechanistic Modeling of a Spiral-Wound Nanofiltration Module using DSPM-DE for High-Purity Salt Recovery from Desalination Brine Sugianto, Mohamad; Altway, Ali; Susianto
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.15947

Abstract

Rejected brine is a concentrated NaCl stream whose elevated Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and SO₄²⁻ depress the quality of industrial salt. We built a mechanistic model of a spiral-wound KeenSen NF1-4040F nanofiltration (NF) element using the Donnan–Steric Pore Model with Dielectric Exclusion coupled to the Extended Nernst–Planck equations. Radial transport is coupled to axial mass balances and solved at steady, isothermal conditions over  bar and . Water flux  increases almost linearly with ; along the module  falls and  rises nearly linearly. Recovery increases with  but decreases with . Flux decomposition shows cations are convection-dominated, whereas anions carry larger shares of diffusion and electromigration. Predicted end-of-module rejections are ≈ 99.0-99.3%, ≈ 97.6-98.1%, ≈ 96.0-96.6%, ≈ 88-89%, and ≈ 74-75%, confirming divalent ≫ monovalent selectivity. Linking to product quality, the simulated permeate at  bar and  yields a conservative dry-salt purity of ~96.9 wt% NaCl when all non-halite salts co-precipitate. Under halite-first crystallization with a gypsum pre-step and bittern purge, only a minor fraction co-crystallizes, giving ≥98.5 wt% (≈99.5 wt% for a 20% co-crystallization assumption). Thus, operating at moderate-to-high  with moderate cross-flow not only maximizes recovery and divalent rejection but also supplies a permeate that can be crystallized to SNI-compliant high-purity salt.
Catalytic Disproportionation of Indonesian Gum Rosin over Pd/C Catalyst: GC–MS Analysis and Reaction Mechanism Hardhianti, Meiga Putri Wahyu
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.15831

Abstract

Indonesian gum rosin is a renewable natural resource with a unique composition characterized by the presence of mercusic acid. This study investigates its catalytic disproportionation over a Pd/C catalyst in a sealed batch reactor at 200 °C and 240 °C to improve chemical stability and explore its reactivity. The reaction products were analyzed using FTIR and GC–MS after methylation. Abietic acid was identified as the most reactive resin acid, undergoing typical disproportionation into hydrogenated (e.g., dihydroabietic) and dehydrogenated (dehydroabietic) derivatives. The formation of dehydroabietic acid was favored at 200 °C, while higher temperature (240 °C) promoted hydrogenation and isomerization side reactions. In contrast, mercusic acid followed a distinct pathway, undergoing selective double-bond isomerization to form structural isomers without changes in molecular weight, as confirmed by identical molecular ions (m/z 364) in the mass spectra. These findings clarify the temperature-dependent reaction behavior of major resin acids and reveal the unique mechanistic role of mercusic acid in Indonesian gum rosin.
Simulation of Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil Using Methanol-Activated CaO Recycling Catalyst: Kinetic and Techno-Economic Evaluation Panjaitan, Jabosar Ronggur Hamonangan
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.15839

Abstract

Waste cooking oil is a food industry waste product that can be converted into biodiesel as an alternative fuel. The use of heterogeneous base catalysts such as commercial CaO offers advantages in biodiesel production due to its reusability. This study investigated biodiesel production from waste cooking oil using commercial CaO catalyst through simulations to evaluate kinetics and techno-economics of its production at plant scale. The simulations used in this study were divided into three process schemes. Scheme 1 was a scheme without CaO catalyst recycling, Scheme 2 was a scheme with 3x recycling of the commercial CaO catalyst, and Scheme 3 was a scheme with 10x recycling of the commercial CaO catalyst. The results showed that the recycling process of commercial CaO catalyst used affects the conversion value of waste cooking oil into biodiesel. Lower reaction conversion was obtained with increasing amounts of recycled commercial CaO catalyst. The highest conversion of waste cooking oil to biodiesel achieved in this study was 92.84% from scheme 1. Based on the techno-economic evaluation, scheme 1 was the most profitable compared to the other schemes, with a net present value of US$34,652,659. Schemes 2 and 3 had lower net present values ​​due to the increase in total capital investment and operational costs for recycling commercial CaO compared to scheme 1. Meanwhile, based on CaO catalyst requirements, scheme 3 had the lowest CaO requirement which was 3.06 tons/year.
Formulation and Characterization of Herbal Lip Balm Utilizing Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) Extract as a Natural Colorant and Active Ingredient Samosir, Harrys; Sarmila, Tina; Maharani, Loza Asmi Nahara; Samosir, Devina Sanchia
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.15867

Abstract

This study formulated an herbal lip balm using dragon fruit extract (Hylocereus spp.) as a natural colorant and moisturizer. The extract was integrated with a base of coconut oil, beeswax, cocoa butter, vitamin E, and rose water. Physical testing indicated an average pH of 5.08 and a melting point of 63–65 °C, complying with standard safety requirements for lip care products. Organoleptic evaluation by 10 panelists demonstrated high acceptance, with 90% approving the soft texture and aroma, and 85% favoring the natural pink color. The product exhibited stability over a 28-day storage period. Material characterization via X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) identified an amorphous crystal structure (2θ ≈ 25.60 ), while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) revealed a porous surface with a particle distribution of 8μm. X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) analysis confirmed the extract is rich in macro-elements, specifically Potassium (67.5%), Calcium (15.5%), Magnesium (8.5%), and Phosphorus (8.4%).
Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Characterization of Sulfate Ion Adsorption on One-Pot Synthesized Quaternary Ammonium Polymer Derived from Vinasse Waste Sari, Hutri Puspita; Rahayu, Aster; Cahya Hakika, Dhias; Pramia Lestari, Syahrani
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.15924

Abstract

Vinasse is a major liquid waste generated from the bioethanol industry and contains a high concentration of sulfate ions that may cause environmental problems if not properly managed. This study investigates sulfate adsorption from vinasse wastewater using a one-pot synthesized quaternary ammonium polymer, with a focus on functional group interactions analyzed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Quantitative adsorption experiments were conducted to confirm sulfate removal, while FTIR analysis was employed to examine changes in functional group characteristics before and after adsorption under various operating conditions. The quantitative results demonstrate that sulfate adsorption proceeds rapidly, achieving a removal efficiency of approximately 87.5534% with an adsorption capacity of 10.6800mg/g at a contact time of 20 minutes under the investigated conditions. FTIR spectra indicate that sulfate adsorption does not alter the main polymer structure and is primarily associated with changes in the intensity of bands related to quaternary ammonium groups and sulfate vibrations, suggesting non-covalent interactions dominated by electrostatic attraction, with possible contributions from hydrogen bonding. Overall, this study provides quantitative evidence of sulfate adsorption from real vinasse wastewater and demonstrates the usefulness of FTIR analysis in elucidating interaction behavior between sulfate ions and quaternary ammonium polymer functional groups.
Performance Test of Biogas Production from Tapioca Wastewater: Effect of HRT and Immobilized Media Sanjaya, Andri; Arhab, jabir Shoji; Salsabila, Dwinda; Damayanti, Damayanti; Fahni, Yunita; Deviany, Deviany; Agustryani, Putri; Auriyani, Wika Atro; Saputri, Desi Riana
Eksergi Vol 23 No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i1.16197

Abstract

Tapioca starch industry wastewater contains high concentrations of organic matter, offering potential for renewable energy generation via biogas production. This study evaluates the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) variation and Lampung natural zeolite as an immobilization medium on biogas production in an anaerobic reactor. Two reactor configurations were compared: one with zeolite as the microbial immobilization medium and a control reactor without any immobilization media. Zeolite improved the sCOD degradation efficiency up to 93% compared to the non-immobilized reactor. VFA conversion to methane remained more stable with zeolite, producing up to 520 mL of biogas at a 10-day HRT, with an average biogas yield of 61.97 mL/g dry substrate, much higher than 4.15 mL/g in the non-immobilized reactor. This research confirms the effectiveness of Lampung natural zeolite for enhancing microbial retention, accelerating methanogenesis, and improving overall anaerobic reactor performance. These results have substantial implications for developing efficient, sustainable, and environmentally friendly treatment technologies for tapioca starch wastewater, offering simultaneous solutions for pollution control and renewable energy generation.
Techno-Economic Sensitivity Analysis of Integrated CCS–EOR for a 1,000 MW Ultra-Supercritical Coal-Fired Power Plant in Indonesia Raden Ricko Satriyo; Renanto; Rendra Panca Anugraha; Roudlotus Salwa Aulia; Galuh Ferlianes Lestari
Eksergi Vol 23 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i2.16590

Abstract

Coal-fired power plants supply 60% of Indonesia's electricity and are major CO₂ sources. Integrating Carbon Capture and Storage with Enhanced Oil Recovery (CCS-EOR) offers a decarbonization pathway with economic benefits. This study evaluates techno-economic performance of an integrated CCS-EOR system for a 1,000 MW ultra-supercritical coal plant in Indonesia, simulated using Aspen HYSYS V14 automated with Python. A solvent blend of 35 wt% MDEA and 15 wt% PZ was used. Four parameters, minimum approach temperature (10–20°C), CO₂ removal efficiency (85–95%), absorber inlet gas velocity (2–2.5 m/s), and stripper Murphree efficiency (0.4–0.8) were varied across full factorial combinations, generating 162 scenarios. Four optimal scenarios were identified via multi-method optimization and assessed for economic feasibility at pipeline distances of 50–200 km. In the base case (90% removal), the system captured 5.66 million tons CO₂/year, with 28.91% energy penalty, Levelized Cost of CO₂ (LCoC) of -$64.53/ton, and Net Present Value (NPV) of $2.07 billion. CO₂ removal efficiency most influences LCoC, while ΔTmin most affects energy penalty. The Balanced Optimal scenario (LCoC -$65.65/ton, energy penalty 28.75%, NPV $2.20 billion) is recommended and remains viable up to 200 km.
The Effect of Solvent Use on Biodiesel Production from Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) via Staged In Situ Transesterification Miftahurrahmah; Melysa Putri; Netri Elisma
Eksergi Vol 23 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i2.15633

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of solvent and co-solvent systems on biodiesel production from spent bleaching earth (SBE) via staged in situ transesterification. The proposed approach integrates solvent-assisted extraction and transesterification in a staged sequence to enhance oil recovery and fatty acid methyl ester formation from a solid waste feedstock. Methanol–hexane and ethanol–hexane systems were evaluated at various SBE-to-co-solvent ratios and transesterification times. The results indicate that methanol-based systems consistently produced higher biodiesel yields than ethanol-based systems, with optimal performance observed at an SBE-to-co-solvent ratio of 1:3 and a transesterification time of 90 minutes. GC–MS analysis provided chemical evidence of ester formation, revealing the presence of palm oil–derived fatty acid methyl esters, with the highest total methyl ester content (44.74%, area %) obtained under methanol-based conditions at a ratio of 1:3. Overall, the findings highlight the critical role of solvent selection and staged processing in improving biodiesel recovery and ester formation from spent bleaching earth.
Comparative Study of Soxhlet Extraction and Hydraulic Pressing for Biokerosene Production from Rubber Seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) Indah Retno Wulandary; Abubakar Tuhuloula; Meilana Dharma Putra; Dewi Dheana Herman; Anisa Maghfirah; Marliana Hartania; Nur Ainah
Eksergi Vol 23 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i2.16489

Abstract

Biokerosene is a renewable alternative to fossil-based kerosene, derived from biological resources such as rubber seeds. This study evaluates the effects of Soxhlet extraction and hydraulic pressing on biokerosene production, including the influence of stirring speed during degumming and the physicochemical characteristics of the product. Rubber seed masses of 50, 75, and 100 g were tested, with degumming conducted at 150 and 300 rpm. The highest oil yield (46%) was obtained using Soxhlet extraction at 50 g. However, superior product quality was achieved through hydraulic pressing at 75 g and 150 rpm, yielding the lowest free fatty acid (FFA) value (4.47 mg KOH/g) and the highest proportion of C10–C16 hydrocarbons (56.54%). The resulting biokerosene exhibited densities of 913.8–929.4 kg/m³ and viscosities of 2.6–3.6 cSt. These findings indicate that Soxhlet extraction is more effective for maximizing yield, while hydraulic pressing produces higher quality intermediates that are better suited for downstream upgrading into aviation fuel.
Optimization of Tannin Removal from Marigold Flowers by Water Extraction as Pretreatment for Lutein Recovery Mukmin Sapto Pamungkas; Sherly Maharani Puspita Sari; Edia Rahayuningsih
Eksergi Vol 23 No 2 (2026)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/eksergi.v23i2.16512

Abstract

Lutein extraction from marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta L.) with organic solvents is related to the presence of tannin-type phenolic compounds, capable of affecting the quality of food products. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of water pretreatment to selectively extract tannins before lutein extraction. The experiment was conducted using water as a solvent for extraction due to its high and low selectivity for phenolic compounds and carotenoids, respectively. The extraction of tannins was investigated with respect to stirring speed, extraction time, and water-to-solid ratio using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) design of central composite. Tannins were extracted in a 1 L beaker at ambient temperature, and total phenolic content (TPC) was measured by spectrophotometry using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The results showed that the quadratic model predicted the optimum extraction conditions as a stirring speed of 579 rpm, extraction time of 4.6 h, and water–solids ratio of 25 mL g−1 dry weight. At these extraction conditions, the process achieved a predicted TPC of 376.76 mg g−1 dry weight with 75.37% removal of tannin. Additionally, visible spectrophotometry confirmed the selectivity of the water-based extraction, as only 1.7% of the initial carotenoid content was present in the water extract.  

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