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INDONESIA
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : -     EISSN : -     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
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Articles 16 Documents
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Search results for , issue " Vol 1, No 1 (2009)" : 16 Documents clear
Editorial : Mendesak, Kebutuhan untuk Memperbaiki Pelayanan Intensif Bayi dan Anak Murti, Bhisma
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
Publisher : Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia

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Abstract

Dalam beberapa dekade terakhir telah terjadi penurunan yang signifikan mortalitas bayi dan anak balita di seluruh dunia. Meskipun demikian kesimpulan umum tersebut mengabaikan disparitas pencapaian indikator mortalitas antara negara maju dan negara berkembang, dan antara negara kaya dan negara miskin. Di samping itu, jika pisau analisis diarahkan kepada angka absolut, kematian bayi dan anak balita masih merupakan problem serius yang memprihatinkan. Setiap hari terjadi dua puluh tiga ribu kematian anak yang tak perlu terjadi di seluruh dunia (Argent et al., 2009). Setiap tahun lebih dari 10.8 juta anak balita meninggal di seluruh dunia (jadi hampir sama dengan penduduk Jakarta), 3.9 juta di antaranya terjadi pada 28 hari pertama kehidupannya (WHO, 2010). Kematian bayi dan anak balita terjadi sebelum anak mengakses pelayanan kesehatan formal, pada tingkat pelayanan primer, maupun tingkat pelayanan sekuder di rumahsakit. (Argent et al., 2009).
Kualitas Spermatozoa dan Aktivitas Enzim Katalase dalam Darah Tikus Jantan Galur Sprague Dawley (SD) yang Diradiasi Sinar Ultraviolet Panghiyangani, Roselina; Mashuri, .
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: The damage of ozone layer in the atmosphere has reached to a serious extent, due to the increasing ultraviolet (UV) radiation, stemming from the green-house effect and the ozone hole. The increasing UV radiation is associated with the risk of some diseases or conditions, e.g. male infertility. The increasing UV radiation triggers the existence of reactive oxygen species (ROS)- free radicals that contain the oxygen atom – that are deemed to have an important role in male infertility. The excessive concentration of ROS causes oxidative stress as indicated by the activity of catalytic enzyme. This study aimed to examine the quality of spermatozoa and and the Activity of catalytic enzyme in the blood of male Sprague Dawley (SD) mice radiated by ultraviolet light of = 200-400 nm.Method: The study subjects were grouped into a group receiving UV radiation (P1) and a control group (Po). The UV radiation was carried out for 3 hours/ day for 60 days. The parameters for spermatozoa included motility perecentage, viability, while normality of the spermatozoa morphology was observed by microscope. The activity of catalytic enzyme in the blodd plasma was measured by spectrophotometry at = 240 nm.Results: The mean of catalytic enzyme for Po was: 75.2 ± 6.9 % and P1: 47.1± 4.9%. The mean of spermatozoa motility percentage for Po was: 64.2± 11.3% and P1 : 0.7± 0.7%. The mean of spermatozoa viability percentage for Po was: 72.1 ± 18.3% and P1: 28.4± 8.4%. The mean of normal spermatozoa morphology for Po was: 91.3±9.0% and P1: 95.2± 4.2%. All these differences were statistically significant.Conclusion: Ultra-violet radiation impairs the quality of spermatozoa and the activity of catalytic enzyme in the blood of male Sprague Dawley (sd) mice. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 4-7Keywords: ROS, catalytic enzyme, the quality of spermatozoa
Effek Ekstrak Etanol Pegagan Pada Aktivitas Sekresi Reactive Oxygen Intermediates (ROI) Makrofag Peritoneal Mencit Swiss Betina Diinduksi Spc-1 Akrom, ; D, Puspitosari; Supriatno,
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Macrophage has a very important immunologic role in anticancer defense. Activity of macrophages as an anticancer can be assessed by the secretion of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI). Centella asiatica herb has been used by Indonesian community as enhancing endurance, but its scientific evidence is lacking. This study aimed to determine the secretion activity of ROI of peritoneal macrophages female swiss mice induced SPC-1 cells after being given a herb Centella asiatica ethanolic extract (EEHP).Methods: This study used 21 female swiss mice, weighing between 20-30 grams. Mice are divided into 6 groups. Group I as a negative control group has been given peroral aquadest. Group II as a positive control group has been given peroral Imboost. Group III, IV, V and VI as the treatment groups, each has been given Centella asiatica ethanolic extract at a dose of 1.5, 15, 150 and 1500 mg / kgBW / day peroral for 14 days. On the 15th day, all mice have been injected SP-C1 cells in subcutaneous area under the breasts and seen the growth of the cancer until the day-to-30. After that, on day 31 all mice have been inoculated with SP-C1 cells again. On day 37, all mice have been sacrificed. Peritoneal macrophages have been isolated and cultured, the ROI was tested with the NBT assay. The data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Levene test for normally distributed data and to know homogeneity of variance. Data have been analyzed using Anova test and LSD test with a confidence level of 95%.Results: The results showed the percentage of ROI secretion of each experimental group at doses 1.5, 15, 150 and 1500 mg /KgBW/day EEHP is 13.0 ± 2.6%, 22.0 ± 9.2%, 23. 6 ± 3.1% and 21.6 ± 6.8%. Doses 15, 150 and 1500 mg /KgBW/day of ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica herb can increase the activity of ROI secretion by peritoneal macrophages of female swiss mice induced SPC-1 cell. Increasing activity of ROI secretion by peritoneal macrophages of the experimental groups statistically did not differ with the positive control group.Conclusion: Ethanolic extract of Centella asiatica herb doses 15, 150 and 1500 mg/KgBW/day can increase the activity of ROI secretion by peritoneal macrophages of female Swiss mice induced SP-C1 cells. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 8-14Keyword : Herbs of etanol essence (Centella asiatica L. Urb), reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) secretion, cell of cancer SP-C1, Swiss female mice
Validasi Metode Bioautografi untuk Determinasi Kloramfenikol Susanti, Meliana; Isnaeni, .; Poedjiarti, Sri
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Contact bioautography method has been developed for determination of chloramphenicol concentration. Validation of bioautography method has beed carried out by using parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, and detection limit.Methods: Thin Layer Chromatography of chloramphenicol has been performed by using Silica gel 60 F254 as a stationary phase, chloroform : methanol (80:20, v/v) and UV lamp as a solvent and for spot visualization respectively. Before spotting, analyte of the chloramphenicol was dissolved in aceton as solvent. Bioautography has been performed by using Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 as a bacterial and Nutrient Agar as medium test.Results: It was found that one spot visualized on the chromatogram has Rf value 0.5. The result showed that respon of activity to be linear at the amount of chloramphenicol between 100 ppm-200 ppm, with regression quotion: Y = 2.8X - 4.3, r value =0.9 and Vxo = 1.8%. Accuracy and precision of the method are 2.8% + 2.3 and 96.2% + 4.7 respectively.Conclusion: Detection Limit (DL) value is 0.06 μg could be expressed as Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC). Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 15-24Keywords: chloramphenicol, bioautography, Validation method
Perbandingan Efektivitas Antara Akupunktur PC-6 dan Ondansetron dalam Mencegah Insidensi Mual dan Muntah Pasca Bedah Ortopedi Utomo, Anggarda Kristianti; Sudirman, Syarif; Syafi’i, Imam
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Post Operative Nausea and Vomiting (PONV) has recently received increasing attention among anesthesiologists since it causes discomfort and danger to unconscious patient. It was hypothesized that acupuncture of PC-6 administered before anesthesia induction may reduce nauseavomiting incident. Ondansetron has been known as “gold standard” anti-emetic. This study aimed to examine the relative effectiveness acupuncture to ondansetron as pre-medical anesthesia in avoiding PONV incident.Methods: This was an experimental study. The population of the research is surgical patient in IBS (Instalasi Bedah Sentral) RSO Prof Dr. R. Soeharso, Surakarta. A sample of 30 patients were assigned to two groups, 15 patients received acupuncture PC-6, and another 15 received 4 mg ondansetron. The data were analyzed using chi square.Results: One patient from acupuncture group and 2 patients from ondansetron group experienced nausea-vomiting in the first 30 minutes. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between acupuncture PC-6 and ondansetron in preventing PONV incident.Conclusion: The acupuncture effectiveness is equal to that of ondansetron, so that it can be used as alternative anesthesia for preventing PONV incident. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 25-31Keywords: acupuncture, ondasetron, PONV
Indeks Efusi Pleura Sebagai Prediktor Sindrom Syok Dengue Pada Anak di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Cahyaningrum, Jeannette Mila Hardiani
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: The extent of plasma effusion in dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) can be identified by pleural effusion index (PEI) in the right lateral decubitus chest X photo. The PEI is expected to help predict the course of DHF. This study aimed to estimate the PEI values that can be used to predict dengue shock syndrome (DSS) in children.Methods: This was a prospective cohort study conducted in the pediatric ward at Dr. Moewardi Hospital in Surakarta from February to March 2009. The study involved 50 study subjects. Complete blood examination, rapid anti-dengue serology test, right lateral decubitus X photo, and PEI, were performed. The cutoff point was determined by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC). Sensitivity, specificity, likelihood ratios, positive and negative predictive values, relative risk, and odds ratio were calculated.Results: The data showed DSS prevalence of 30%, and pleural effusion prevalence of 60%. Using the ROC, the PEI cutoff point of > 9% resulted in AUC 0.7 (CI 95% 0.6 to 0.8, p = 0.002), sensitivity 80% (CI 95% 51.9 to 95.4), specificity 60% (CI 95% 42.1 to 76.1), positive likelihood ratio 2 (CI 95% 1.4 to 2.9), positive predictive value 46.2% (CI 95% 26.6 to 66.6), and negative predictive value 87.5% (CI 95% 66.4 to 97.1). The association between PEI > 9% and DSS was statisticall significant. Using logistic regression to control for confounding factors resulted in an OR for PEI > 9% of 6.0 (CI 95% 1.4 to 25.2, p = 0.014) relative to PEI = 9%.Conclusion: PEI can be used to predict the occurnce of DSS. PEI > 9% has higher risk of DSS than PEI = 9%. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 32-39Keywords: pleural effusion index, right lateral decubitus X photo, dengue shock syndrome, dengue hemorrhagic fever
Skor Pediatric Risk of Mortality III (Prism III) Sebagai Prediktor Mortalitas Pasien di Ruang Rawat Intensif Anak RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Dewi, Mayasari
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Mortality can be predicted from a score system for patient in pediatric intensive care unit. The score system in each intensive care unit is different. It depends on human resources andfacilities. PRISM III score is the most common score system. The objective of this study is to predict patient’s mortality in pediatric intensive care unit using PRISM III and to obtain the best PRISM III cut off point.Methods: A cohort study was conducted in pediatric intensive care unit Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta from August 2008 – February 2009 with 80 samples. In the first 24 hours all of the patients had 17 examinations from PRISM III score. The patients received standard treatment, then was followed until they was discharged from pediatric intensive care unit (death/alive).Results: The results showed that surgery cases were about 57.5% and non surgery cases were 42.5%. The best cut off point PRISM III score was 8. Cox regression analysis demonstrated that patients with PRISM III score 8 had 3.5 mortality risk than PRISM III score < 8. Survival rate patients with PRISM III score 8 was lower than PRISM III score < 8.Conclusion: PRISM III score can be used as a predictor of mortality for patient in pediatric intensive care unit Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta and the best cut-off point PRISM III is 8. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 40-48Keywords: pediatric intensive care unit, PRISM III, mortality
Bukti Baru dari Indonesia: Perbedaan Lama Diare Pada Penderita Diare Akut yang Diterapi dengan Zink dan Probiotik Dibanding Probiotik di RSUD Dr. Moewardi Surakarta Meneng, Putri
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Zinc supplementation reduces the duration of diarrhea, so does probiotic. Combination therapy of zinc and probiotic should reduce the duration of diarrhea more than probiotic alone. The aim of this study was to evaluate the difference of diarrhea duration between zinc-probiotic group and probiotic group.Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted at the pediatric ward Dr. Moewardi Hospital Surakarta, from April to July 2009. There were 64 subjects taken as the study population. Zinc and probiotic supplementation were given in experimental group and probiotic supplementation in control group. Both the subjects and the care providers were blinded. The data were analyzed by linear regression model.Results: Baseline characteristics were similar in both groups. Based on this study, there was shortening of diarrhea duration in experimental group as 1.8 days (b= -1.8; 95%CI -1.3 to -2.3).Conclusion: Combination therapy of zinc and probiotic reduces the duration of diarrhea in children. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 49-55Keywords: zinc, probiotic, acute diarrhea, randomized controlled trial.
Korelasi Penilaian Asma Terkontrol Pada Penderita Asma Persisten Sesudah Pemberian Kortikosteroid Inhalasi dengan Menggunakan Asthma Control Scoring System dan Asthma Control Test Widysanto, Allen; Surjanto, Eddy; Suradi, .; Yunus, Faisal
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: The individual parameters to define asthma severity and asthma control overlap significantly. Validated measures, such as ACT, ACS, ACQ, for assessing asthma control are now available, but no comparison among the existing measures has been performed. This study aimed to assess the correlation between ACT and ACS either before of after inhaled corticosteroid ( ICS ).Methods: This was a cohort study. Samples were collected by consecutive sampling. Two asthma control questionnaires, ACS and ACT, must be filled-up by the patients. Spirometry was performed after asthma control questionnaires were completely filled-up. The certain dose of inhaled corticosteroid (ICS ) was given for 2 months, and patients have to repeat the same procedure as they have done after 2 months inhaled corticosteroid administered.Results: The correlation of ACS score based on ACT category score before ICS showed no agreement. In contrary, the correlation of ACS score based on ACT category score after ICS showed significantly moderate agreementConclusion: There was a moderate correlation statistically significant agreement between ACS and ACT assessment when ACS score of 60% was used as the cut off point. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 56-63Keywords: asthma, persistent, ACS, ACT
Pengaruh Pemberian Suplemen Seng (Zn) dan Vitamin C Terhadap Kecepatan Penyembuhan Luka Pasca Bedah di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Kabupaten Sukoharjo Rusjiyanto,
Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia Vol 1, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Background: Patients admitted in hospital are generally distressed due to the infectious/inflammatory trauma. Similarly, the operative patients will encounter physiological stress due to hypermetabolism. In such condition, the need for nutrition will increase to accelerate the recovery process. This study aimed to examine if the Zn supplement administration alone or combination of Zn and Vitamin C affect the recovery rate of postoperative wound.Methods: This was a randomized controlled trial (RCT). A sample of 42 post-perative patients were assigned to 3 groups: one control group given placebo and 2 (two) treatment groups consisting of one groups given Zn supplement only and one given the combination of Zn + vitamin C. The assessment of wound recovery was done in 3 observations at day 3, 5, and 8 respectively. Anova and posthoc test were used to analyze the data.Results: Results showed no significant difference in mean value of post-operative wound recovery rate between observation I and II, but there was significant difference at observation III. At observation III, the posthoc test showed no significant difference between the supplement Zn group and the control group, but there was significant difference in wound recovery rate between Zn + vitamin C combination group and the control group (p= 0.040).Conclusion: Zn supplement alone administration does not affect the recovery rate of postoperative wound, but the combination of Zn and vitamin C supplement administration accelerates the postoperative wound recovery. Jurnal Kedokteran Indonesia: 1 (1): 64-75Keywords: Supplement, Zn, vitamin C, wound recovery

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