Garuda - Garba Rujukan Digital

âUse of ICT in Teaching-Learning & Evaluationâ Yasa, Made Semadi
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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The writer of the article explained briefly the history of teaching learning process in India which applied the âGurukul System of Educationâ which were dedicated and knowledgeable teachers, individualized and learner center teaching, and self-motivated students eager to learn. And it moved toward to the use of Audio-Video aids in supporting teaching learning process till the use of ICT as the media in that process. âGurukul System of Education was in vogue in India. The main characteristics of Gurukul System were dedicated and knowledgeable teachers, individualized and learner centre teaching, and self-motivated students eager to learn. This system changed due to increase in number of students. Consequently, the number of teachers increased. Some teachers are born but rests of them have to be given rigorous training so as to develop required competency to become a teacher. Teachers have been conscious about the quality of their teaching. To enhance the quality, some teachers use teaching aids, like, charts, models â static & working, specimen, slides, etc. because teachers are given training both in preparation and use of Audio-visual Aids. It is a known fact that majority of schools do not have appropriate teaching aids related to the school content. So teachers have no facility to use A â V Aids during teaching. . . . . This is the age of INFORMATION dominated by the Digital Technology. The Digital Technology has influenced all aspects of human life. Education is not an exception. . . . . One such device is Computer. The Computer is an electronic device that has the capacity to store, retrieve & process both qualitative & quantitative information fast and accurately. The computers were never developed for improving quality of teaching â learning process. But researchers started using Computers for teaching purpose. It gave birth to Computer Assisted Instruction (CAI), Computer Managed Instruction (CMI), Computer Based Instruction (CBI), etc. People started developing CAI for teaching different subjects at School as well as Higher Education level.â

Developing E-Learning based English Reading Materials for the Tenth Year Multimedia Students of SMK N 3 Singaraja Trika Adi Ana, I Ketut
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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Abstract This study was a research and development (R&D), which aimed at (1) developing types of reading materials that are needed by the tenth year multimedia students of SMK N 3 Singaraja; finding out (2) the content validity of the developed material; (3) the quality of the developed material based on the criteria of good ESP material and good e-learning; and (4) whether or not the developed material could improve the reading comprehension of the tenth year multimedia students of SMK N 3 Singaraja. This study followed the R&D design by Lee and Owens. This design involves: need analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study was conducted at SMK N 3 Singaraja, the subjects of the study being the students of class X MM 2. The data were collected through questionnaire, interview, expert judgment sheet, scoring rubric, and tests. The data from the result of observation, interview and questionnaire during the need analysis process were analyzed using Interactive Data Analysis Model. The result of the expert judgment in validating the content validity of the developed material was analyzed using Interrater Agreement Model. While the result of the scoring rubrics in measuring the quality of the developed material based on the criteria of good ESP material and good e-learning material were analyzed using Theoretic Ideal Reference. The result of this study shows that: (1) the tenth year multimedia students of SMK N 3 Singaraja need specific English materials that are related to their future job or study. The existing syllabus and material did not cover their needs since the syllabus and the material were designed to be used for all departments in SMKN 3 Singaraja, namely: Electricity Installation, Multimedia, Audio Video, Computer and Networking, Light Vehicle, Motor Cycle, Building Construction, and Engineering Departments; (2) based on the validation process that was conducted through expert judgment, it was confirmed that the developed material had a very high validity; (3) from the result of the expert judgment based on the criteria of good ESP material and good e-learning material, the developed material was categorized into very good material; and (4) the result of the field study shows that the developed material could improve the studentsâ reading comprehension. It can be seen from the result of pre-test, post-test I, and post-test II that measured the studentsâ reading comprehension. The studentsâ mean score for those tests, which reflect the studentsâ reading comprehension, increased from 40.9 in pre-test, to 66.3 in post-test I, and 79.1 in post-test II. Based on the result of the questionnaire, the students had strongly positive attitude toward the developed material; and (5) from the observation in developing and implementing the developed material, the problems that were found can be classified into technical and financial problems. Keywords: need analysis, e-learning, English reading material, R&D

The Effect of Blockbusters Game and Gender on Grade Ten Studentsâ Listening Comprehension of SMAN 1 Melaya in the Academic Year 2010/2011. Thesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Program Pascasarjana UniversitasPendidikan Ganesha Singaraja. Aditya Septirino, I Komang
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRACT Septirino, I Komang Aditya (2012). The Effect of Blockbusters Game and Gender on Grade Ten Studentsâ Listening Comprehension of SMAN 1 Melaya in the Academic Year 2010/2011. Thesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Program Pascasarjana UniversitasPendidikan Ganesha Singaraja.Keywords:blockbusters game,gender,listening comprehensionThe main objective of this study was to investigate whether there was a significant difference in listeningcomprehension amongmale and female students who were treated differently by using Blockbusters game and conventional technique. The subjects of the study were 4 classes of grade ten students of SMAN 1 Melaya determined by using random sampling. The study involved 6 sessions of treatments and a post test at the end of the treatment. This study used âThe Posttest Only Control Group Designâ as the research design. The gathered data were analyzed by usingdescriptiveand inferential statistics. The result of the data analysis showed that: (1) there was significant difference in listening comprehension between the students who were taught by using Blockbusters game and those who were treated with the conventional technique, (2) there was significant difference of studentsâ listening comprehension between female and male students, (3) There was no interaction between the teaching techniquesappliedand gender difference. Based on the finding above, it is recommended for English teacher to consider Blockbusters game as an alternative listening technique applied in teaching listening inorder to optimize studentsâlisteningcomprehension.2ABSTRAKSeptirino, I Komang Aditya (2012). Efek dari Permainan Blockbusters dan Gender terhadap Kemampuan Mendengarkan Murid Kelas X di SMAN 1 Melaya pada Tahun Ajaran 2010/2011. Tesis, Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Program Pascasarjana Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha Singaraja. Kata kunci: blockbusters game, gender,kemampuanmendengarkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perbedaan kemampuan mendengarkan antara murid perempuan dan laki-laki yang dikelola berbeda dengan menggunakan permainan Blockbusters dan teknik mendengarkan konvensional. Subyek dari penelitian ini adalah 4 kelas dari 8 kelas X di SMAN 1 Melaya yang diperoleh secara random. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain âThe Posttest Only Control Group Designâ. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan inferensial. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa: (1) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan mendengarkan yang signifikan antara murid yang diajar dengan permainan Blockbuster dan teknik konvensional, (2) terdapat perbedaan kemampuan mendengarkan antara murid perempuan dan laki-laki, (3) tidak terdapatinteraksi antara teknik mengajar dan perbedaan gender. Berdasarkantemuan penelitian, disarankan untuk menggunakan permainan Blockbusters sebagai salah satu teknik alternatif untuk mengoptimalkan kemampuanmendengarkan siswa.

The Effect of Reciprocal Strategy and Learning Style on Reading Comprehension of the 10th Grade Students of SMAN 3 Amlapura Hari Sukrawan, I Made
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRACT The Effect of Reciprocal Strategy and Learning StyleÂ on Reading Comprehension of the 10th Grade StudentsÂ ofÂ SMAN 3 Amlapura. Thesis, Language Education Study Program, Post Graduate Program, Ganesha University of Education. Â Key Words: reciprocal teaching strategy, learning style, and reading comprehension. Â This study aimed at investigating the effects of reciprocal teaching and learning style on the English reading comprehension of 10th grade students of SMAN 3 Amlapura.Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â The research subjects of this study were the 10th grade students of SMAN 3 Amlapura. There were 180 students involved as the research subjects of this study. This study was a quasy experiment. The data were collected quantitatively. The data were collected using two types of instruments: test and questionnaire. The method of data analysis used was two-way ANOVA. The study concluded that the use reciprocal strategy significantly improve studentsâ reading comprehension of the 10th grade students of SMA Negeri 3 Amlapura. Reciprocal strategy is also significantly improve visual-dominant students in reading comprehension. There was no significant difference in students reading comprehension between the two groups of students who were dominant in Kinestatic learning style treated with learning style.

DEVELOVING CHARACTER BASED ENGLISH MATERIALS FOR THE NINTH GRADE STUDENTS OF JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL IN SMP NEGERI 1 PETANG SUARDANA, I MADE
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRACT This study is a Research and Development study (R&D) which aimed at developing character based English material for the ninth grade students of Junior High School in SMP Negeri 1 Petang. The development model used in this study was adapted from the development model by Sugiono (2011). The research was started by analyzing the existing English material used by the teacher and the students of grade IX of SMP Negeri 1 Petang to obtain the weaknesses of the English material being used in the school. The result of the analysis showed that the existing materials suffered from several flaws, such as; the absence of explicit statements about character aspects that need to be included in studentsâ activities, lack of use of clear instructions and examples that supported the clarity of the materials, and the monotonous content and lay-out. These weaknesses were concluded from the result of the questionnaire analysis and observation which found that only 33% the existing materials comply with the teachersâ need. Based on the problems, the researcher developed new design of character based English materials which complies with the School Based Curriculum with character building, the criteria of good English material and also the teacher and studentsâ respond through the use of questionnaires. The final product of this research was the character based English material completed with compact disc (CD) for listening material. Â Key Words: character building, School Based Curriculum, research & development (R&D)

CLASSROOM INTERACTION ANALYSIS IN BILINGUAL SCIENCE CLASSES IN SMAN 4 DENPASAR Kumpul, I Nengah
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the classroom interaction types in RSBI class by using FIAC (Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories) system. FIAC system is a system that aims to measure the classroom interaction which has 10 categories, namely (1) accepting feeling, (2) praising and encouraging, (3) accepting or using ideas of student, (4) asking questions, (5) lecturing, (6) giving directions, (7) criticizing or justifying authority, (8) student-talk response, (9) student-talk initiation, and (10) silence. This study was conducted in XI. IPA 1 RSBI in SMA Negeri 4 Denpasar which consisted of thirty six students; twenty one were males and fiveteen were females. This study was carried out based on the case or phenomenon of the growth of RSBI school in Denpasar. For this reason, it is supposed that the classroom interaction of RSBI class will be different from the regular ones. The objectives of this study were to find out the classroom interaction characteristics based on the 10 Flanders categories and to find out the constraints faced by teacher and students in conducting teaching- learning process.Â Â Key words: classroom interaction, Flanders interaction analysis, RSBI class.

Wujud Kesantunan Imperatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas XI PSIA.1 SMAN 1 Kubu Karangasem. Adi Susrawan, I Nyoman
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRAK Adi Susrawan, I Nyoman. 2012. Wujud Kesantunan Imperatif dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia di Kelas XI PSIA.1 SMAN 1 Kubu Karangasem. Â Pembimbing IÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â : Prof. Dr. I Nengah Suandi, M.Hum. Pembimbing IIÂ Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â Â : Prof. Dr. I Made Sutama, M.Pd. Â Kata Kunci: kesantunan, imperatif, pragmatik. Â Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan (1) wujud pragmatik imperatif, (2) wujud kesantunan linguistik, dan (3) wujud kesantunan pragmatik imperatif yang dinyatakan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Data dalam penelitian ini adalah tuturan guru dan siswa sejauh di dalamnya terkandung maksud atau makna pragmatik imperatif. Metode yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data penelitian ini adalah metode observasi, wawancara, dan rekaman. Metode observasi digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data-data tentang (1) wujud pragmatik imperatif, (2) wujud kesantunan linguistik, dan (3) wujud kesantunan pragmatik imperatif yang dinyatakan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia, sedangkan metode wawancara dan metode rekam digunakan sebagai penunjang dalam pengumpulan data. Data yang telah terkumpul selanjutnya dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kontekstual. Berdasarkan analisis tersebut,Â diperoleh hasil penelitian sebagai berikut. (1) Ditemukan sembilan wujud pragmatik imperatif yang dinyatakan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Kesembilan wujud pragmatik imperatif yang dinyatakan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia adalah sebagai berikut. (a) tuturan yang mengandung makna pragmatik imperatif perintah, (b) permintaan, (c) desakan, (d)Â bujukan, (e) persilaan, (f) larangan, (g) ngelulu, (h) harapan, dan (i) mengomando/aba-aba (2) Wujud kesantunan linguistik dapat diidentifikasi melalui tiga hal, yaitu (a) panjang pendek tuturan, (b) urutan tuturan, dan (c) ungkapan-ungkapan penanda kesantunan sebagai penentu kesantunan linguistik. Ungkapan yang dipandang sebagai pemerkah kesantunan imperatif yang dinyatakan guru dan siswa dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia di antaranya adalah tolong, coba, ayo, harap, silakan, dan biar. (3) Wujud kesantunan pragmatik imperatif dalam pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia diwujudkan dengan dua macam wujud tuturan, yakni (a) tuturan deklaratif dan (b) tuturan interogatif. Pemanfaatan kedua tuturan tersebut selain berfungsi sebagai bentuk kesantunan dalam bertutur juga berfungsi sebagai modifikasi tuturan untuk menjalin hubungan yang harmonis, menciptakan suasana pembelajaran yang dinamis, variatif, dan demokratis. Sesuai dengan hasil penelitian tersebut, disarankan hal-hal sebagai berikut. Bagi dunia pendidikan, hasil penelitian ini dapat memberi masukan untuk merencanakan dan menciptakan suasana pendidikan dan pengajaran yang kondusif di sekolah. Bagi masyarakat, hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai penopang lancarnya komunikasi dan interaksi lintas budaya. Bagi peneliti berikutnya, dalam rangka replikasi, jangkauan penelitian ini dapat diperluas. Â

THE EFFECT OF PQ4R STRATEGY AND LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE ON READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 SUKASADA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/ 2012 YARMADA SRIADI, I NYOMAN
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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THE EFFECT OF PQ4R STRATEGY AND LINGUISTIC INTELLIGENCE ON READING COMPREHENSION OF THE TENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF SMAN 1 SUKASADA IN THE ACADEMIC YEAR 2011/ 2012 By: I Nyoman Yarmada Sriadi * ABSTRACT Keywords: linguistic intelligence, PQ4R strategy, reading comprehension. This study aimed at investigating whether the implementation of PQ4R strategy and the studentsâ linguistic intelligence gave a significant effect to the studentsâ reading comprehension. The study was an experimental study by applying 2 x 2 factorial design. The population was 5 classes (153 students) of grade X in SMAN 1 Sukasada in the academic year 2011/ 2012, in which 4 classes were samples which were assigned into two groups, i.e. experimental group and control group, by Cluster Random Sampling. The research data were collected through tests that were analyzed by using Statistical Two-Way Anova and Tukey Test. The result shows that, first, there was a significant difference on the studentsâ reading comprehension between the students who were taught by using PQ4R strategy and conventional reading strategy, in which the students who were taught by using PQ4R strategy had higher reading comprehension than those students who were taught by using conventional strategy. Second, there was a significant interactional effect on the studentsâ reading comprehension between the strategies applied and the studentsâ linguistic intelligence. Third, there was a significant difference on the studentsâ reading comprehension between the students who had high linguistic intelligence when they were taught by using PQ4R strategy and conventional strategy, in which the students who had high linguistic intelligence taught by using PQ4R strategy had higher reading comprehension than those students who were taught by using conventional reading strategy. Fourth, there was no any significant difference between the studentsâ reading comprehension of the students who had low linguistic intelligence when they were taught by using PQ4R strategy and conventional strategy. Â Â Â Â PENGARUH STRATEGI PQ4R DAN STRATEGI CONVENSIONAL SERTA INTELLIGENSI LINGUISTIK TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN MEMBACA PEMAHAMAN PADA SISWA KELAS X SMAN 1 SUKASADA TAHUN AJARAN 2011/ 2012 ABSTRAK Kata kunci: intelligensi linguistik, strategi PQ4R, membaca pemahaman. Penelitain ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah penerapan strategi PQ4R yang ditinjau dari intelligensi linguistik memberikan pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan terhadap kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan menggunakan rancangan factorial 2 x 2. Populasi berjumlah 5 kelas (153 siswa) dari semua siswa di kelas X di SMA Negeri 1 Sukasada tahun ajaran 2011/ 2012. Dengan menggunakan metoda kelompok secara acak (cluster random sampling), 4 kelas ditentukan sebagai sampel dan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu kelompok eksperimental dan kelompok kontrol. Data penelitian ini dikumpulkan melalui tes, yang kemudian dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistic anava dua jalur dan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, pertama, ada perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman antara siswa yang diajar dengan strategi PQ4R dan strategi konvensional, di mana siswa yang diajar dengan menggunakan strategi PQ4R memiliki kemampuan membaca pemahaman yang lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang diajar dengan menggunakan strategi konvensional. Kedua, ada pengaruh interaksi yang signifikan antara strategi mengajar yang diterapkan dengan kemampuan intelligensi linguistik siswa pada kemampuan mereka dalam membaca pemahaman. Ketiga, terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman yang memiliki tingkat intelligensi linguistik yang tinggi ketika mereka diajar dengan menggunakan strategi PQ4R dan ketika mereka diajar dengan menggunakan strategi konvensional, di mana kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman yang memiliki tingkat intelligensi linguistik yang tinggi yang diajar dengan menggunakan strategi PQ4R lebih tinggi daripada mereka yang diajar dengan menggunakan strategi konvensional. Keempat, tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada kemampuan siswa dalam membaca pemahaman yang memiliki tingkat intelligensi linguistik yang rendah ketika mereka diajar dengan menggunakan strategi PQ4R dan ketika mereka diajar dengan menggunakan strategi konvensional.

THE CONTRIBUTION OF STUDENTSâ BELIEFS ABOUT LANGUAGE LEARNING, LEARNING STYLES, AND LANGUAGE LEARNING STRATEGIES TOWARD THE ENGLISH ACHIEVEMENT OF THE ELEVENTH GRADE STUDENTS OF STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN SINGARAJA Angelianawati, L
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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Abstract This study was a correlational study, which was aimed at investigating whether or not there was a significant contribution of beliefs about language learning, learning styles, and language learning strategies on studentsâ English achievement. The research was done toward the eleventh grade students of state senior high schools in Singaraja Semester 1, in the academic year 2011/2012. The number of population was 798 students; and the sample was 160, which were determined through proportional random sampling technique. The data of beliefs about language learning were collected through BALLI (Horwitz, 1987) which was adapted from Artini (2006), learning styles through PLSPQ (Reid, 1984), language learning strategies through SILL (Oxford, 1990), and English achievement from documentations, namely from studentsâ school report books. The data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics. The descriptive statistics was used to describe the obtained variable data and the inferential statistics was used to analyze the requirement testing and hypothesis testing. The research results showed that there were significant contributions of each predictor, i.e. beliefs about language learning, learning styles, and language learning strategies, to the studentsâ English achievement (Ï < 0.05), namely 3.6% with r = 0.190, 5% with r = 0.224, and 2.9% with r = 0.172, correspondingly. There was also a positive and significant contribution of the beliefs about language learning, learning styles and language learning strategies simultaneously to their English achievement, with r = 0.257, Ï < 0.05, and the coefficient of determination (r 2) = 0.066 or 6.6%, in which the effective contribution of each from the strongest to the weakest were learning styles 3.51%, beliefs about language learning 1.71%, and language learning strategies 1.38% respectively. Key terms : beliefs about language learning, learning styles, language learning strategies, English achievement

Penyikapan Putu Wijaya terhadap Tradisi Bali: Sebuah Kajian Sosiokultural Novel Putri. DESI, LUH
Jurnal Pendidikan Bahasa Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
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ABSTRAK Penyikapan Putu Wijaya terhadap Tradisi Bali: Sebuah Kajian Sosiokultural Novel Putri. OLEH LUH DESI Â Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tokoh-tokoh dalam novel Putri karya Putu Wijaya, yang memberikan aksentuasi terhadap tradisi Bali, mendeskripsikan tradisi Bali dalam novel Putri, dan sikap Putu Wijaya yang terepleksi dalam novel Putri. Novel yang dijadikan objek dalam penelitian ini adalah novel Putri I dan Putri II, karya Putu Wijaya. Dalam mengaji kedua novel ini, digunakan beberapa teori yang dipandang relevan, yaitu teori sosiologi sastra, teori representasi, dan beberapa teori pendukung lainnya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan pengajian kedua novel ini, yaitu tokoh-tokoh yang hadir dalam novel Putri cukup memberikan aksentuasi terhadap tradisi Bali. Putri yang menjadi tokoh sentral dalam kedua novel ini menggugat tradisi yang dipandang telah memperbudak masyarakat pendukungnya. Putri mencetuskan tradisi baru melalui pemikirannya yang lebih rasional. Tokoh Putri telah memperjuangkan kaumnya agar tidak tersubordinat oleh kaum laki-laki.Tradisi yang dianggap penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat perlu dilakukan modernisasi agar tradisi yang telah memfosil mendapat pencerahan untuk melalui pemikiran-pemikiran rasional. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh diharapkan ada Â penelitian Â lanjutan untuk mencari sisi lain dan menguaknya kembali dengan wacana yang berbeda. Â Kata kunci: tokoh, tradisi, penyikapan ABSTRACT Putu Wijaya attitude Bali Against Tradition: A Study of Novel sociocultural Princess Â This study aims to describeÂ characters in the novel Putri Putu Wijayas work, which gives the accentuation of the traditions of Bali, described the novel tradition in Bali, Putu Wijaya and attitudes in a novel that reflected Putri. Novel objects used in this study is Â novel putri I and putri II, by Putu Wijaya. In this novel the second chant, used some of the theories considered relevant, namely the sociology of literary theory, representation theory, and several other supporting theories. The study is based on the study of this novel, the characters are present in the novel Putri gives accentuation of the Balinese tradition. Putri who became a central figure in the novel is considered a tradition that has sued the enslaved community supporters. Daughter sparked a new tradition with a more rational thinking. Figures have been fighting for his people so that women do not cornered by men. Which is considered an important tradition in public life needs to be done to modernize the tradition that has been fossilized for enlightenment through rational thinking. Based on research results obtained are expected to have advanced research to find the other side and reveal it again with a different discourse. Â Key words: character, tradition, attitude

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