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INDONESIA
Pelita Perkebunan
Published by Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia
ISSN : 02150212     EISSN : 24069574     DOI : https://doi.org/10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebuna
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Pelita Perkebunan, Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal (CCRJ): ISSN:0215-0212 Since its establishment in 1911, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) formerly Besoekisch Proefstation, had published its research findings through a journal call Mededelingen van het Besoekisch Proefstation. Between 1948-1981 the research institute was under the supervision of Bogor Research Institute for Estate Crops, and published its research findings through De Bergcultures which was later changed to Menara Perkebunan. Since the institute held the national mandate for coffee and cocoa commodities, and due to rapid increase in the research findings, ICCRI published its first issue of Pelita Perkebunanjournal in April 1985. Pelita Perkebunanis an international journal providing rapid publication of peer-reviewed articles concerned with coffee and cocoa commodities based on the aspects of agronomy, plant breeding, soil science, crop protection, postharvest technology and social economy. Papers dealing with result of original research on the above aspects are welcome, with no page charge. Pelita Perkebunan is managed by Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI), which publish the research findings not only for coffee and cocoa but also other commodities relevant with coffee and cocoa, i.e. shade trees, intercrops and wind breakers.
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Articles 402 Documents
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Callogenesis and Embryogenic Potential of New Superior Cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) Genotypes Treated with Ascorbic Acid Sulistyani Pancaningtyas
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i3.472

Abstract

Clonal propagation is an alternative method of maintaining the genetic purity of superior cocoa plants (Theobroma cacao L.). The somatic embryogenesis technique is likely the most effective and efficient method for plant propagation. This study aimed at investigating the callogenesis and embryogenic potential of new superior cocoa clones on culture media added with various concentrations of antioxidants and variation in the concentration of auxin hormone combined with ascorbic acid. The superior clones used in this study were MCC 01, MCC 02, Sulawesi 3, ICCRI 07, and ICCRI 09. The parameters observed in this study were percentage of embryogenic callus formation, number of secondary somatic embryos, and percentage of embryo somatic cells that develop into planlets. The addition of 2,4,5-T combined with ascorbic acid affected the initiation of cocoa secondary somatic embryogenesis. Treatment combination of ascorbic acid 100 mg.L-1 and 2,4,5-T 1 mg.L-1 had a significant effect on the initiation of secondary somatic embryogenesis of cocoa in the embryogenic callus phase (4.73%), globular embryos (2.53%), torpedo embryos (4.67%) and sprouts (0.47%). Three clones i.e ICCRI 07, Sulawesi 3 and ICCRI 09 clones showed a higher percentage (3.0%, 2.10%, and 1.80%, respectively) of embryogenic callus growth than the other clones. Meanwhile, on MCC 01 clone, all treatments did not affect the regeneration of embryogenic callus. The combination treatment of organic acid and adenine showed a low embryogenic callus response in MCC 01 and MCC 02 clones. However, MCC 02 clone also did not show a response in form of globular, torpedo, and germination phase somatic embryo regenerations. This indicates that different plant cultivars show different responses to the addition of organic acids. Treatment combinations of adenine 0.0125 mg.L-1 + ascorbic acid 100 mg.L-1 gave the best response to the regeneration of somatic embryos for the globular, torpedo, and g
Branching angles of several cocoa genotypes and their effect on determining optimum plant spacing Bayu Setyawan; Indah Anita-Sari; Fatrezza Ihsan; Heksan Panua
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i3.473

Abstract

Identification of the type of branching architecture will be one for the considerations in determining specific spacing recommendations for cocoa plantation. The research was conducted at Kaliwining Experimental Station, Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute. The aim of this study was to investigate of branching angle characteristics of cocoa clones that can be used in determining planting space in cocoa farms. This research usied a completely randomized block design (RCBD) consisting of 21 genotypes as treatments. Each treatment was repeated three times and each replication consisted of three sample plants. Parametersobserved were branch angle and the type of branching. Branch angle is the angle formed by the outermost primary branch and was measured using a protractor. The results showed that each genotype had a different angle on the primary branch, while the secondary and tertiary branch angles did not shown any significantdifference. The results of the analysis showed that of the 21 genotypes tested, ICCRI 03, BAL 209, and KW 411 showed horizontal branching type; Sulawesi 1 and Sulawesi 3 showed vertical branching type, while the other 16 genotypes had intermediate branching types. Cocoa clones with a vertical branching type can be planted in denser spacing compared to cocoa clones with a horizontal branching type. The population per hectare of clones with vertical branching type can be increased 3 to 4 times when compared to clones with horizontal branching type.
Ant Abundance, identification and relation with cocoa pest attacks under several shade trees. Abied Khafidhan; Rahayu Widyastuti; Soetanto Abdoellah
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i3.474

Abstract

Ants are soil macrofauna that plays an essential role in preventing pods of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella attack. However, the method of those pests control primarily using pesticides and that will disturbed ant's life. This research aims to determine the abundance and diversity of ants in cocoa plantations with different shade and to determine the correlation between ant abundance and intensity of pest attack from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella. Ants sample was carried out using pitfall traps and Berlese funnels based on purposive sampling method. The results showed that five subfamilies were found in cocoa plantations with different shade. Subfamily Myrmicinae was the dominant group in all observation sites. The ant abundance has a strong correlation with intensity of pest attack. This was influenced by a role of the ant as natural enemies from Helopeltis antonii and Conopomorpha cramerella.
Early Morphological Growth Response and Incidence of Key Pests Under Two Spacing Regimes of Coffea canephora Godfrey Sseremba; Godfrey Hubby Kagezi; Judith Kobusinge; David Akodi; Nicholas Olango; Joseph Mulindwa; Pascal Musoli; Geofrey Arinaitwe
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i2.477

Abstract

Coffea canephora has non-limiting but unexploited yield and quality potential when compared with C. arabica. Coffee tree density optimization can improve fortunes of smallholder farmers. An attractive example is that high productive countries where high plant densities do increase area yield but across boardrecommendations are illogical especially with variety and agroecological variations. We aimed to compare two spacing regimes for growth response and pest incidence using Kituza Robusta clone. Randomized complete block designs with three replications and eight plants per plot were established at four agroecologically diverseon-farm locations. Eleven plant growth variables were measured. In addition incidences of five key pests were assessed. Data was collected on a 3-month interval starting from 12 up to 21 months after planting. Highly significant differences between spacing regimes (p<0.01) were obtained for majority of variables. Mean growth response was generally higher under 3 m x 1 m (high density) than 3 m x 3 m (low density) particularly with stem girth, plant height, length of longest primary branch, and leaf blade length. Conversely, pest incidence of black coffee twig borer, leaf eating beetles, leaf miners, and tailed caterpillars, except skeletonizers was higher under high than low plant densities. The findings provide aguide on implications of high plant densities on growth robustness which is translatable into yield potential; amidst a pest prevalence dilemma in studied type of C. canephora.
Consumer Acceptance on Chocolate Drink Made with a Mixture of Commercial Cocoa Powder and Unfermented Cocoa Powder Laras Cempaka; Tubagus Emir Abdul Hakim; Wayudi David
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i2.479

Abstract

Cocoa is one of the foods that contains polyphenol-rich compounds that act as antioxidants. The processing of cocoa into chocolate products generallycauses a decrease in the number of polyphenols. In the development of chocolate beverage products, it is necessary to evaluate sensory evaluation. The purposeof this study was to determine consumer acceptance, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity of chocolate drinks made from commercial cocoa powderadded with unfermented cocoa powder. Seventy-five panellist (17-23 years old) contributed to the consumer acceptance of four samples of chocolate drinks witha ratio of commercial cocoa powder: unfermented cocoa powder = 100%:0%, 90%:10%, 80%:20%, 70%:30%. The sample than was analyzed for its antioxidantactivity using the ascorbic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content using the Folin-Ciocalteau method. The results showed that the sample witha composition of 100% commercial fermented cocoa had the highest value on each sensory attribute. It had the highest TPC (321.235 mg gallic acid equivalent),antioxidant activity (982 ppm), and inhibition percentage (46%), respectively. Addition of the unfermented cocoa powder composition showed a decrease in the level ofconsumer preference. However, the addition did not significantly affect the total phenolic content, but slightly increased the antioxidant activity. The use of unfermentedcocoa powder for mixing components that are not processed standardly has not been well received by consumers, proper processing of unfermented cocoa powderis required if the polyphenol compound is desired.
Determination of Cocoa Powder Quality Produced by Small-Medium Enterprise Using Six Sigma Analysis Hendy Firmanto; Yesi Kumalasari; Zikil Muarrofah
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i2.480

Abstract

Cocoa powder now has become a common craft product of small-medium processing enterprises (SME) in Indonesia. Small-medium enterprises developprocessing sequence in smaller quantity compared to big company, nonetheless it must follow the national cocoa powder standard of SNI 3737:2009. The aim ofthis experiment was to evaluate the SME cocoa process production performance through Six Sigma analysis of the product to comply the standard requirements.The cocoa powder product was evaluated using three critical to quality (CTQ) parameters involving water content, color, and fineness. National standard determinedthe maximum water content value is 5%, the color is brown or Agtron number 65 and minimum fineness percentage of particle (75 µm) must be 99.5%. This resultexplain the stability process of SME which is exceeding the control limit value of non conformity product. Its process capability showing the Sigma value of2.6 with defect per million value was 126,667. The CTQ parameters which contribute to the high non-conformity are fineness 78.95% and color 21.05%. The roughcocoa powder or fineness affects the highest non-conformity related to the high fat content in cocoa cake as input process and can be revised by upgrading thepressing machine performance.
Added Value Analysis of Intermediate and Final Cocoa Products: Case Study in a Cocoa Producing Unit in Jember, East Java Diany Faila Sophia Hartatri; Alvin Rizki Ramadhani; Sholahuddin Akbar; Burhanuddin Fauzi; Hendy Firmanto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i2.482

Abstract

Cocoa is one of the important commodities that significantly contribute to Indonesian economy. Moreover, millions farmers depend on this commodityas their main source of income. However, the low quality of dried cocoa beans produced by Indonesian smallholder cocoa farmers has led the low farm-gateprice. Therefore, efforts for increasing the cocoa income are required. Hilirisasi (down streeming) program has been implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), including in cocoa commodity in order to increase the added value ofcocoa. There are various downstream products, including intermediate and final products that can be produced. The intermediate products include paste/liquor,cocoa butter, and cocoa powder, meanwhile the final products, such as 3 in 1 cocoa powder, milk chocolate bars and dark chocolate bars. Research on addedvalue of intermediate and final cocoa products specially in small size producing units is still limited, whereas this research is required to support the nationaleconomy and smallholder cocoa farmers. Therefore, this research aims to understand the added value of producing intermediate and final cocoa products at asmall sized enterprises of cocoa processing unit based in Jember, East Java. This research was conducted in March to June 2020 by conducting observation, documentation and interview for understanding the production activities of intermediateproducts (cocoa paste/liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder) and final products (3 in 1 milk powder, milk chocolate bar and dark chocolate bar). The researchresults show that producing intermediate and final products resulted in medium to high added value and profitable for the producing unit. Producing cocoa paste/liquor generated the highest profit among the intermediate cocoa products, meanwhile on final cocoa products, processing 3 in 1 cocoa powder provided thehighest profit. In order to increase the national and community economy, the support of GoI to small and medium enterprise (SMEs) or farmer groups for processing the downstream cocoa products is required. Cocoa is one of the important commodities that significantly contributeto Indonesian economy. Moreover, millions farmers depend on this commodity as their main source of income. However, the low quality of dried cocoa beansproduced by Indonesian smallholder cocoa farmers has led the low farm-gate price. Therefore, efforts for increasing the cocoa income are required. Hilirisasi(down streeming) program has been implemented by the Government of Indonesia (GoI), including in cocoa commodity in order to increase the added value ofcocoa. There are various downstream products, including intermediate and final products that can be produced. The intermediate products include paste/liquor,cocoa butter, and cocoa powder, meanwhile the final products, such as 3 in 1 cocoa powder, milk chocolate bars and dark chocolate bars. Research on addedvalue of intermediate and final cocoa products specially in small size producing units is still limited, whereas this research is required to support the nationaleconomy and smallholder cocoa farmers. Therefore, this research aims to understand the added value of producing intermediate and final cocoa products at asmall sized enterprises of cocoa processing unit based in Jember, East Java. This research was conducted in March to June 2020 by conducting observation, documentation and interview for understanding the production activities of intermediateproducts (cocoa paste/liquor, cocoa butter and cocoa powder) and final products (3 in 1 milk powder, milk chocolate bar and dark chocolate bar). The researchresults show that producing intermediate and final products resulted in medium to high added value and profitable for the producing unit. Producing cocoa paste/liquor generated the highest profit among the intermediate cocoa products, meanwhile on final cocoa products, processing 3 in 1 cocoa powder provided thehighest profit. In order to increase the national and community economy, the support of GoI to small and medium enterprise (SMEs) or farmer groups for processing the downstream cocoa products is required.
Diversity and Abundance of Earthworms in Cocoa Plantations with Different Shade Trees Niken Puspita sari; Rahayu Widyastuti; Soetanto Abdoellah
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 37 No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v37i3.483

Abstract

Earthworm is one of the important macro-fauna in cocoa plantation ecosystem that affects the structure and activity of soil microbes. Earthworms maintain nutrient cycle and affect the growth of plants. Cocoa is a plant that requires shade trees. The presence of shade trees is to increase soil fertility and enrich diversity offlora and fauna. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diversity and abundance of earthworms in cocoa farms with different shade trees, namely paranet, areca palm + leucaena, coconut + leucaena, oil palm + leucaena, and leucaena. The study was carried out in Kaliwining Experimental Station of Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute, Jember. Earthworms were picked manually to a depth of 30 cm by purposive sampling method from July to October 2020. The cocoa plants used were mature plants with a spacing of 3 m x 3 m. Based on Shannon and Wiener formula, the results showed that earthworm diversity was low in all treatments. Earthworms until family level were identified. Earthworm families of Glososscolicidae and Megascolocidae were found in this study. The highest abundance of earthworms was found in areca palm + leucaena. Soil organic C and N content and sand fraction were positively correlated with earthworm abundance, while silt fraction and soil density were negatively correlated with earthworm abundance. As micro-climate factor, light intensity was positively correlated with earthworm abundance, while air temperature was negatively correlated with earthworm abundance.
Heritability and Combining Ability of Some Vegetative and Yield Characteristics of Promising Arabica Coffee Varieties in Indonesia Ari Wibowo; Miftahur Rizqi Akbar; Ucu Sumirat
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 38 No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v38i1.484

Abstract

Breeding for high yielding and good quality arabica coffee is the direction of the coffee breeding program in Indonesia. Hybridization becomes the important step to select promising genotypes from the genetic variability to achieve those goals. This research aimed to study heritability and combining ability of vegetative and yield characteristics of arabica coffee offspring. This research was conducted in randomized complete block design with three replications at Andungsari Experimental Station, East Java. The materials consisted of five parents of arabica coffee namely BP 542A(P1), P88(P2), S795(P3), HDT(P4), GEISHA(P5), and ten F1 hybrids as the offspring. The results showed that the narrow-sense heritability of leaf width was categorized as high. P3 and P5 varieties had the highest general combining ability (GCA) value for internode length, cluster number, and cherries number. These results indicated that both parental lines had potential as parents for the breeding program. The highest value of specific combining ability (SCA) for cherry size and leaf size was shown in crossing combination of P1×P3 and P2×P3. While, the crossing combination of P3×P4 showed the highest SCA value for cluster number, internode length, and cherries number per branch. From this crossing combination, high yielding promising lines can be obtained.
4 Jam Di Pasar Induk Singapura Yudi Anto
Pelita Perkebunan (a Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal) Vol 21 No 2 (2005)
Publisher : Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Pasir Panjang Wholesales Centre, tulisan besar-besar itu terpampang di pinggir Pasir Panjang road. Dari pasar induk yang bersih dan teratur rapi itulah produk pertanian dari mancanegara didistribusikan. Ada yang dikonsumsi lokal, banyak pula yang dire-ekspor ke negara lain. Wartawan Mitra Usaha Tani, Evy Syariefa Firstantinovi, melaporkan hasil perjalanannya ke sana. Jalan lebar beraspal mulus yang membelah deretan kios seakan menjadi awal aktivitas Pasir Panjang Wholesales Centre. Di sepanjang jalan berderet puluhan kontainer. Sejumlah pekeija pria sibuk menurunkan buah dan sayuran, lalu dipisahkan sesuai tujuan: pasar tradisional, cara menanam pohon coklat dari biji tatacara menanam coklat kebun coklat balongbendo krian sidoarjo kebun coklat sidoarjo cara budidaya kakao yang baik dan benar budidaya cocoa menanam kakao dari biji cara menanam kakao yang benar kebun coklat di blitar budidaya pohon coklat pasar swalayan atau dire-ekspor. Hampir seluruh buah dan sayuran impor masuk ke Singapura melalui pasar induk seluas 14ha yang dibangun pemerintah pada 1983 ini.

Page 32 of 41 | Total Record : 402

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