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Afif Noor
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Faculty of Sharia and Law Jl. Prof. Hamka Kampus III Ngaliyan Semarang Jawa Tengah Indonesia Postalcode: 50185
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Al-Ahkam
Published by Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang
ISSN : 08544603     EISSN : 25023209     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2022.32.1.8825
Core Subject : Religion, Social,
Religion Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice
Al-AHKAM; is a peer-reviewed journal published by the Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo, Semarang in collaboration with the Indonesian Consortium of Shariah Scholars (KSSI). Al-AHKAM focuses on Islamic law with various perspectives. This journal, serving as a forum for studying Islamic law within its local and global context, supports focused studies of a particular theme and interdisciplinary studies. AL-AHKAM has been indexed in DOAJ, Google Scholar, and the Indonesia Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education (SINTA 2 - SK No. 164/E/KPT/2021). AL-AHKAM has become a CrossRef Member since the year 2016. Therefore, all articles will have a unique DOI number.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 379 Documents
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Traditional Islamic Legal Epistemology in Pesantren’s Practice of Ḥisāb Marwadi Marwadi; Eva Mir'atun Niswah; Muhammad Fuad Zain; Ahmad Rezy Meidina; Muhammad Akmal Kafi
Al-Ahkam Vol. 35 No. 2 (2025): October
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.2.27687

Abstract

This study examines the epistemological basis behind the choice of four traditional Islamic boarding schools affiliated with Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) in East Java to prioritize ḥisāb (astronomical calculations) over ru'ya (crescent sighting) in determining the beginning of the Hijri month, even though NU institutionally prioritizes ru'ya. Through qualitative, empirical-legal research based on interviews, document analysis, and field observations, this study shows that the practice of ḥisāb is not merely a technical choice, but rather an expression of an epistemic orientation rooted in classical astronomical literature, the continuity of scientific chains of narration, and burhānī reasoning that emphasizes rational certainty. The use of ḥisāb is legitimized by classical al-Shāfi'iyya fiqh and the pesantren ethos, which emphasizes that knowledge must be put into practice (taṭbīq al-‘ilm). Thus, ḥisāb functions as a marker of scholarly authority, legal certainty, and the pesantren's institutional identity. Despite technical variations, all four pesantren demonstrate a common epistemological commitment: the integration of the bayānī textual approach with the burhānī scientific rationality. This study highlights how traditional institutions negotiate textual authority and scientific rationality in contemporary religious practice.
Exploring Sociocultural Determinants and Resilience Mechanisms Among Young Married Couples in Rural Meratus, South Kalimantan Mariani Mariani; Yusna Zaidah; Raihanah Abdullah; Muhammad Wahdini; Fauziah Hayati
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.26106

Abstract

This study examines the sociocultural determinants and mechanisms of family resilience among young couples in the Dayak Meratus community, South Kalimantan. Contrary to the global narrative that views early marriage as a structural vulnerability, this study demonstrates the existence of resilience mechanisms rooted in local culture. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach with 22 informants, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and document analysis, and then analyzed thematically. The results indicate that institutionalized social practices such as arranged marriages, communal living patterns, land grants as initial economic capital, and minimal external intervention serve as social capital that strengthens family resilience. Resilience is determined not only by biological age but also by kinship support, cultural values, and the interaction between customary law, Islamic law, and state law. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘a and ‘urf, these practices contribute to the protection of offspring, honor, and economic stability, although they still pose potential conflicts with marriage age regulations. This study emphasizes the importance of a contextual socio-legal approach in understanding the phenomenon of early marriage in Muslim indigenous communities.
Rethinking Religious Authority: Fatwa Committee, Scientific Expertise, and Politics of Halal Certification in Indonesia Arisy Abror Dzukroni; Abu Hapsin; Nicolò Di Dio; Abdurrahman Mas'ud
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.29823

Abstract

This article unveils how scientists, alongside ulama, have come to gain religious authority. Following the enactment of the Halal Product Assurance Law in 2014, the state has assumed a central role in structuring halal discourse, displacing civil society as its primary driver. One of the clearest manifestations of this state-driven shift is the establishment of the Fatwa Committee under the Ministry of Religious Affairs in 2023. Through a qualitative approach and a religious authority framework, this study advances three main arguments. First, the institutional arrangement of the Fatwa Committee has enabled scientists to possess an equal degree of religious authority alongside the ulama, effectively positioning scientists as academic muftīs. As a state-affiliated body, the Fatwa Committee transforms its members into official religious authorities, reinforcing the state-centric nature of Indonesia’s halal movement despite its non-Islamic constitutional foundation. Second, halal determination has shifted away from being exclusively a domain of traditional Islamic legal reasoning, no longer requiring extensive fiqh-based deliberation. Third, halal certification cannot be fully understood as a conventional fatwa within classical Islamic legal doctrine; rather, it represents a novel hybrid form of religious ruling. This phenomenon challenges efforts to preserve flexibility and democracy in Islamic legal discourse.
Contract Law in the Waqf Land Transfer Practice: Civil Code and Islamic Law Perspectives Ery Agus Priyono; Muhamad Azhar; Olawale Olufemi Akinrinde; Waspiah Waspiah; Dharu Triasih
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.30271

Abstract

This study examines the legal implications of applying the valid agreement requirements under Article 1320 of the Indonesian Civil Code to waqf land transfers, addressing the governance gap between Islamic jurisprudence and Indonesian positive law. Employing empirical legal research with statutory and comparative approaches, the study analyzed fifteen cases in Semarang City through semi-structured interviews with nādhir, wāqif, waqf foundation administrators, and members of the Indonesian Waqf Board (BWI) conducted between August and November 2025. Findings reveal that none of the examined transfers met the full legal requirements: all lacked valid Waqf Pledge Deeds, nādhir registration was deficient, and the transfers were conducted outside the formal waqf regime. Applying Article 1320's framework, transfers violating subjective conditions (consent and capacity) render agreements voidable, while violations of objective conditions (object and lawful cause) render them void ab initio. From the maqāṣid al-sharī’a perspective, such transfers fail the test of maṣlaḥa mu'tabara and undermine hifẓ al-māl. These findings imply an urgent need for nādhir professionalization, enhanced BWI supervision, mandatory waqf certification, and integration of maqāṣid principles with civil law governance frameworks.
Dwangsom and Judgment Enforcement in Land Disputes from an Islamic and Indonesian Law Perspective Widyarini Indriasti Wardani; Muhamad Helmi Md Said
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.31164

Abstract

Land ownership disputes often result in final and binding civil judgments that are ineffective in practice, leaving the prevailing party with only a normative victory and no actual restoration of rights. Dwangsom functions as a coercive mechanism to ensure compliance with judgments; however, its application in Indonesia remains jurisprudential and lacks a standardized operational framework. Moreover, studies integrating dwangsom within the frameworks of justice in judgment enforcement, maqāṣid al-sharī‘a, and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) remain limited. This article examines dwangsom as an instrument of judgment enforcement by analyzing Supreme Court Decision No. 1429K/Pdt/2006. It evaluates its relevance from the perspectives of maqāṣid al-sharī‘a and SDG 16. Employing a normative juridical method with statutory, case, and conceptual approaches, the study finds that dwangsom is effective in enforcing non-monetary obligations by altering the incentives of non-compliant parties and accelerating the restoration of rights. It further develops a maqāṣid-based framework for the enforcement of judgments, comprising three indicators: legal certainty, expediency, and proportionality. This framework positions dwangsom as a strategic tool to strengthen the effectiveness of court decisions and enhance access to justice.
Religious Moderation as Living Islamic Law: A Maqāṣid Perspective in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam Muslich Shabir; Maskur Rosyid; Harapandi Dahri; Mustla Sofyan Tasfiq
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.31446

Abstract

Religious moderation has become an important discourse in contemporary Islamic legal studies, particularly in responding to extremism and the dynamics of religiosity in pluralistic societies. This study aims to analyze religious moderation as living Islamic law in Indonesia and Brunei Darussalam using the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘a as an analytical framework. This study uses a qualitative approach through analysis of policy documents and Islamic legal literature in Indonesia as well as in-depth interviews with religious authorities and academics in Brunei Darussalam. The results show that religious moderation operates as a normative and institutional practice in the social, legal, and policy spheres. In Indonesia, religious moderation functions as a public legal ethic that integrates Islamic values ​​within a pluralistic national legal system, while in Brunei Darussalam, religious moderation acts as an institutional principle that guides the gradual and proportional implementation of Islamic law. This research offers a novelty in the form of a comparative perspective that positions religious moderation as a living Islamic law that bridges normative Islamic legal theory with institutional practice, while also proposing a maqāṣid-based framework that ensures Islamic law remains contextual, balanced, and oriented towards public welfare.
Web-Based SIMKAH Implementation at KUA: A Multi-City Comparative Study of Legal Effectiveness in Indonesia Hasyim Sofyan Lahilote; Aditya Zahran Bachdar; Faradila Hasan; Abdul Fajri Kolopita
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.28241

Abstract

Marriage registration in Indonesia is a legal obligation under Law Number 16 of 2019, yet millions of Muslim couples remain legally unregistered despite formal prohibition. This study examines web-based SIMKAH (Marriage Management Information System) implementation under Minister of Religious Affairs Decree Number 892 of 2019 at Religious Affairs Offices (KUA) in Surakarta, Gorontalo, and Manado — three cities representing distinct geographical, demographic, and administrative contexts across two Indonesian islands. Using a qualitative descriptive approach with empirical legal methodology, data were collected through in-depth interviews with twelve purposively selected informants and analyzed thematically. Findings confirm that all three KUAs have implemented SIMKAH effectively at the counter level, with measurable improvements in processing speed, data accuracy, and public accessibility. However, SIMKAH does not automatically synchronize with the national civil registration system (SIAK) or the Religious Court, creating a consequential inter-institutional data gap. The study recommends a cross-ministerial regulatory instrument mandating real-time SIMKAH–SIAK–Religious Court integration, continuous operator training, and community-based public socialization.
Unifying the Hijri Calendar: A Fiqh al-Siyāsa Model for Legal Authority and Certainty Muhammad Harfin Zuhdi; Muhammad Sheva Maulaya Zuhdi; Arino Bemi Sado; Ahmad Saiful Haq Almuhtadi; Muhammad Dimas Firdaus
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.29009

Abstract

The unification of the Hijri calendar remains a major legal challenge because Muslim states and religious organizations continue to declare different dates for important religious months despite adopting similar visibility criteria. Existing studies primarily frame this issue as an astronomical debate, leaving the question of legal authority insufficiently explored. This article examines how Islamic legal theory distinguishes ritual worship from civil administration in determining the Hijri calendar. Utilizing normative legal research, this analysis employs doctrinal and comparative approaches to examine classical fiqh, regulatory documents, and contemporary scholarship through the maqāṣid al-sharī‘a framework. The study proposes a Pragmatic Bifurcation Model that preserves local sighting authority for ritual worship while requiring a unified calculated calendar for civil affairs under fiqh al-siyāsa. Analysis of Indonesia's implementation reveals that legal certainty primarily depends on effective state authority rather than precise calculations. The findings suggest that strengthening governmental authority while maintaining doctrinal pluralism offers a more workable path toward Hijri calendar harmonization.
Automated Transaction of Smart Contract: Technology and Sharia Discourse Muhammad Izzul Syahmi Zulkepli; Abdul Muneem; Mohd Shahid Mohd Noh; Mohammad Taqiuddin Mohamad; Saaidal Razalli Azzuhri
Al-Ahkam Vol. 36 No. 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Faculty of Sharia and Law, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Walisongo Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/ahkam.2026.36.1.26307

Abstract

Smart contracts offer Islamic finance a new mechanism for executing transactions with greater transparency, efficiency and reduced Sharia non-compliance risk, yet their distinct technical features introduce Sharia challenges scholarly exploration. This paper aims to study the implementation of smart contracts from the Sharia Scholars’ perspective and to analyze its operational challenges as well as Sharia-related issues that arise from integration in the realm of Islamic finance. Using a qualitative approach, data was collected from credible sources such as books, journals, and relevant websites, with strict inclusion criteria. The analysis employed inductive reasoning and an explanatory research method to explore the application and issues surrounding smart contracts. The study finds that smart contracts hold great potential and are generally Sharia-compliant. However, technical aspects, such as contract terms, coding, execution, and protocol consensus require further research. It also stresses the importance of having a Sharia committee or advisor to ensure compliance in products and operations.

Page 38 of 38 | Total Record : 379

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